Subjective Evaluation Value Research Articles

Research on sound quality prediction of vehicle interior noise using the human-ear physiological model.

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the sound quality of vehicle interior noise, a novel sound quality prediction model was proposed based on the physiological response predicted metrics, i.e., loudness, sharpness, and roughness. First, a human-ear sound transmission model was constructed by combining the outer and middle ear finite element model with the cochlear transmission line model. This model converted external input noise into cochlear basilar membrane response. Second, the physiological perception models of loudness, sharpness, and roughness were constructed by transforming the basilar membrane response into sound perception related to neuronal firing. Finally, taking the calculated loudness, sharpness, and roughness of the physiological model and the subjective evaluation values of vehicle interior noise as the parameters, a sound quality prediction model was constructed by TabNet model. The results demonstrate that the loudness, sharpness, and roughness computed by the human-ear physiological model exhibit a stronger correlation with the subjective evaluation of sound quality annoyance compared to traditional psychoacoustic parameters. Furthermore, the average error percentage of sound quality prediction based on the physiological model is only 3.81%, which is lower than that based on traditional psychoacoustic parameters.

Comfort perception of tight winter-based sportswear

PurposeIn order to study the static and dynamic comfort of tight sportswear in winter, the subjective comfort was aimed to be evaluated by collecting sensory data such as humidity feeling, cold feeling and other perceptions. In this paper, the experiment was divided into standing, squatting, jumping, jogging, walking and so on.Design/methodology/approachThrough particle swarm optimization-cuckoo search model, the sensory factors that affect the overall comfort were optimized, and it was found that there were great differences in the overall comfort factors under different motions. Then, analytic hierarchy process was used to sort the optimized sensory indicators in each experimental stage, and the influence degree of sensory indicators was studied. Finally, by the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, taking comfort senses of standing, squatting, jumping and jogging as input parameters, and regarding comfort senses of walking, lifting legs and resting as output parameters, the prediction model was founded.FindingsThe results showed that there were certain differences between the prediction value and the real subjective evaluation value, but most of the predicted values were consistent with the real values on the sensory level, and the overall prediction level was good, which meant that the LSTM model had more accurate prediction ability for subjective evaluation and could be extended to other sports.Originality/valueThe research results could provide scientific methods for the design of tight-fitting sportswear in winter.

Comparison of the Objective Severity and the Esthetic Perception of Nail Symptoms in Psoriasis

Introduction: Nail changes are frequent in psoriasis, and the negative impact of nail psoriasis on patients’ quality of life is well known. No data are available however about the association of the objective severity of nail psoriasis and the subjective perception of these symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the severity of psoriatic nail changes (as determined by the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index [NAPSI]) and the esthetic assessment of nail psoriasis. Methods: Participants (general population and psoriasis patients) were asked to rate 19 nail images (including psoriatic and healthy nails) on a 0–10 scale, based on how disturbing they considered them esthetically. Objective severity (NAPSI) scores of nails were compared to the subjective evaluation values. Results: Nail symptom severity correlated well with the subjective scores. However, while nails with low (0) and high (6–8) NAPSI values received consistent subjective scores, the esthetic perception of nails with moderate NAPSI scores was rather heterogeneous. The age of the respondents showed robust positive correlation with the subjective assessment of nail symptoms both within the psoriatic and the general population. Discussion: Gender, the presence of psoriasis, or medical education had no significant influence on the esthetic assessment of psoriatic nail changes.

No-Reference Stereo Image Quality Assessment Based on Transfer Learning

In order to apply the deep learning to the stereo image quality evaluation, two problems need to be solved: The first one is that we have a bit of training samples, another is how to input the dimensional image’s left view or right view. In this paper, we transfer the 2D image quality evaluation model to the stereo image quality evaluation, and this method solves the first problem; use the method of principal component analysis is used to fuse the left and right views into an input image in order to solve the second problem. At the same time, the input image is preprocessed by phase congruency transformation, which further improves the performance of the algorithm. The structure of the deep convolution neural network consists of four convolution layers and three maximum pooling layers and two fully connected layers. The experimental results on LIVE3D image database show that the prediction quality score of the model is in good agreement with the subjective evaluation value.

A Study of Impressions of One Minor Music

This paper describes the study of impressions of Minor music. The experiment employed two groups of healthy people (one group has eight people and the other one has twenty-two) and one Minor music (“Requiem (Mozart)”) as participants and test piece, respectively. The experiment data are collected using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measure and analyzed using box-and-whisker plot, univariate scatter plot and cluster analysis. All participants listen to the Minor music individually. To investigate their impression of the Minor music, they answer the questionnaire on VAS (7 questions: “Bright-Dark”, “Happy-Sad”, and so on) individually. The results obtained from the two groups of participants are similar; they show that subjective evaluation values based on the impression of the Minor music (“Sad”, “Dark”, and so on) have been obtained and visualized by the combination of box-and-whisker plot and univariate scatter plot. The study result shows that the questions based on similar impressions belong to the same cluster.

