Subjective Grading Research Articles

Facts that Influence College Students’ Reading Motivation

This study investigated American college students’ reading motivation. A total of 1,437 (533 male and 904 female) college students across interdisciplinary areas voluntarily participated in the study by completing a self-reported survey. Two major research questions were addressed in this study. The first question investigated American college students’ reading motivation by the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) variables of self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and social motivation. The second question asked what variables influence American college students’ motivation to read by comparing gender, classification, age, race, language backgrounds, grades in major subjects and minor subjects. Descriptive analysis indicated that the mean scores of the extrinsic motivation scale (3.07) were higher than those of intrinsic motivation (3.05), self-efficacy (3.04) and social motivation (2.35) scales. A multiple linear regression statistical analysis confirmed that gender, age, classification, grade, race, and primary language were significant factors in college students’ motivation to read. Keywords: college students, reading motivation, MRQ

A Portable E-Nose Endowed With Subjective Evaluation Function of Air Quality in Vehicles

In-vehicle air pollution, especially the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants, is an important source of passenger discomforts and consumer complaints. In this work, we designed a portable instrument based on an electronic nose (e-nose) to address the task of subjective assessment of in-vehicle air quality (IAQ). Our instrument consists of three modules: 1) the preconcentrating module that concentrates the VOCs to detectable level through adsorption and desorption; 2) the sensing module that measures the odor fingerprints of the target gas with an array of metal oxide semiconductor sensors; 3) the processing module that classifies the measured responses into the corresponding subjective grades via a stacking-based ensemble learning method. A dataset for subjective IAQ assessment was built to train and test the e-nose, which contains gas sample responses measured by the instrument and labels obtained by jury tests. Grading experiment results validated the practical performance of the proposed instrument as a direct case of narrowing gaps between objective assessments and subjective perceptions based on instrumentation.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ СТУДЕНТОВ

Assessment of student learning outcomes is the most important part of the learning process. The progress of students can be determined on the basis of obtaining nal grades in certain subjects. The nal marks of students can be used to predict their future achievements.The issues of assessing the formed competencies of students within the studied disciplines and educational program of the specialty are considered.A conditional model for determining the achievements of student learning outcomes is proposed. The process of assessing students› competencies within the discipline and educational program is presented.

Fluctuation of academic performance of medical students selected by affirmative action policies (PIMESP)

Abstract: Introduction: Almost 20 years since the beginning of affirmative action implementation, there is still much discussion about the real effectiveness of these measures, especially regarding academic performance, comparing “quota holders” to “non-quota holders”, with doubts arising about whether the former can keep up with the latter. Objective: To establish a profile and compare the academic performance and other aspects related to the academic life of “quota holder” students (Inclusion Program with Merit in Public Higher Education in São Paulo - PIMESP) with the other students in their respective classes selected via broad competition (BC). Method: Retrospective cohort of 1st to 3rd-year medical students, divided in BC or PIMESP. The following were assessed: arithmetic mean of the final grades of the curricular subjects; final approval status (FAS) in the subjects; frequency; books borrowed from the library (BBLi) and participation in monitoring/academic center. Continuous variables were compared by Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney test and categorical by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Values p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of the 237 students included in the sample, all had completed the 1st year (2015, 2016 and 2017 entrants), 158 students (2015 and 2016 entrants) the 1st and 2nd years, and 78 (32.9%) had completed the 3rd year (2015 entrants) at the time of the survey. In the analysis of all those who had completed the 1st year, where 16% were PIMESP, there was a difference in mean final grades and FAS, higher for BC students and no difference for attendance, BBLi, participation in monitoring and academic center. In the analysis of those who had completed the 2nd year, where 15.8% were PIMESP, there was no difference between any of the studied variables. The analysis of those who had completed the 3rd year, where 15.4% were PIMESP, once again showed difference between the averages of final grades and FAS, higher for BC students, but with a less marked difference, and there were no significant differences for the other variables. Conclusion: We observed a fluctuation of academic performance among PIMESP students, towards inferior outcomes, when compared to BC students, throughout the first three years of medical school, but not for other variables. No increase in the dropout rate was observed, contrary to what is found in the literature.

