Subjective Evaluation Research Articles

Nasal Tip Reshaping in Orthognathic Surgery: A Novel Intraoral Minimally Invasive Approach.

Current concepts in orthognathic surgery focus on not just rectifying dentoskeletal irregularities but also improving facial aesthetic and function. In this respect, nasal reshaping holds extraordinary significance in determining surgery effectiveness and patient satisfaction. Facial preoperative evaluations emphasize the paramount functional and aesthetic impacts of caudal septum in tip reshaping. Deviations in this anatomical subunit could lead to significant nasal obstructions and aesthetic changes as twisted nasal tip, affecting projection, rotation, and columellar-alar relationship. These considerations are essential in orthofacial surgery, as maxillary movements might exacerbate or worsen preexisting nasal tip deformity. In this paper, we aim to describe a novel and innovative minimally invasive approach presenting a detailed account of a rhinoseptoplasty in which the entire nasal tip reshaping procedure was performed intraorally during orthognathic surgery. The technique focused on achieving optimal nasal tip projection and rotation, centering, and stabilization through strategic maneuvers such as incremental dissection of maxillary spine chondroperiosteal junction, superoposterior strut preservation, vertical and caudal septum resection, and anterior nasal spine tip support. Techniques including subnasal drilling and septal stabilization suture are detailed. Specific attention is given to addressing deficiencies in posterior septal angle and labiocolumellar relationship. Postoperative care is described and subjective evaluations were performed to assess patient and surgeon satisfaction with facial symmetry and overall aesthetic improvements. In our experience, the described approach offers valuable surgical finesse to orthognathic surgery, effectively targeting caudal septum deviations and nasal tip droopy. Its unique perspective enhances both functional and aesthetic results, particularly in the context of profiloplasty. No external nasal incision was performed and the totality of nasal tip reshaping was scarless and performed through an intraoral approach. Surgical precision in execution of this novel and tailored surgical approach has been shown to have a profound impact for enhancing outcomes of orthofacial surgery procedure.

The impact of urban street green transformation on subjective well-being and evaluation of the location: A case study in Vienna, Austria

Urban green landscapes, such as street- and ground-level greenery, are essential for urban populations, enabling frequent and spontaneous interactions with nature in cities. While many cities have increased their green infrastructure and landscapes, their impact on well-being and environmental evaluations needs to be studied more. In the present study, we conducted a field experiment that directly addressed this aspect. Specifically, on two urban streets in Vienna (Austria), we conducted the same structured field experiment during two different periods, during March and May/June in 2022, resulting in different levels of greenery in two urban streets. We aimed to study if and how varying quantities of greenery in urban street landscapes influence subjective well-being in terms of subjective feelings of stress and affective mood, as well as the restorative potential of the locations. Our results showed that, unlike the often-reported positive impact of urban green spaces, the varying amount of greenery on the streets did not positively affect the well-being or the restorative potential of the locations. The results highlight that simply implementing greenery might not be sufficient to induce positive effects. Instead, more intense and dense greenery would be necessary to achieve the desired outcomes.

Recent evaluation and analysis of the clinical effect of two closed treatment methods in children with intracapsular condyle fracture

Objective: To summarize and analyze clinical characteristics of pediatric mandibular condylar fractures and the long-term therapeutic effects of closed treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for pediatric condylar fracture in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from October 2015 to October 2019, including 33 males (67.3%) and 16 females (32.7%), with an average age of (8.3±2.1) years old. According to the treatment methods, the children were divided into two groups: group A was a removable occlusal splint accompanied with functional exercise, group B was a pure functional exercise. Forty-nine cases (76 sides) children with intracapsular condylar fracture were included in this study. Twenty-three cases in group A and 26 cases in group B. The maximum month opening increased from (20.0±6.2) mm to (46.0±5.3) mm 6 months after closed treatment. Subjective evaluation, special examination, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of imaging were used to evaluate the condylar remodeling and functional recovery of temporomandibular joint in two groups of children after closed treatment of intracapsular condyle fracture. Results: There was no significant difference in subjective evaluation, maximum opening examination, mouth open-type, mandibular protrusion, lateral movement and qualitative analysis of imaging at the six-month follow-up after injury. Quantitative imaging measurements showed that the condylar anteroposterior diameter and condylar height in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A after 1 year of injury. Conclusions: Closed treatment for pediatric condylar fractures can achieve satisfactory results. After 6 months of injury, the children in the two groups could recover the temporomandibular joint function and promote the condylar adaptative remodeling.

