Subjective Vision Research Articles

Factors related to preoperative anxiety in older patients with sensory impairment: A cross-sectional study.

To identify the factors related to preoperative anxiety in older adults with sensory impairment. Descriptive quantitative research design. Study participants were 120 older adults admitted to a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea to undergo eye or ear surgery. Data were collected from 11 February to 30 April 2023. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 28.0. The study was reported following the STROBE checklist. Preoperative anxiety differed significantly according to gender (p = .002), average monthly household income (p < .001), subjective health status (p = .003), subjective vision loss (p = .004), one-sided or both-sided eye discomfort (p = .002), use of glasses (p = .010), subjective hearing loss (p = .022) and anxiety coping mechanisms (p < .001). The results of a multiple regression analysis on the significant variables identified that gender (β = .178, p = .036) and anxiety coping mechanisms (β = .336, p < .001) had the most significant effect on preoperative anxiety, with an explanatory power of 34.5%. The development and practical application of tailored nursing interventions catering to specific genders and anxiety coping mechanisms would contribute to reducing preoperative anxiety and providing efficient nursing care for older adults with sensory impairment.

ESFuse: Weak Edge Structure Perception Network for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion

Infrared and visible image fusion (IVIF) fully integrates the complementary features of different modal images, and the fused image provides a more comprehensive and objective interpretation of the scene compared to each source image, thus attracting extensive attention in the field of computer vision in recent years. However, current fusion methods usually center their attention on the extraction of prominent features, falling short of adequately safeguarding subtle and diminutive structures. To address this problem, we propose an end-to-end unsupervised IVIF method (ESFuse), which effectively enhances fine edges and small structures. In particular, we introduce a two-branch head interpreter to extract features from source images of different modalities. Subsequently, these features are fed into the edge refinement module with the detail injection module (DIM) to obtain the edge detection results of the source image, improving the network’s ability to capture and retain complex details as well as global information. Finally, we implemented a multiscale feature reconstruction module to obtain the final fusion results by combining the output of the DIM with the output of the head interpreter. Extensive IVIF fusion experiments on existing publicly available datasets show that the proposed ESFuse outperforms the state-of-the-art(SOTA) methods in both subjective vision and objective evaluation, and our fusion results perform well in semantic segmentation, target detection, pose estimation and depth estimation tasks. The source code has been availabled.

Effects of retinopathy on visual function in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective: To study the influence of the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on the visual function of patients with type 2 diabetes, to provide scientific basis for the early prevention and control of DR. Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study, recruiting already-diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients in four community health service centers in Guizhou Province between February and September 2022. Employing the Chinese version of the Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14), assess the participants' near vision, visual adaptation, subjective visual perception, and stereo vision, with higher scores indicating poorer visual function. Categorize the severity of each eye's damage into no diabetic retinopathy (DR), mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and use a 5-level DR grading system to evaluate the overall severity of diabetic retinopathy in both eyes. Employing linear regression analysis to investigate the linear relationship between DR and visual function index. Local weighted regression evaluates the nonlinear relationship between the DR composite score and the scores of visual function, with a steeper slope indicating poorer visual function for that level. Results: A total of 542 patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated, including 244 (45.02%) males, 298 (54.98%) females, and 162 (29.89%) patients with DR. After adjusting for confounders, compared with those without DR, patients with binocular DR Had overall scores (β=0.136, P=0.003), near vision (β=0.163, P<0.001), visual adaptation (β=0.092, P=0.042), subjective vision (β=0.120, P=0.009) and stereo vision (β=0.094, P=0.044) were higher than those without DR. There were no differences in visual functions between DR And monocular DR. The local weighted regression curve showed that near vision (slope: 23.78) and overall score (slope: 58.37) increased sharply from mild to moderate NPDR in both eyes. Visual adaptation (slope: 5.37, 7.72), subjective vision (slope: 6.53, 7.93), stereovision (slope: 0.74, 0.91) increased slowly in mild to moderate NPDR in both eyes and in moderate to severe NPDR/PDR in both eyes. Conclusion: Binocular DR is associated with impaired visual function, but there is no difference between monocular DR And non-DR visual function. The early damage of DR To visual function is mainly manifested in near vision. In the prevention and control of DR, more attention should be paid to visual function, especially the change of near vision, and retinal damage should not be assessed solely by visual status.