LEVEL OF SPEAKING PROFICIENCY AND PROFILE FACTORS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The study aimed to determine the speaking proficiency of the students along the following language components: content, fluency, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. It also determined the students’ sociographic profile, academic profile, and affective profile. Frequency distribution, percentages, means and Pearson Moment Correlation were used to describe the results of the study. The result revealed that Most of the respondents are 17 years old, females and they speak Waray at home. Their most available learning materials at home are books. More than half of the students take Technical-vocational track and their general average in all English subjects is at a Very Satisfactory level. The students’ attitude towards speaking English is favorable and their motivation to speak English and self-confidence are high. The students' level of speaking skill is proficient in terms of pronunciation, but only moderately proficient in terms of content, fluency, grammar, and vocabulary. Their overall average in all English-related subjects is significantly correlated with their degree of speaking skill in terms of content, fluency, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. Hence, it is recommended that English teachers should provide varied and communicative speaking activities which focus on the development of content, fluency, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. Students are encouraged to participate actively on the activities given by the teacher to attain better grades in all English subjects.

The correspondence between PISA performance and school achievement in Finland

In the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the key knowledge and skills needed in modern society are assessed. So far, however, little is known on the relationship between PISA performance and school achievement. Using Finnish PISA 2015 and 2018 data combined with the national register of education records, we studied whether there is correspondence between PISA performance and school achievement. The results showed that the correspondence between PISA performance and school achievement is moderate. The PISA proficiency scores correlated not only with the corresponding grades but also with the grades of other theoretical subjects, indicating that the PISA test assesses a wide range of school achievement. PISA proficiency was related to grades even after controlling for gender and SES.

Fluctuation of academic performance of medical students selected by affirmative action policies (PIMESP)

Abstract: Introduction: Almost 20 years since the beginning of affirmative action implementation, there is still much discussion about the real effectiveness of these measures, especially regarding academic performance, comparing “quota holders” to “non-quota holders”, with doubts arising about whether the former can keep up with the latter. Objective: To establish a profile and compare the academic performance and other aspects related to the academic life of “quota holder” students (Inclusion Program with Merit in Public Higher Education in São Paulo - PIMESP) with the other students in their respective classes selected via broad competition (BC). Method: Retrospective cohort of 1st to 3rd-year medical students, divided in BC or PIMESP. The following were assessed: arithmetic mean of the final grades of the curricular subjects; final approval status (FAS) in the subjects; frequency; books borrowed from the library (BBLi) and participation in monitoring/academic center. Continuous variables were compared by Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney test and categorical by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Values p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of the 237 students included in the sample, all had completed the 1st year (2015, 2016 and 2017 entrants), 158 students (2015 and 2016 entrants) the 1st and 2nd years, and 78 (32.9%) had completed the 3rd year (2015 entrants) at the time of the survey. In the analysis of all those who had completed the 1st year, where 16% were PIMESP, there was a difference in mean final grades and FAS, higher for BC students and no difference for attendance, BBLi, participation in monitoring and academic center. In the analysis of those who had completed the 2nd year, where 15.8% were PIMESP, there was no difference between any of the studied variables. The analysis of those who had completed the 3rd year, where 15.4% were PIMESP, once again showed difference between the averages of final grades and FAS, higher for BC students, but with a less marked difference, and there were no significant differences for the other variables. Conclusion: We observed a fluctuation of academic performance among PIMESP students, towards inferior outcomes, when compared to BC students, throughout the first three years of medical school, but not for other variables. No increase in the dropout rate was observed, contrary to what is found in the literature.