A life cycle-based comparison study of sludge recycling technology incorporating subjective and objective evaluations

Inadequate land capacity and low sludge recycling rates have become a major global environmental challenge. Low organic sludge content and inadequate waste management policy mean that there is an urgent need to improve sludge solutions in China, which has the world's largest WWT capacity. Decision-makers face difficulties in selecting sustainable sludge-to-resource technologies given the existence of multiple social, environmental and economic objectives, and also in optimizing the allocation of sludge between different available technologies. In this paper we used a combined analytic hierarchic process (AHP) and entropy weight (EW) method to evaluate four recycling technologies: aerobic composting (AC), dry-incineration (DI), hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis (PY), in terms of five economic, environmental and land resource indicators. The results showed that human toxicity was viewed as the most important indicator, while economic value of sludge product was the least important. HTC had the best overall performance of the evaluated technologies while PY was the least attractive. However, all four sludge recycling technologies showed greater potential for reducing carbon emissions and human toxicity than landfilling when sludge dewatering was included. Sensitivity analysis showed that adjustments to AHP weights only had a limited impact on the technical ranking. Finally, the result was further verified by a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Considering capacity constraints, the optimal proportion of the four technologies was found to be 44.9%, 42.7%, 0 and 12.4% for HTC, DI, PY and AC respectively. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of combining subjective and objective methods to evaluate multiple indicators, providing decision-makers with a practical analysis framework for waste technology selection.

Esophageal transit of solid oral dosage forms – impact of different surface materials characterized in vitro and in vivo by MRI in healthy volunteers

Acceptable swallowability and complete esophageal transit are decisive for the safe and effective administration of solid oral dosage forms. This applies in particular to the main user group of medicines, older adults, who often suffer from swallowing difficulties. It is well known that surface properties play an important role in this respect. In the past, this has led to the development of numerous coating formulations for tablets with improved swallowability. However, in vitro and especially in vivo data investigating a positive effect of different coating materials is limited. Therefore, we investigated coating materials being based on polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and a copolymer of methacrylate in respect to their influence on swallowability and esophageal transit of a tablet formulation. They were compared to uncoated tablets as well as to hard gelatin capsules. Three in vitro assays suitable for routine use in pharmaceutical development were performed: i.) Wettability test in artificial saliva; ii.) Swelling measurement in artificial saliva; iii.) Measurement of the adhesion between surface materials and a simulated mucosa surface. All three assays resulted in a differentiation of the surface materials. The coated tablets showed favorable behavior compared to uncoated tablets and hard gelatin capsules. To test the effect of the different materials in vivo, an intervention study was conducted. 36 adults were included and the likeliness of prolonged esophageal transit of (un-)coated tablets as well as a hard gelatin capsule of the same weight was objectively evaluated by means of magnetic resonance imaging. While hard gelatin capsules showed highest rates for prolonged esophageal transit, the tendency for adhesion was reduced for uncoated tablets, and least for coated tablets, i.e., prolonged esophageal transit in 22.2 %, 11.1 %, and ≤5.6 % of the cases, respectively. Further differentiation of the coating materials was not possible. Subjective evaluations of each participant with respect to subjective swallowability and esophageal transit did not correlate well with the objective measurements by means of magnetic resonance imaging. The use of coatings in general has a positive influence on esophageal transit. However, the selection of coating type seems to be of greater importance in respect to patients' oral perception of the dosage forms compared to their influence on the probability for prolonged esophageal transit.

Augmented and virtual reality imaging for collaborative planning of structural cardiovascular interventions: a proof-of-concept and validation study.