Optometrische Vision Therapy

Purpose. Vision therapy in a 26-year-old female student with subjective vision impairment because of reduced flexibility of accommodation, esophoria, and lack of divergence. Material and Methods. Regular vision therapy based on a detailed training concept with training under optometric supervision and home exercises was performed over a period of twelve weeks. The baseline examination included history as well as analysis of the visual system with optometric function tests, refraction, and integrative analysis. The training progress was controlled biweekly. Results. The parameters that differed from the physiological norm data at baseline increased as follows: maximum amount of accommodation OD/OS from 6.7/7.7 D to 8.0/8.7 D; flexibility of accommodation monocular OD/OS from 6/6 to 13/12 turns per minute, binocular from 7 to 13 turns per minute; positive/negative relative accommodation from −0.75/+1.25 D to −1.75/+1.75 D; vergence ranges base in distance/near (break points) from 3/6 cm/m to 6/10 cm/m. Conclusion. All described parameters were improved after vision therapy. The accommodation flexibility and positive and negative accommodation were increased to the physiological norm range. The subjective complaints, such as headaches and rapid fatigue when reading, were eliminated by the training. Keywords: VISION THERAPY, CONSTANT ESOPHORIA, REDUCED ACCOMMODATION FLEXIBILITY, LACK OF DIVERGENCE

Pre- and postoperative OCT features and surgical outcomes of advanced retinitis pigmentosa with macular hole: case series and literature review

BackgroundMacular hole (MH) is a rare complication of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and has an adverse impact on residual visual function. At present, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and surgical experience is limited.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans in a cohort of eight eyes of seven RP patients with MH in order to report their OCT features and vitreoretinal surgical prognosis.ResultsThis study includes four lamellar macular holes (LMHs) and four full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs). Pre-operative OCT revealed other macular abnormalities in all eyes, such as epiretinal membrane (ERM), cystoid macular edema (CME), lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) and vitreoretinal traction. MH progression and subjective vision worsening were noted in one LMH eye during a seven-month follow-up. All holes closed after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. At final follow-up, one eye had improved vision and seven eyes remained stable compared to baseline.ConclusionsThe occurrence of MH in RP is accompanied by various imaging characteristics, such as ERM, CME and LHEP, suggesting a multifactorial pathogenesis. Considering poor vision in most RP patients with potentially progressive MH, surgery appears to be effective in maintaining or improving the central vision in a period of time. Thus, vitrectomy should be performed as soon as possible and flap-assisted techniques or episcleral surgeries are needed for some special cases.

THE PROBLEM OF MODEL ADEQUACY IN THE APPLICATION OF GAME THEORY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

The article considers the use of game theory in international relations and the risks associated with it. An analysis is made of the possibility of reflecting the same real situations using different game models with different connotations. The concept of the adequacy of the model in relation to the situation is considered, as well as the necessary logical stage of proving this adequacy and the risk of manipulative influence in the absence of such proof. Attention is paid to the phenomenon of the model itself and its relation to the real object of modeling.The opinion is argued about the need to prove the similarity before using the analogy as an argument for attempts to persuade on the basis of this similarity. The mechanism of manipulation is considered in which, by skipping the discussion of the adequacy of the model, it is automatically considered adequate, so the author of the model can impose his own forecasts on the consumer of information regarding the development of events, as well as his own subjective vision of the positivity of the results.As an example, two well-known problems in game theory are considered, actively used for modeling international relations: the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Chicken game. An example of modeling the same hypothetical situation using both games and differences in subjective perception of the same results, which are manifested in the choice of which of these games to use, is given. The opinion is given that although both games can be very useful in the field of international relations, when consuming information which incorporates these and other games, it is necessary to carefully check not only the author's forecasts regarding the development of events, but also the assessment of the positivity of the results in the model.