Three-dimensional muscle loss assessment: a novel computed tomography–based quantitative method to evaluate rotator cuff muscle fatty infiltration

Rotator cuff fatty infiltration (FI) is one of the most important parameters to predict the outcome of certain shoulder conditions. The primary objective of this study was to define a new computed tomography (CT)-based quantitative 3-dimensional (3D) measure of muscle loss (3DML) based on the rationale of the 2-dimensional (2D) qualitative Goutallier score. The secondary objective of this study was to compare this new measurement method to traditional 2D qualitative assessment of FI according to Goutallier etal and to a 3D quantitative measurement of fatty infiltration (3DFI). 102 CT scans from healthy shoulders (46) and shoulders with cuff tear arthropathy (21), irreparable rotator cuff tears (18), and primary osteoarthritis (17) were analyzed by 3 experienced shoulder surgeons for subjective grading of fatty infiltration according to Goutallier, and their rotator cuff muscles were manually segmented. Quantitative 3D measurements of fatty infiltration (3DFI) were completed. The volume of muscle fibers without intramuscular fat was then calculated for each rotator cuff muscle and normalized to the patient's scapular volume to account for the effect of body size (NVfibers). 3D muscle mass (3DMM) was calculated by dividing the NVfibers value of a given muscle by the mean expected volume in healthy shoulders. 3D muscle loss (3DML) was defined as 1 - (3DMM). The correlation between Goutallier grading, 3DFI, and 3DML was compared using a Spearman rank correlation. Interobserver reliability for the traditional 2D Goutallier grading was moderate for the infraspinatus (ISP, 0.42) and fair for the supraspinatus (SSP, 0.38), subscapularis (SSC, 0.27) and teres minor (TM, 0.27). 2D Goutallier grading was found to be significantly and highly correlated with 3DFI (SSP, 0.79; ISP, 0.83; SSC, 0.69; TM, 0.45) and 3DML (SSP, 0.87; ISP, 0.85; SSC, 0.69; TM, 0.46) for all 4 rotator cuff muscles (P < .0001). This correlation was significantly higher for 3DML than for the 3DFI for SSP only (P = .01). The mean values of 3DFI and 3DML were 0.9% and 5.3% for Goutallier 0, 2.9% and 25.6% for Goutallier 1, 11.4% and 49.5% for Goutallier 2, 20.7% and 59.7% for Goutallier 3, and 29.3% and 70.2% for Goutallier 4, respectively. The Goutallier score has been helping surgeons by using 2D CT scan slices. However, this grading is associated with suboptimal interobserver agreement. The new measures we propose provide a more consistent assessment that correlates well with Goutallier's principles. As 3DML measurements incorporate atrophy and fatty infiltration, they could become a very reliable index for assessing shoulder muscle function. Future algorithms capable of automatically calculating the 3DML of the cuff could help in the decision process for cuff repair and the choice of anatomic or reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Operative difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: considering the role of machine learning platforms in clinical practice

Aim: Computer vision is a subset of machine learning (ML) technology that allows automated analysis of large operative video datasets. The aim of this study was to use a commercially available ML-driven platform to evaluate a subjective grading of operative difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: Patients undergoing LC prospectively consented, and their operations were recorded. The intra-operative findings were prospectively graded (1-4) based on intraoperative gallbladder appearance assessments. Deidentified videos were uploaded to Touch SurgeryTMand run through the platform’s algorithm, providing automated analytics including the total operative length and operative phase length. The rate of critical view of safety (CVS) achievement was also included in the analysis. Results: 206 LC were included. 27 LC were excluded due to incomplete video recording and were therefore not amenable to the final data analysis. Grade 1 and 2 patients had significantly shorter operative time than grade 3 and 4 patients [17min and 53s (IQR 15min and 24s- 21min and 38s) vs. 25 min and 49s (IQR 20min and 12s-38min and 38s) (P &lt; 0.010)]. The operative phases for each step were significantly longer in patients with gallbladders graded 3 or 4 compared to those patients graded 1 or 2 (P &lt; 0.043). The CVS was achieved in 94% of grade 1 patients, 88% of grade 2 patients, 85% of grade 3 patients and 73% of grade 4 patients (P = 0.177). Conclusion: Increased operative time and decreased ability to achieve the CVS with more difficult intraoperative findings supports the utility of the proposed grading system. ML in surgery is a nascent field, but this study demonstrates the potential of commercially available platforms for use in operative analytics, documentation, audit and training of future surgeons.