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have led to significant advancements in cardiac preoperative planning, shaping the world in profound ways. A noticeable gap exists in the availability of a comprehensive multi-user, multi-device mixed reality application that can be used in a multidisciplinary team meeting. A multi-user, multi-device mixed reality application was developed, supporting AR and VR implementations. Technical validation involved a standardized testing protocol and comparison of AR and VR measurements regarding absolute error and time. Preclinical validation engaged experts in interventional cardiology, evaluating the clinical applicability prior to clinical validation. Clinical validation included patient-specific measurements for five patients in VR compared with standard computed tomography (CT) for preoperative planning. Questionnaires were used at all stages for subjective evaluation. Technical validation, including 106 size measurements, demonstrated an absolute median error of 0.69mm (0.25 to 1.18mm) compared with ground truth. The time to complete the entire task was on average, with VR measurements being faster than AR ( versus , ). On clinical validation of five preoperative patients, there was no statistically significant difference between paired CT and VR measurements (0.58 [95% CI, to 2.74], ). Questionnaires showcased unanimous agreement on the user-friendly nature, effectiveness, and clinical value. The mixed reality application, validated through technical, preclinical, and clinical assessments, demonstrates precision and user-friendliness. Further research of our application is needed to validate the generalizability and impact on patient outcomes.

CT-guided infiltration of the ischiofemoral space in young patients with ischiofemoral impingement is an effective diagnostic tool.

To present our technique of diagnostic CT-guided ischiofemoral space injection and report on pain response, complications, and associated imaging findings in young patients with ischiofemoral impingement (IFI). Retrospective case series of patients with a clinical diagnosis of IFI that underwent CT-guided IFS injection with local anesthetic in a prone position with the feet in maximum internal rotation between 06/2019 and 04/2021. The response was evaluated using maximum subjective pain evaluation on a 0-10 visual analog scale (VAS) during a standardized pre- and postinterventional clinical examination. Patient charts and radiographic imaging data were reviewed to report associated imaging findings and subsequent surgeries. Eleven patients (13 hips, 9 females) with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range; IQR: 25-37 years) were included. Median baseline VAS was 7 points (IQR: 5-8) with a pain reduction of 5 points (IQR: 5-7 points, p = 0.001) after the injection. One patient reported transient ischial nerve paresthesia, otherwise, no complications occurred. Quadratus femoris muscle edema was present in 85% (11 of 13 hips). Excessively high femoral torsion (11/13 hips, 85%) and cam deformities (8/13 hips, 62%) were the most common osseous deformities. Eight of 13 hips (62%) underwent subsequent surgery for IFI. CT-guided diagnostic injection of the ischiofemoral space is safe and feasible. In young IFI patients, diagnostic IFS injections have the potential to improve the differential diagnosis of hip pain and to inform decision-making with regard to a possible benefit of joint-preserving hip surgery. In young patients with hip pain, diagnosis of IFI can be challenging due to concomitant pathologies. Furthermore, surgical treatment in these patients is controversial. In this context, CT-guided diagnostic infiltrations of the ischiofemoral space may facilitate not only the initial diagnosis of IFI, but could also improve surgical decision-making. CT-guided diagnostic injection of local anesthetic in the ischiofemoral space is safe. In young patients with IFI, it leads to subjective pain reduction. In young patients with concomitant osseous deformities, it may improve surgical decision-making.

Questionnaire-based subjective evaluation and analysis of factors influencing the effectiveness of treatment with the vacuum bell in children with pectus excavatum: a cross-sectional observational study.

Vacuum bell (VB) is a technique to treat pectus excavatum in children. Its effectiveness and influencing factors, however, remain under investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect and its influencing factors of VB in children with pectus excavatum. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Parents of children with pectus excavatum who underwent treatment with a VB between January 2018 and December 2019 were recruited. A survey was designed based on previously related studies and delivered to the parents in September-October 2021. The therapeutic effect was analyzed using subjective experiences by parents. Factors related to effectiveness were analyzed through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Of the 77 surveys distributed, 65 (84%) were returned. The mean duration of VB was 23.20 (SD 9.86) months. Caregivers rated the effect of VB treatment as moderate (41.5%), good (46.2%), excellent (12.3%). There were 39 children (60%) who had at least one pause of using VB for more than two weeks. Univariate analysis showed no significant difference between age, height, weight, duration of VB (months) and the effectiveness of VB therapy as defined by caregivers (p > 0.05) and significant difference were observed of the variables "complication of petechiae" (p = 0.034) and "device returned to manufacturer for repair" (p = 0.011). The multivariate logistic regression showed that the occurrence of complication petechiae (p = 0.046) was an influential factor for the effectiveness of VB. The evaluations reported by the parents suggested that the VB treatment was effective, although with varying degrees. The complication of petechiae seems an influencing factor to successful VB treatment in children with pectus excavatum. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term outcome and effect of VB and to improve the device and to reduce complications in order to enhance compliance and improve effectiveness.