Eicosapentaenoic acid-rich omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may improve vision in dry age-related macular degeneration or Stargardt disease, as shown in MADEOS, a prospective, randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

BackgroundThis study investigates the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich omega-3 fatty acids on dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease. MethodsMADEOS is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, which assessed the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on best corrected visual acuity, blood omega-6/omega-3 ratio, and perceived vision and mood using a questionnaire in patients with dry AMD or Stargardt disease. Participants received either the active product (3660 mg of EPA and DHA; 14 patients) or placebo (sunflower oil; 7 patients) daily for 24 weeks. Measurements were taken at screening (Visit 1), 12 weeks (Visit 3), and 24 weeks (Visit 4). Comparisons were made within and between groups. ResultsThe mean letters gained at Visits 3 and 4 were significantly different between the groups (p=0.002). The active group showed a mean gain of 6 ETDRS letters from Visit 1 to Visit 4 (p=0.003). The mean arachidonic acid/EPA ratio in the active group significantly decreased from Visit 1 (5.84 ± 1.05) to Visit 4 (1.47 ± 0.16, p=0.002). The questionnaire scores were similar at Visit 3 but higher for the active group at Visit 4 (9.38 ± 3.35 vs. 7.28 ± 2.36). ConclusionEPA-rich omega-3 supplementation may improve both objective and subjective vision in patients with dry AMD or Stargardt disease, offering a potentially simple, safe, and cost-effective approach to enhancing quality of life.

Analysis of visual communication elements in variable font design from the perspective of digital technology

With the maturity of digital technology, the effectiveness of information transmission has received extensive attention. Variable font design is regarded as an extension of graphic design in digital media art, and variable font design is studied from the perspective of information communication design. From the perspective of digital technology, based on the research theory of variable information communication design, combined with the specific methods of font design, the perception, cognitive methods, and aesthetic laws of aesthetic subject vision and psychology in the field of font variable design are discussed. Provide relevant theoretical support for information communication design activities with variable fonts. Based on artificial intelligence technology, a new interactive art expression method is proposed. By analyzing the main expression scenarios of interactive art, namely user information communication scenarios, interactive art push scenarios, interactive art promotion scenarios and personal service scenarios, it provides a scenario application basis for interactive expression, calculate the space complexity, space complexity and resource complexity, according to the complexity calculation results, carry out interaction design from three aspects of visual elements, multimedia elements, and human-computer interaction elements, integrate the topology structure after the interaction is realized, and in the network topology structure. The proposed model consists mainly of visual design, basic design elements, basic visual design, complete design and solution generation. It realizes the expression of interactive art of multimedia elements in display and control. The experimental results show that the interactive element extraction speed of the visual communication expression method based on artificial intelligence technology is increased by 30%, and the flexibility is stronger.

Multi-Scale Attention and Dilated Convolutional Neural Network-Based 3D Scene Reconstruction for Moving Objects

Three-dimensional (3D) scene reconstruction for moving objects remains a challenging research topic. It is crucial to effectively capture feature representations from dynamic and complex scenarios. Consequently, this work introduces the integration of multi-scale attention and dilated convolution to create an enhanced deep-learning structure for this purpose. Therefore, this paper proposes a 3D reconstruction method for moving objects based on multi-scale attention and a dilated convolutional neural network (CNN). Specifically, a multi-scale attention algorithm framework that incorporates dilated CNNs is designed to extract multi-scale features of moving targets. The dilated CNN is incorporated to enhance the model’s perception ability and receptive field while maintaining a lightweight structure. This integrated design aims to achieve automatic learning targeted at features and scene information at different scales. By increasing the effective range of information perception and further enhancing the quality of reconstruction results, a coordinate system is established for 3D scene reconstruction of moving targets. Finally, a comparative analysis of subjective vision, visualization, and reconstruction algorithms is conducted using real-world cases. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in the 3D scene reconstruction task of moving targets compared to traditional methods.