Selecting Euploid Embryos for Transfer by Preimplantation Genetic Testing with the Help of Next-Generation Sequencing in Poor Prognosis Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

ABSTRACTBackground:The current embryo selection methods rely on subjective grading of embryo morphology or a real-time monitoring of the embryonic development and assessment of multiple quantitative endpoints. Even up to 40% of morphologically normal embryos harbour aneuploidies. Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a technology, which gives opportunity to identify euploid embryos before implantation.Aims:This study seeks to determine the role of PGT in poor prognosis patients, i.e., patients with advanced maternal age (AMA) (maternal age ≥35 years), recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) (miscarriages ≥2) and recurrent implantation failures (RIFs) (in vitro fertilisation failures ≥3).Study Setting and Design:A retrospective case–control study was done on a group of patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection for the indications of AMA, RPL and RIF.Materials and Methods:In 33 cases who opted for PGT, day 5 blastocysts were subjected to trophectoderm biopsy with the help of next-generation sequencing. Euploid blastocyst was transferred in hormone replacement cycle at a later date. In 154 controls, blastocyst transfer was done based on morphological grading. Pregnancy outcomes are compared in terms of implantation rate, pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and multiple pregnancy rate.Statistical Analysis:Chi-square test was used for comparisons between the study groups with respect to percentage. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The highest aneuploidy rate was found in embryos with AMA. Implantation rate was found to be statistically significantly higher in the PGT group as compared to the non-PGT group. However, take-home baby rates were not improved by PGT. There were less number of mean embryos transferred in the PGT group and lower multiple pregnancy rate.Conclusions:With the application of PGT, embryo selection rates and implantation rates improved in poor prognosis patients.

Analisis Butir Soal Ulangan Semester Ganjil Mata Pelajaran Matematika Kelas VIII SMP

This study aims to know the quality of Grain Analysis of Odd Semester Test Questions Of Mathematics Subjects Grade VIII at State Junior High School 1 Kediri In The Academic Year 2018/2019 which is reviewed in terms of Validity, Reliability, Difficulty Level, Differentiating Power, and Effectiveness of Phishing. This is a descriptive research. The result of this research shows that: in terms of Validity, the amount of valid questions up to 14 points of the question (70%) and invalid question are up to 6 points of question (30%); in terms of Reliability, including questions that have high reliability is with a coefficient 0.79; in terms of Difficulty Level, the number of questions that are include in the difficult categorythere are 2 points (10%), which belongs to the moderate category there are 17 items (85%), and include in easy category there is 1 item(5%); in terms of Differentiating power, the number of problems categorized as very bad as 1 item (5%), bad category as much as 1 item (5%), categorized enough as many as 9 points (45%), good category as much as 6 items (30%) and very high category 3 items (15%); reviewed in terms of Effectiveness of phishing, there are 15 points of question (75%) with excellent outwits, 5 points of question (25%) with a good phishing, 0 point problem (0%) with a less bad phishing and with a bad phishing 0 point problem (0%).

DAMPAK POSITIF DISCOVERY LEARNING MODELS TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN DASAR BERHITUNG SISWA

Primary school students' numeracy skills require learning stages following student development. Ignorance of the formula with mastery of calculating material is an obstacle, especially in the Covid-19 pandemic conditions. Model discovery learning can apply to online learning conditions. The research goal is to improve numeracy skills through discovery learning models (MDL). We applied classroom action research with study subject grade IV students. MLD with the numeracy skill discuss in this research. The application of the research was two cycles. This study's data collection methods were observation and tests in observation sheets and test questions. Data analysis using descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. The findings showed that the use of MLD could improve the numeracy skills of students of primary school. The development of the first cycle is the value of MDL implementation of 87% with the rata-rata value of the numeracy ability of students of 94 and the acquisition of the result of the second cycle is the value of the implementation of the MLD of 95% with the rata-rata of the numeracy ability of the students of 97. Increasing numeracy skills with the application of MLD can be applied to primary school students. The role of guidance and counselling teachers with primary school teachers in collaboration develops students' numeracy skills in the digital era.