Discrepancy between Subjective and Objective Measurements for the Evaluation of Medication Adherence-A Cross-Sectional Study in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases.

Medication adherence is important for the appropriate drug-based treatment in patients with chronic diseases, especially those with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate medication adherence among patients with CVDs using subjective and objective measurements. We enrolled outpatients who visited Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital from June to December 2022. As a subjective measurement, we used a self-reported questionnaire developed by Ueno et al., which consists of 12 questionnaire items grouped into the following four domains: medication compliance (subjective compliance), collaboration with health care providers (collaboration), willingness to access and use information about medication (willingness), and acceptance to take medication and how taking medication fits a patient's lifestyle (acceptance). The pill counting method was used as an objective measurement to calculate the medication adherence rate; Poor Adherence was defined as a medication adherence rate of <100%. Ninety-four patients were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were observed between the patients in the Good and Poor Adherence groups classified by pill counting, an objective indicator; in the subjective evaluation index Ueno scale scores of subjective compliance, collaboration, willingness, and acceptance domains; and in the total score. A multivariate analysis revealed that obesity (odds ratio, 3.527; 95% confidence interval, 1.387-9.423; p = 0.008) was an independent factor associated with Poor Adherence. In conclusion, we found a discrepancy between subjective and objective measurements for the evaluation of medication adherence. Furthermore, obesity was an independent factor associated with poor medication adherence assessed by the pill counting method; thus, patients with CVD and obesity require a careful follow-up.

Indoor environmental evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine clinic – taking the treatment space as an example

ABSTRACT Currently, there are no targeted standards and norms for Chinese medicine clinic diagnosis and treatment space. This study conducted field research in nine Chinese medicine clinics located in Hangzhou. The field research included the measurement of physical environment data in addition to the patients' subjective evaluation of the factors of the physical environment and design within the clinics, followed by statistical data analysis. The results show that the order of importance of physical environment factors in the diagnosis and treatment space was as follows: air quality > sound pressure level > humidity > temperature and the order of importance of the design factors were as follows: access route > supporting facilities > overall style > spatial scale > barrier-free design > cultural atmosphere and the order of importance of the spatial scale factors were as follows: area > the number of beds > window-to-wall ratio > floor height. The study presents the reference values of the physical environment parameters and spatial scale of the Chinese medicine clinics and the importance ranking of each factor.

Advancing research on odor-induced sweetness enhancement: A EEG local-global fusion transformer network for sweetness quantification combined with EEG technology

Reducing sugar intake is crucial for health, and odor sweetening enhances food enjoyment and quality perception. Current research relies on subjective manual sensory evaluations, which are poorly reproducible. Traditional methods also fail to capture dynamic neural responses to odor-induced sweetness. We propose an electroencephalogram local-global fusion transformer network (EEG-LGFNet) model to decode this impact objectively. Electroencephalogram data were collected from 16 subjects under different odor and sucrose stimuli. The model captures complex neural signals by integrating local and global feature extraction mechanisms. Its performance was validated across three-time windows, demonstrating efficacy over various temporal ranges. Analysis of the coefficient of determination across brain regions confirmed the importance of the frontal, central, and parietal areas of sweetness perception. The EEG-LGFNet model excelled in quantifying odor-enhanced sweetness, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art models. This research offers new insights into odor sweetening, with applications in food development, personalized nutrition, and neuroscience.

12559 Objective Versus Subjective Measures Of Reproductive Development And Psychological Well-Being In Peri-Menarcheal Adolescents: A Pilot Study