Science Environment Technology And Society Based For Disaster Mitigation

In facing the large number of disasters in Indonesia, efforts to reduce disaster risk have become a strong foundation for joint efforts. One of the disaster mitigation learning methods developed is the Science Environment Technology and Society (SETS) learning model. Therefore, this research aims to develop natural disaster learning tools with a SETS vision that are integrated in science subjects, implement disaster teaching materials with an integrated Science Environment Technology and Society vision in science subjects, increase the understanding and skills of teachers and students regarding concepts, principles and practicing self-rescue in the event of a natural disaster, and increasing collegiality between lecturers and teachers as well as between teachers in teaching disaster material to students. This multi-year development research (R&amp;D) was carried out in collaboration with teachers in primary and secondary education. The research results are in the form of five learning model features such as: Syllabus, lesson plans, learning methods, teaching materials, as well as techniques and types of assessment developed including science material for grades IV, V, VI primary school and VII, VII, IX secondary school. The five features are packaged in a Guidebook for Teaching Natural Disasters Integrated in Science (for Teachers), a Textbook (for Students) and a supplement in the form of a cartoon comic. The dissemination results show that the learning tools developed are worthy of being given to students, and can increase students' understanding in recognizing and dealing with disaster.

Subretinal Photovoltaic Implant PRIMA Provides Central Vision in Subjects with Geographic Atrophy Due to Age-related Macular Degeneration

Subretinal Photovoltaic Implant PRIMA Provides Central Vision in Subjects with Geographic Atrophy Due to Age-related Macular Degeneration

Pretraining alpha rhythm enhancement by neurofeedback facilitates short-term perceptual learning and improves visual acuity by facilitated consolidation.

Learning through perceptual training using the Gabor patch (GP) has attracted attention as a new vision restoration technique for myopia and age-related deterioration of visual acuity (VA). However, the task itself is monotonous and painful and requires numerous training sessions and some time before being effective, which has been a challenge for its widespread application. One effective means of facilitating perceptual learning is the empowerment of EEG alpha rhythm in the sensory cortex before neurofeedback (NF) training; however, there is a lack of evidence for VA. We investigated whether four 30-min sessions of GP training, conducted over 2 weeks with/without EEG NF to increase alpha power (NF and control group, respectively), can improve vision in myopic subjects. Contrast sensitivity (CS) and VA were measured before and after each GP training. The NF group showed an improvement in CS at the fourth training session, not observed in the control group. In addition, VA improved only in the NF group at the third and fourth training sessions, this appears as a consolidation effect (maintenance of the previous training effect). Participants who produced stronger alpha power during the third training session showed greater VA recovery during the fourth training session. These results indicate that enhanced pretraining alpha empowerment strengthens the subsequent consolidation of perceptual learning and that even a short period of GP training can have a positive effect on VA recovery. This simple protocol may facilitate use of a training method to easily recover vision.

Semantic image sorting method for RSVP presentation

Objective. The rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm, which is based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, is an effective approach for object detection. It aims to detect the event-related potentials (ERP) components evoked by target images for rapid identification. However, the object detection performance within this paradigm is affected by the visual disparity between adjacent images in a sequence. Currently, there is no objective metric to quantify this visual difference. Consequently, a reliable image sorting method is required to ensure the generation of a smooth sequence for effective presentation. Approach. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic image sorting method for sorting RSVP sequences, which aims at generating sequences that are perceptually smoother in terms of the human visual experience. Main results. We conducted a comparative analysis between our method and two existing methods for generating RSVP sequences using both qualitative and quantitative assessments. A qualitative evaluation revealed that the sequences generated by our method were smoother in subjective vision and were more effective in evoking stronger ERP components than those generated by the other two methods. Quantitatively, our method generated semantically smoother sequences than the other two methods. Furthermore, we employed four advanced approaches to classify single-trial EEG signals evoked by each of the three methods. The classification results of the EEG signals evoked by our method were superior to those of the other two methods. Significance. In summary, the results indicate that the proposed method can significantly enhance the object detection performance in RSVP-based sequences.

Spiral scanning improves subject fixation in widefield retinal imaging.