Improvement of depiction of the intracranial arteries on brain CT angiography using deep learning reconstruction.

To evaluate the ability of a commercialized deep learning reconstruction technique to depict intracranial vessels on the brain computed tomography angiography and compare the image quality with filtered-back-projection and hybrid iterative reconstruction in terms of objective and subjective measures. Forty-three patients underwent brain computed tomography angiography, and images were reconstructed using three algorithms: filtered-back-projection, hybrid iterative reconstruction, and deep learning reconstruction. The image noise, computed tomography attenuation value, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio were measured in the bilateral cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery, vertebral artery, basilar apex, horizontal segment of the middle cerebral artery and used for the objective assessment of the image quality among the three different reconstructions. The subjective image quality score was significantly higher for the deep learning reconstruction than hybrid iterative reconstruction and filtered-back-projection images. The deep learning reconstruction markedly improved the reduction of blooming artifacts in surgical clips and coiled aneurysms. The deep learning reconstruction method generally improves the image quality of brain computed tomography angiography in terms of objective measurement and subjective grading compared with filtered-back-projection and hybrid iterative reconstruction. Especially, deep learning reconstruction is deemed advantageous for better depiction of small vessels compared to filtered-back projection and hybrid iterative reconstruction.

Computed tomographic evaluation of bone tunnel enlargement following single bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring autograft

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;The purpose of this study is to evaluate tibial and femoral tunnel diameter following single bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and correlation between tunnel enlargement and clinical outcome. Twelve patients who underwent primary arthroscopic single bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring graft were included in prospective case series. Preoperative clinical evaluation was performed using international knee documentation committee (IKDC) subjective score and grade, Tegner knee score and Lysholm knee score. Computed tomography (CT) evaluation of the femoral and tibial tunnels were done on post-operative day (POD) 1 and at a mean follow up of 9 months (range 7-12 months) and were compared with functional scores. Our study shows significant tibial and femoral tunnel enlargement on CT scan at 9 months (range 7-12 months) postoperatively. All the clinical evaluation scales showed improvement postoperatively. The mean average femoral tunnel diameter increased significantly (p&amp;lt;0.001) from 8.17±0.57 to 9.08±0.660 (10%) and tibial tunnel diameter increased significantly (p&amp;lt;0.001) from 8.08±0.669 to 9.07±0.601 (11%) postoperatively at a mean follow up of 9 months (range 7-12 months). No statistically significant difference between tunnel enlargement and clinical values were found. In our current prospective CT based study, we conclude use of extracortical fixation of femoral tunnel with stronger fixation of the tibial tunnel, tunnel orientation and anatomic fixation close to the joint line along with less aggressive rehabilitation protocol with use of extension knee brace may result in minimization of tunnel widening with quadrupled hamstring autograft.&lt;/p&gt;

Does Learning English Require Grit? Examining the Differential Effects on Grades in Core Subjects

Research indicates that beliefs on the locus of the primary source of learning can have negative effects on learning behaviors in school (Mercer &amp; Ryan, 2011). To an increasing extent, young people in Sweden acquire English outside school through different cultural practices (Sundqvist &amp; Sylvén, 2012). At the same time, students lack enthusiasm in English lessons, which can lead to a reduced investment of effort in the language classroom (Henry, 2014). However, learning a language requires both interest and effort. In psychological research, the capacity of showing consistency in interest and perseverance to achieve a goal, such as learning a language, is defined as grit (Duckworth et al., 2007). Studies investigating the association between grit and language achievement remain scarce. The present study contributes to filling this gap by investigating whether the effects of grit differ across different performance domains (i.e., English, Swedish and Mathematics). An additional purpose is to investigate whether there are differential effects of grit for subgroups of students with different SES, achievement levels, and gender. A total of 4646 compulsory school students born in 1992 were extracted from the Evaluation Through Follow-up Database (ETF). Multiple-group path analysis was used to examine the mechanisms of the grit facets (i.e., interest and perseverance) across time and subgroups. While both interest and perseverance predicted grades in Swedish and Mathematics, interest alone predicted grades in English. The low SES high achieving group also showed higher consistency in interest and perseverance than the other groups, indicating that grit could be more valuable in face of adversities.