Abstract Disclosure: K.C. McCormick: None. M.E. Lujan: None. J. Chang: None. L. Ipp: None. A. Alladeen: None. H. Lamar: None. J. Mendle: None. H. Vanden Brink: None. Introduction: Risk of psychopathology emerges during the pubertal and peri-menarcheal years; however objective physiological measures of maturation often differ from adolescents’ own reports of their development. Understanding how psychological symptoms emerge in relation to both objective and subjective evaluations of reproductive development can provide critical insights into mental health risk and variability in psychological symptom severity during the pre-menarcheal and early post-menarcheal years. Methods: 52 females 9-15 years old (n=16 pre-menarcheal, n=36 &amp;lt;2 years post-menarche) underwent a non-fasting blood draw for reproductive hormones (estradiol, anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)), anthropometry, detailed reproductive and menstrual history, and a series of surveys to evaluate depression (CES-DC), anxiety (MASC), perceptions of pubertal-related change (POPS), and transdiagnostic psychological processes (rumination, emotional clarity) which can contribute to, and are risk factors for, psychopathology. Whether psychological symptoms are associated with objective measures (menarche, gynecological age, reproductive hormone concentrations) versus subjective measures (self-reported tanner stage, severity of dysmenorrhea) were contrasted using t-tests and Pearson Correlation Coefficient analyses (JMP Pro (v17)). Results: The majority of participants (26/36 post-menarcheal and 11/16 pre-menarcheal) exceeded the standard cut-off of 15 for depressive symptoms, consistent with research on mental health symptomatology in this cohort of youth. POPS scores were higher (39±10.9) in post-menarcheal versus pre-menarcheal (31±12.6) adolescents indicating post-menarcheal adolescents reported more puberty-linked change in their lives (Pttest=0.04). Lower emotional clarity was associated with higher AMH concentrations (r= -0.27, p=0.0944). Depressive symptoms tended to be greater (27+14.8) in those with moderate dysmenorrhea versus mild/no dysmenorrhea (19±11.1, Pttest=0.08). Depression (r=0.30, p=0.032) and anxiety symptoms (r=0.32, p=0.027), and rumination (r=0.30, p=0.033) were associated with higher self-reported Tanner scores; POPS was trending (r=0.25, p=0.0776). Neither estradiol nor FSH were associated with any measures of psychological well-being. Conclusion: Both objective measures of reproductive development and adolescent self-reports may help providers assess individual vulnerability to internalizing psychopathology, such as depression and anxiety. Additionally, given population level increases in depressive symptoms in adolescents, researchers should avoid utilizing simple cutoffs for depression and anxiety, which lack specificity and overlook critical variability which can further elucidate mental and physical health dynamics. Presentation: 6/2/2024

On the association between noise exposure and annoyance for road and rail traffic noise

There have been a number of small projects in the Oslo area attempting to determine how annoyance relates to noise exposure. There are several possible ways to measure annoyance, some of them are quantitative and some are qualitative. Noise exposure can be measured or calculated with acceptable accuracy in a given position. But it is still uncertain how the evaluation should be performed, as both outdoor and indoor levels should be taken into account. The subjective evaluation of noise immission for an exposed person also depends on other factors beside the physical noise. We will, however, claim that noise is a reasonable proxy for the total environmental exposure for a resident. It would also seem that a subjective evaluation requires grounding in objective facts in order to be useful. There are many possible reasons for a large variation between persons in the perceived annoyance due to the same noise exposure. We suggest a simple model with a wide range of uncertainty as a possible predictor of perceived annoyance within a given neighbourhood.

Simulation of pulse width modulation strategies: validation based on sound quality evaluations

Though the noise emitted by an electrical machine is less loud than the one from a combustion engine, the existing literature shows it is not always more pleasant. This is because of its strong tonal content, due to deterministic excitations (e.g. electromagnetic slotting and switching effects, mechanical gear mesh effects). The main source of magnetic noise is the radiation of the stator submitted to electromagnetic forces, which are harmonic by nature. Their highest frequency components are generated by the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique designed to vary the supply frequency and operating speed of the electric machine. Several PWM strategies exist, leading to specific harmonic spectra. A temporal simulation model has been developed to auralize the corresponding electromagnetic noise emitted by the machine, considering its mechanical and electrical parameters. A testbench has been adapted to test the relevance of the model, both from an electrical and acoustic point of view. The simulation model and the testbench can be used to generate virtual and real sound stimuli to be assessed in a jury testing. The subjective evaluations allow to assess the relevance of the auralization model, but also to identify the least annoying strategies.

Basic research on the effect of distance between performers on ensemble performance

Due to the spread of COVID-19, the performers on stage were required to keep a certain distance among them. Because it was considered that the droplets come from performers rise a risk of infection with COVID-19 when they performed musical instruments. A distance of at least 2 m between wind instrument performers, and 1.5 m between string instrument performers was recommended. However, with these distances, the performers found it difficult to perform. Actually, in previous studies, it has been suggested that difficulties in listening to their performance can occur. However, the specific causes of these problems have not yet been clarified. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of differences in distance between performers on acoustical properties and auditory perception by focusing on performers in an ensemble. In particular, targeting a group of five performers arranged in a semi-elliptical shape, the various acoustic physical quantities, and conducting subjective evaluation experiments were performed. As a result, it was found that changes in the distance between performers affect the acoustic properties and the auditory perception. This knowledge will contribute to creating a comfortable environment for performers.