Automatic voice quality evaluation method of IVR service in call center based on Stacked Auto Encoder

The basic features extracted by traditional methods for speech quality evaluation are not clear, which leads to the small correlation coefficient of subjective and objective evaluation value. Therefore, an automatic voice quality evaluation method for IVR service in call center based on stackable automatic encoder is proposed. All kinds of devices are used to simulate the real use of IVR service voice of call center and collect IVR service voice of call center. According to the process of sampling quantization frame pre emphasis window processing, the IVR service voice data of call center is pre processed. Based on the structure of stackable automatic encoder, the reconstruction process of coding and decoding is designed to extract the basic features of business speech. BP neural network is introduced to establish an automatic speech evaluation model to evaluate speech quality automatically. Experimental results: compared with the traditional method, the average correlation coefficients of subjective evaluation value and objective evaluation value are 0.023517 and 0.02258 respectively, and the average deviation of correlation coefficient is 0.048775 and 0.03485 respectively.

Calculation Model for the Mixing Amount of Internal Curing Materials in High-strength Concrete based on Modified MULTIMOORA

Abstract The internal curing technology has been widely applied to high-strength concrete, for it can make the high-strength concrete marked by low shrinkage and durable frost resistance. The key to its extension and application lies in the reasonable mixing amount of internal curing materials. To address this problem, scholars have proposed a method for determining the water demand in internal curing; however, the water release of internal curing materials is difficult to obtain by measurement due to the mixing method. Therefore, this paper proposed a calculation model for the mixing amount of internal curing materials based on the modified MULTIMOORA method (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis plus full multiplicative form). First, different internal curing materials (super absorbent polymer (SAP), lightweight aggregate (LWA)) and pretreatment methods were selected to calculate their compressive strength, self-shrinkage and frost durability according to a proposed test scheme on the mixing amount of internal curing materials, and in such case, the comprehensive performance evaluation of the above indexes was turned into a multi-attribute decision-making problem. Second, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method and the entropy weight method were used to determine the subjective and objective weights of the indexes respectively, to eliminate the impact of outliers in the subjective evaluation values. Finally, the comprehensive performance of each test group was sorted using MULTIMOORA, and based on the sorting results and the calculation model, the mixing amount of internal curing materials was determined. The numerical example application results showed that the mixing amount of SAP curing material calculated based on the model herein was 1.276 kg/m3, and the mixing method adopted the pre-water absorption method with the total water-binder ratio unchanged. The numerical example evaluation results were in good agreement with the test results. The internal curing effect of SAP was better than that of LWA, and reached the best when the mixing amount was calculated at 25 times the water release rate and the requirement for the maximum total water diversion was met. The study may provide new ideas for extension and application of the internal curing technology.

Objective sound quality evaluation for the vehicle interior noise based on responses of the basilar membrane in the human ear

The paper proposes a new method for objective sound quality evaluation for the vehicle interior noise based on the displacement of the basilar membrane in the human ear. The method was mainly carried out in four steps. Firstly, the noise samples in different seats of a car under different working conditions were collected through the vehicle interior noise test. Secondly, the subjective evaluation values (SEVs) of the noise samples were obtained by the adaptive grouped paired comparison method. In the third step, the statistical mean values of the basilar membrane displacement responses (SMVBMDR) were calculated in a lumped-parameter model of the human ear, and thereby a SMVBMDR-based feature matrix was established. Finally, taking the traditional psychoacoustic metrics and the extracted feature matrix as input, two BP neural network models for sound quality evaluation for the vehicle interior noise were established, respectively. To verify effectiveness of the new metric SMVBMDR, the correlations between this metric and the SEVs, as well as between the traditional psychoacoustic metrics and the SEVs were respectively analyzed. The results show that the SMVBDMDR has a higher correlation with the SEVs. Besides, the sound quality prediction of the model based on the SMVBMDR is more accurate than that of the model based on the traditional psychoacoustic metrics. The above results indicate that the new metric SMVBMDR can be used as an effective physiological acoustic metric for objective sound quality evaluation for the vehicle interior noise.