Diagnostics and Therapy of Idiopathic Facial Palsy (Bell's Palsy)

The purpose of this review is to report the knowledge for otolaryngologists on standard of care, latest advances, interesting new findings and controversies about the treatment of Bell's palsy. This review is focusing on the acute phase of the disease. The chronic phase, with incomplete, incorrect or no recovery of the palsy, is described briefly. Treatment with prednisolone alone within 72 hours after onset still is the cornerstone of the treatment. The role of antivirals still is unclear. Since 2009 no new and breakthrough clinical trials with influence on the treatment standards have been performed. A study to clarify the role of prednisolone treatment in children is ongoing. Patient-related outcome measures like the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation Scale and the Facial Disability Index are important tools to assess the subjective severity of the disease and psychosocial impact of Bell's palsy next to the motor deficits. Simplified subjective electronic grading systems like the eFACE and first automated image analysis systems have been introduced. Studies clarifying the role of antivirals for severe cases are urgently needed as well as studies on the role of salvage second line therapy after insufficient response to initial corticosteroid treatment. An international consensus on the outcome measures in diagnostics and follow-up is also needed.

Unsatisfied today, satisfied tomorrow: A simulation framework for performance evaluation of crowdsourcing-based network monitoring

Network operators need to continuously upgrade their infrastructures in order to keep their customer satisfaction levels high. Crowdsourcing-based approaches are generally adopted, where customers are directly asked to answer surveys about their experience. Since the number of collaborative users is generally low, network operators rely on Machine Learning models to predict the satisfaction levels/QoE of the users rather than directly measuring it through surveys. Finally, combining the true/predicted users satisfaction labels with information on each user mobility (e.g, which network sites each user has visited and for how long), an operator may reveal critical areas in the network and drive/prioritize investments properly. In this work, we propose an empirical framework tailored to assess the quality of the detection of under-performing cells starting from subjective user experience grades. The framework allows to simulate diverse networking scenarios, where a network characterized by a small set of under-performing cells is visited by heterogeneous users moving through it according to realistic mobility models. The framework simulates both the processes of satisfaction surveys delivery and users satisfaction prediction, considering different delivery strategies and evaluating prediction algorithms characterized by different prediction performance. We use the simulation framework to test empirically the performance of under-performing sites detection in general scenarios characterized by different users density and mobility models to obtain insights which are generalizable and that provide interesting guidelines for network operators.

Machine learning to predict incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis over 8 Years using combined MR imaging features, demographics, and clinical factors: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

To develop a machine learning-based prediction model for incident radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee over 8 years using MRI-based cartilage biochemical composition and knee joint structure, demographics, and clinical predictors including muscle strength and symptoms. Individuals (n=1,044) with baseline Kellgren Lawrence (KL) grade 0-1 in the right knee from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database were analyzed. 3T MRI at baseline was used to quantify knee cartilage T2, and Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scores (WORMS) were obtained for cartilage, meniscus, and bone marrow. The outcome was set as true if a subject developed KL grade 2-4 OA in the right knee over 8 years (n=183) and false if the subject remained at KL 0-1 over 8 years (n=861). We developed and compared three models: Model 1: 112 predictors based on OA risk factors; Model 2: top ten predictors based on feature importance score from Model 1 and clinical relevance; Model 3: Model 2 without the imaging predictors. We compared the models using the area under the ROC curve derived from hold-out data. The 10-predictor model (Model 2, that includes cartilage and meniscus WORMS scores and cartilage T2) had a slightly lower AUC (0.772) compared to the model with 112 predictors (Model 1: AUC=0.792, p=0.739); and had a significantly higher AUC compared to the model without MR imaging predictors (Model 3, AUC=0.669, p=0.011). A 10-predictor model including MRI parameters coupled with demographics, symptoms, muscle, and physical activity scores provides good prediction of incident radiographic OA over 8 years.