Point scanning retinal imaging modalities, including confocal scanning light ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) and optical coherence tomography, suffer from fixational motion artifacts. Fixation targets, though effective at reducing eye motion, are infeasible in some applications (e.g., handheld devices) due to their bulk and complexity. Here, we report on a cSLO device that scans the retina in a spiral pattern under pseudo-visible illumination, thus collecting image data while simultaneously projecting, into the subject's vision, the image of a bullseye, which acts as a virtual fixation target. An imaging study of 14 young adult volunteers was conducted to compare the fixational performance of this technique to that of raster scanning, with and without a discrete inline fixation target. Image registration was used to quantify subject eye motion; a strip-wise registration method was used for raster scans, and a novel, to the best of our knowledge, ring-based method was used for spiral scans. Results indicate a statistically significant reduction in eye motion by the use of spiral scanning as compared to raster scanning without a fixation target.

Long-term sequelae of normocephalic pansynostosis: a rare but insidious entity.

Patients with normocephalic pansynostosis, who have a grossly normal head shape, are often overlooked early in life and present late with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) requiring timely cranial vault expansion. This study evaluates the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with normocephalic pansynostosis. We retrospectively reviewed patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of primary pansynostosis who underwent vault reconstruction between 2000 and 2023. Clinical and treatment course after craniofacial interventions was followed in patients with normocephaly to assess outcomes. Thirty-five patients with primary pansynostosis were identified, of which eight (23.5%) had normocephaly and underwent initial vault expansion at a mean age of 5.0 ± 2.4years. All eight patients (50.0% male) presented with symptoms of elevated ICP including headaches (50.0%), nausea and vomiting (50.0%), and developmental delay (62.5%) and/or signs of elevated ICP including papilledema (75.0%) and radiologic thumbprinting on head computed tomography scan (87.5%). Three of the four normocephalic patients who had over 7 years of postoperative follow-up developed subjective headaches, vision changes, or learning and behavioral issues in the long-term despite successful vault reconstruction. Our longitudinal experience with this rare but insidious entity demonstrates the importance of timely intervention and frequent postoperative monitoring, which are critical to limiting long-term neurological sequelae. Multidisciplinary care by craniofacial surgery, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and neuropsychology with follow-up into adolescence are recommended to assess for possible recurrence of elevated ICP secondary to cranio-cerebral disproportion.

Putting the Place in Flow Restructures: Networks, Assembled Positionalities, and the Special Economic Zone Development

This article attempts to further develop the positionality of place through aggregated effects of vision construction by different positioned actants. We attempt to integrate two concepts: the feminist positionality that stresses the subjects’ situatedness in networks and their relational power of vision constructions in host places and the networking behavior of brokers with their exclusive connections to small world clusters, as argued by international relations network analysis. Our attempts at the bodily level of situated and subjective vision construction aim to address two challenges: first, how to address the entanglement of geopolitics and biopolitics, and second, how do encounters account for the power of a place premised on its areal resources through the behavior of brokers. The institutionalization of special economic zone development in Cambodia, from the introduction of new norms to law-making and planning, is chosen as a case for its dynamic process.

Cinécriture Féminine: Female Subjectivity in Varda’s Cléo from 5 to 7 (1962) in Comparison with Godard’s Films

This article aims to reinstall the understated significance of female auteur Agnès Varda in French New Wave cinema. By analyzing distinctions in cinematography and characterization between Varda’s film Cléo from 5 to 7 (1962) and Jean-Luc Godard’s oeuvre from the same period, I argue that Cléo from 5 to 7 advanced a vision of female subjectivity that controverted the construction of silenced female characters in Godard’s films. With her feminist pen of cinécriture, or “film-writing,” Varda challenged the prevalent androcentrism in the New Wave and pioneered second wave feminism in France.