Comprehensive evaluation of national electric power development based on cloud model and entropy method and TOPSIS: A case study in 11 countries

Electric power is the foundation of the development of national economy, it is necessary to make a comprehensive evaluation of its development. Firstly, 17 secondary electric power development evaluation indexes are established from four aspects: electricity supply, electricity consumption, electrification level and carbon emission. Secondly, based on the cloud model, the subjective evaluation and analysis of the primary evaluation index for the national electric power development are realized. Then, the entropy method is used to objectively evaluate and analyze the secondary evaluation index of national electric power development. And the objective evaluation value of the primary evaluation index for the national electric power development is obtained. Thirdly, the TOPSIS method is used to integrate the subjective evaluation value obtained by the cloud model and the objective evaluation value obtained by the entropy method to comprehensively evaluate the status of national electricity development. Next, by collecting the electric power development evaluation index data of 11 typical countries, the electric power development of 11 countries was evaluated and analyzed by using the CM-EM-TOPSIS method proposed in this paper. From the results of the comprehensive evaluation of China ’s electric power development, it is found that compared with other countries, the sensitivity of the queueing indicator value to the subjective evaluation weight is lower in China. Finally, according to the results of comprehensive evaluation and analysis of electric power development, the managerial implication is explored in China.

Sound quality prediction for power coupling mechanism of HEV based on CEEMD-HT and RVM

The sound quality evaluation model based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), Hilbert transform (HT) and relevance vector machine (RVM) is proposed to predict the sound quality of acoustical signals at power coupling mechanism of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The technique is applied with wave filtering and CEEMD of the acoustical signals acquired at power coupling mechanism of HEV to achieve the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. Built upon this is the calculation of the instantaneous frequencies of the IMF components by HT. Then, the critical frequency bands are used as the weight to calculate the weighted energy values of the IMF components. The weighted energy values are used as the new inputs of the sound quality evaluation model. Afterward, the subjective evaluation experiment of the acoustical signals at the power coupling mechanism is carried out based on pairwise comparison method. The subjective evaluation values are used as the outputs of the evaluation model. Finally, the new evaluation model is established based on RVM. In addition, the second RVM model is built for sound quality evaluation with the psychoacoustic objective parameters as the inputs. In this paper, the sound samples acquired under steady- and unsteady-state operating conditions are tested, respectively, in two models to obtain the prediction results. The prediction result suggests that the prediction accuracy of the evaluation model based on CEEMD-HT is higher than the evaluation model based on psychoacoustic objective parameters, and the prediction accuracy of the steady sound samples is higher than the unsteady sound samples.

The frequency of reduction loss after arthroscopic fixation of acute acromioclavicular dislocations using a double-button device, and its effect on clinical and radiological results

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reduction loss of more than 3 mm on clinical and radiological results after at least 2 years of follow-up after arthroscopic fixation of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations using a double-button device.MethodsThirty-six patients who had acute (< 3 weeks old), type III or V acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations underwent arthroscopic fixation of the AC joint using a double-button device. Clinical and radiological evaluations were performed at preoperative, postoperative first day, 3 months and last follow-up. When the coracoclavicular (CC) distances of patients at the last follow-up were compared to the early postop CC distances, those with a difference of 3 mm or less were grouped as group A and those with a difference of more than 3 mm were grouped as group B.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, follow-up time, time from injury to surgery, return to work, and distribution of Rockwood classification. Pre-operative CC distance was reduced from 18.7 ± 3.5 to 8.5 ± 0.6 in the early postoperative period. Anatomic reduction was achieved in all patients compared with the unaffected side (CC distance 8.6 ± 0.7). However, the CC distance increased to 9.9 ± 1.5 at the third-month follow-up and increased to 11 ± 2.7 at the last follow-up. There were no significant Constant score differences between the groups in the preoperative and last follow-up periods (p > 0.05). At the last follow-up, the mean Acromioclavicular Joint Instability (ACJI) score of group A was 84.4 ± 8, whereas it was 68.3 ± 8.3 for group B, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the subjective evaluation and aesthetic subjective satisfaction values of group B were lower than group A (p < 0.01).ConclusionsReduction loss of more than 3 mm was observed in 25% of patients after arthroscopic fixation of acute acromioclavicular dislocations using a double-button device. Although this loss did not create a statistically significant difference in Constant scores, AC joint-specific tests such as ACJI, subjective evaluation, and aesthetic subjective satisfaction values were significantly impaired.

How does tunnel interior color environment influence driving behavior? Quantitative analysis and assessment experiment

Altering the visual environment inside a tunnel will affect the driving behavior which relies on the tunnel environment. However, there have been few studies on the influence of the differences of the tunnel interior color environment on driving characteristics. In this study, five wall color decoration schemes were designed and quantified based the color landscape quantified theory. The effects of different color decoration schemes on driver's subjective feelings, the constant speed driving time and the lane offset were analyzed in the experiment to verify the impacts of color decoration of interior tunnel walls on improving driving behavior. 60 subjects were chosen to drive in the driving simulator with different color decoration schemes. Meanwhile, the landscape color quantification method was proposed and the information value of different schemes was calculated quantitatively by the method to collect subjective evaluation value, constant speed driving time and lane offset respectively. The results indicated that the driver's subjective evaluation and driving behavior were highly correlated with the environmental information of the tunnel. The driver's characteristics had an obvious improvement with the increase of environmental information by color decoration schemes. However, it was also found that excessive environmental information has the potential to cripple driver characteristics. Driving experience and gender of the drivers had no significant influence on the subjective evaluation and driving behavior under different schemes, which revealed that the color design could be used to increase the environmental information in the tunnel. The results of this study can be used to provide the references for improving the driving visual environment quality in tunnels and also the driving comfort and safety, which would help to guide the rational design of tunnel interior color environments.