Objective grading facial paralysis severity using a dynamic 3D stereo photogrammetry imaging system

Facial paralysis is a loss of facial movement due to nerve damage. It is essential for clinicians to diagnose the severity of the facial paralysis to treat patients, assess progresses and evaluate outcomes. Subjective assessments are common in clinical practices but have their limitations regarding the intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility. We utilised the dynamic 3D stereo photogrammetry technology for the objective grading of facial paralysis by measuring regional facial asymmetries. The correlations between the measured asymmetries and scores of a modified Sunnybrook facial paralysis grading were evaluated to identify the region of interests of objective measurements closely related to the subjective grades. Categorical classifiers were trained to quantify the severity of the facial paralysis. Preliminary results showed that the objective asymmetry measurements were highly correlated to the subjective assessments of facial paralysis except the eye region. Machine learning approaches showed a potential of improving the accuracy of severity assessments.

Dose Escalation Study of GCC19CART CoupledCAR ® Technology for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Colorectal Cancer

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in hematologic malignancies but limited success in solid tumors. GCC19CART, the first clinical candidate from the CoupledCAR ® solid tumor platform, targets guanylate cyclase-C (GCC) which is expressed in colorectal cancers. A Phase 1 investigator-initiated dose escalation trial is underway in China for patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Data presented here are from a single participating institution.Methods: Subjects with relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer are screened for GCC expression, with 70% to 80% of subjects expected to demonstrate GCC per historical data. Subjects undergo leukapheresis, a single dose of lymphodepleting chemotherapy (fludarabine 30mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 300mg/m2) 3 days prior to infusion, and then administration of a single infusion of GCC19CART at one of three doses of 1x10 6, 2x10 6, or 3x10 6 cells/kg. Endpoints are safety and preliminary evidence of efficacy as determined by CT or PET/CT per RECIST1.1 or PERCIST 1.0.Results: 5 subjects have been enrolled to dose level 1 (1x10 6 cells/kg) and 5 subjects have been enrolled to dose level 2 (2x10 6 cells/kg) and have a 1-month post-infusion imaging study available for review. The most common adverse events were cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in 10/10 subjects (Grade 1 9/10 (90%) or Grade 2 1/10 (10%)) and diarrhea in 10/10 subjects (Grade 1 3/10 (30%) Grade 2 1/10 (10%) Grade 3 6/10 (60%)). Neurotoxicity was observed in 1/10 (10%) subjects at Grade 4 and resolved with corticosteroids. The combined overall response rate (ORR) for both dose levels was 50% (5/10). For dose level 1, the overall response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1 was 40% (2/5). Two subjects demonstrated a partial response (PR) while an additional subject had partial metabolic response (PMR) on PET/CT with stable disease (SD) per RECIST 1.1. For dose level 2, The ORR per RECIST 1.1 was 60% (3/5). 3 subjects demonstrated a PR (2 at month 1, 1 at month 3 after being SD at month 1) and an additional subject had PMR on PET/CT with SD per RECIST 1.1.Conclusions: GCC19CART demonstrated meaningful clinical activity and an acceptable safety profile in relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. This trial is ongoing and updated data will be presented. A United States based Phase 1 trial of GCC19CART is anticipated for early 2022. DisclosuresPu: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Current Employment. Zhu: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Current Employment. Huang: https://www.accme.org/accreditation-rules/standards-for-integrity-independence-accredited-ce/eligibility: Current Employment. Tang: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Current Employment. Jia: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Current Employment. Chen: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Current Employment. Kennedy: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Current Employment. Wu: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Current Employment. Xiao: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Current Employment.