Prediction and analysis of interior sound quality of high-speed trains based on XGBoost

This paper primarily investigates the objective quantification of subjective perceptions of sound quality in high-speed trains. The study measures and analyzes the sound quality in high-speed trains under high-speed operating conditions and calculates psychoacoustic parameters. A subjective evaluation of the interior sound quality is conducted using the grading scale method. An Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is utilized to construct a predictive model for sound quality in high-speed trains and get high predictive accuracy for sound quality evaluation. Employing AI-based evaluation models to evaluate the sound quality in high-speed trains offers a more effective method for studying the interior sound quality of high-speed trains.

Sound quality evaluation in special vehicles based on multiple linear regression

The issue of interior sound quality in specialized vehicles has received widespread attention, which could directly affect the riding comfort of the vehicle. This research primarily focuses on the objective quantification of subjective perception of sound qualitySQ in special vehicles. The noise of special vehicles under different working conditions is measured and analyzed, and psychoacoustic parameters and A-weighted sound pressure levels are calculated. The subjective evaluation of interior sound quality was conducted using the grading scale method. A multiple linear regression model is used to establish the correspondence between subjective perceptions and objective parameters. It provides a reference basis for evaluating the sound quality of special vehicles.

Sound quality evaluation and quantification for power seat operating noise

In recent years, vehicle interior condition at running has been quiet due to progress of noise reduction technology. On the other hand, quietness is not required only at running condition but also at parking where slight operating noise is generated by various devices. In this study, we then focused on an operating noise during power seat operation as one of the devices radiated noise in cabin. The impression to power seat operating noise were investigated through subjective evaluation test. For the test, power seat radiated noise at various operating modes and seat types were recorded binaurally and presented in the subjective evaluation test. Participants evaluated the presented sound quality in several evaluation terms such as "loudness," "pitch," and "discomfort." As the results, representative power seat operating mode, in which sound impression varies widely among presented sounds, was found out and suitable evaluation terms for describing the sound quality characteristics well were also extracted. In addition, the representative sound quality tendency was attempted to be evaluated quantitatively using psychoacoustic metrics from recorded sound pressure signal of the power seat.

Development of auditory training application for volleyball players

In various ball games, players make appropriate plays by obtaining information from their surroundings. In volleyball, players also obtain auditory information from the sound of balls being hit, people's voices, footsteps, etc. However, details such as how to use it have not been clarified. The purpose of this research is to develop a method for improving volleyball competitiveness using auditory information. The authors investigated the acoustic characteristics of good and bad sounds that athletes usually express intuitively in words, and also investigated the relationship between acoustic characteristics and athletes' subjective evaluations of the quality of the meat. We investigated the relationship. As a result, we confirmed that there are differences in the sounds that are perceived as "good" or "bad." Furthermore, we conducted acoustic measurements and acoustic analysis of serves and spikes for experienced volleyball players, and based on the analysis results, we developed an auditory training system to enable accurate discrimination of sounds during competition. In the future, we will collect logs from experiment participants who trained using the application and analyze differences in training effects due to differences in years of experience. We will also consider how to create a more efficient training system.

Vibration annoyance due to turbulences in an airplane : subjective and physiological assessments

Turbulence phenomena in an aircraft create important vibrations, at frequencies of between 0.5 and 10 Hz. An experimental design was used to assess the influence of different signal parameters (frequency band, vertical and lateral vibration levels), and the task the participant in which the participant was involved (resting, watching a movie on a tablet computer, working by typing and using the trackpad of a computer). Thirty-three participants were subjected to around twenty signals, each lasting 45 s, using a multi-directional excitation device available in Airbus facilities. Physiological parameters (electrodermal activity, heart rate) were measured continuously. After each signal, the participant was asked to assess the discomfort of the situation. The results showed the influence of different signal characteristics or task assigned to the participant. As a general rule, subjective assessments correspond to physiological measurements. The experiment revealed the influences of the signals physical factors and the task performed by the participant. Finally, the ISO2631 standard seems to provide a good representation of the subjective evaluation of discomfort in the different configurations presented.