Vision Impairment and Psychosocial Function in US Adults

Vision impairment and psychosocial function, including symptoms of depression and anxiety and social isolation, are a major cause of morbidity in the US. However, there is a lack of nationally representative studies assessing associations between both objective and subjective vision impairment with psychosocial function following the COVID-19 pandemic. To provide updated national estimates on the associations of vision impairment with depressive and anxiety symptoms and social isolation in US adults 65 years and older. This was a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study round 9 (2019) and 11 (2021), a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Binocular distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity were tested. Objectively measured vision impairment was defined as having vision impairment in either distance visual acuity (worse than 20/40), near visual acuity (worse than 20/40), or contrast sensitivity (worse than 1.55 logCS). Self-reported vision impairment was defined based on participants' report on their vision status. Data were analyzed in May 2023. Depressive and anxiety symptoms assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire. Social isolation was defined based on living arrangement, communication frequency, and activity participation responses. Among 2822 community-dwelling adults sampled from a population of 26 182 090, the mean (SD) age was 78.5 (5.6) years; 1605 individuals (54.7%) were female; 1077 (32.3%) had objectively measured vision impairment, and 203 (6.4%) had self-reported vision impairment. In adjusted models, all outcomes were significantly associated with objectively measured vision impairment, including depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.81; 95% CI, 1.26-2.58), anxiety symptoms (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.13-2.67), and severe social isolation (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.05-3.87). Similarly, depressive symptoms (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.44-3.88) and anxiety symptoms (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.09-4.05) but not severe social isolation symptoms (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.78-5.49) were significantly associated with self-reported vision impairment. In this study, vision impairment was associated with several psychosocial outcomes, including symptoms of depression and anxiety and social isolation. These findings provide evidence to support prioritizing research aimed at enhancing the health and inclusion of people with vision impairment.

Dunhuang murals image restoration method based on generative adversarial network

AbstractMurals are an important part of China’s cultural heritage. After more than a 1000 years of exposure to the sun and wind, most of these ancient murals have become mottled, with damage such as cracking, mold, and even large-scale detachment. It is an urgent work to restore these damaged murals. The technique of digital restoration of mural images refers to the reconstruction of structures and textures to virtually fill in the damaged areas of the image. Existing digital restoration methods have the problems of incomplete restoration and distortion of local details. In this paper, we propose a generative adversarial network model combining a parallel dual convolutional feature extraction depth generator and a ternary heterogeneous joint discriminator. The generator network is designed with the mechanism of parallel extraction of image features by vanilla convolution and dilated convolution, capturing multi-scale features simultaneously, and reasonable parameter settings reduce the loss of image information. A pixel-level discriminator is proposed to identify the pixel-level defects of the captured image, and its joint global discriminator and local discriminator discriminate the generated image at different levels and granularities. In this paper, we create the Dunhuang murals dataset and validate our method on this dataset, and the experimental results show that the method of this paper has an overall improvement in the evaluation metrics of PSNR and SSIM compared with the comparative methods. The restored resultant image is more in line with the subjective vision of human beings, which achieves the effective restoration of mural images.

Relationships Between Success Factors in Daily Disposable Multifocal Contact Lenses.

To explore links between subjective comfort and vision in habitual multifocal soft contact lens (MFCL) wearers when refit with daily disposable MFCLs, to determine which factors are relevant for success with MFCLs and evaluate consistency between MFCLs of different designs. This work examined subjective measures in a randomised, participant masked, bilateral wear crossover study at five optometry practices. Fifty-eight habitual MFCL wearers wore stenfilcon A multifocal (stenA-MF; CooperVision Inc) and delefilcon A multifocal (delA-MF; Alcon) for two-weeks. Subjective ratings included satisfaction with comfort and vision and agreement questions. Agreement with "I would like to wear this MFCL in the future" was taken to indicate success with each MFCL; agreement was significantly higher with stenA-MF. There was strong correlation between agreement responses for "I would like to wear this MFCL in the future" and "MFCL met my needs for vision" with both lenses (p<0.01). However, it was only with stenA-MF, which had higher agreement responses to both statements (p<0.05), that responses to these two statements correlated with satisfaction with end-of-day (EOD) comfort (p<0.01). These differences in correlations between the two lenses are seemingly driven by greater satisfaction with stenA-MF for near and intermediate vision (p<0.05). Subjective vision and comfort were only correlated when vision met the needs of most participants. Meeting participants' needs for vision correlated strongly with wanting to wear a MFCL. Results indicate that meeting vision needs is more important than meeting comfort needs when influencing whether presbyopic patients continue wearing MFCLs.