Expression of Subjective Evaluation for the Participation Attitude to the Internet of Male College Students Based on Visual Analog Scale

This paper describes the expression of subjective evaluation for the participation attitude to the Internet of male college students using univariate scatter plot and box-and-whisker plot based on visual analog scale (VAS) by employing a small number of subjective evaluation measurement. 19 healthy male college students were invited as the experiment participants. In order to analyze their subjective evaluation for the participation attitude to the Internet, they were requested to answer the questionnaire on VAS (17 questions). The numerical results to show their subjective evaluation (applicable” or not applicable ) for the participation attitude to the Internet have been obtained, and they are shown by using the combination of univariate scatter plots and box-and-whisker plots. Moreover, it has been discovered that the question based on the similar subjective evaluation belongs to the same cluster. This fact is supported by the results of published article [12] analyzed in factor analysis. In addition, it has been also discovered that participants who have similar subjective evaluation values belong to the same cluster. The relationships and meanings for these questions or participants have been found by a small number of subjective evaluation measurement based on VAS.

Performance analysis of vehicle detection based on spatial saliency and local image features in H.265 (HEVC) 4K video for developing a relationship between iou and subjective evaluation value

A vehicle detection method fusing spatial saliency and local image features is presented in this paper to analyze the detection performance in compressed domain. Most of the existing visual saliency models use the input images, in which salient objects are to be detected and are free from complex background and overlapping areas. Moreover, they are very sensitive to the complex scene and different illuminations. In this method, the Scale Invariant Feature Transform and Harris features in combination with spatial saliency model play an important role in detecting vehicles from the scene. A one‐to‐one symmetric search is performed on the descriptors to select a set of matched interest point pairs for vehicle detection. We use 4K video of a road scene with different types of vehicles. The proposed method is able to detect desired overlapping objects from the road scene without heavy computation like other training‐based methods. In addition, the detection performance is analyzed in a H.265 compressed domain to help construct a relationship between objective and subjective evaluation value. The performance of this method is demonstrated by the experimental results. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

User Preference Adaptive Fitness of Interactive Genetic Algorithm Based Ceramic Disk Pattern Generation Method

Pattern design in real life is a complex optimization challenge that objective function can not express explicitly, and can be classified as an implicit target optimization problem. Owing to the fact that the objective function in implicit target optimization problem can not be completely structured, the traditional intelligent decision optimization method is inapplicable. This paper proposes an interactive genetic algorithm based on user preference adaptive fitness, in which users actively participate in optimization and take their subjective evaluation value as the adaptive fitness of evolutionary individuals. On the basis of adjusting the tone coordination degree of ceramic disc pattern, the improved method gives the calculation of user interest degree and style similarity, and completes the establishment of user preference model. The individual similarity calculation of the algorithm integrates the user preference information, making the calculation result more objective. In the experiment, the grain genes of ceramic disc pattern can be divided into two types: main body and border, both of which can be encoded by 16-bit binary code strings. And the weight values of style, tone collocation and structure were set respectively, and the ceramic disc patterns of modern fashion and fresh styles were obtained. In addition, the algorithm performance comparison is also completed. The experimental results show that with the progress of evolution, the midpoint and average width of the fitness of the population decrease, and the population quality is improved. Our algorithm can generate ceramic disc patterns of different styles, and the algorithm can obtain more satisfactory solutions in less evolutionary generations, which speeds up the algorithm's convergence speed and shows better evolutionary optimization ability.

Study on evaluation model of soundscape in urban park based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network: A case study of Shiba Park and Kamogawa Park, Japan

In order to explore whether artificial neural network can simulate and predict the subjective and objective data of soundscape in urban environment, this study developed the subjective and objective transformation model of soundscape in urban park based on radial basis function neural network. The test was conducted based on the soundscape survey data of Shiba Park and Kamogawa Park in Japan. The results showed that the subjective and objective evaluation model of soundscape constructed by radial basis function neural network could predict more accurate subjective evaluation value, the average prediction accuracy rate was 91.23%. In addition, the soundscape in the higher loudness, loudness level and sound pressure level, and the lower sharpness got a higher accuracy, which is beneficial to simulating the tourists’ psychological state of the soundscape. The study proved that the artificial neural network model can provide an effective method for further and more comprehensive acoustical environment research in the future.

An Investigation of the Effects of Changes in the Indoor Ambient Temperature on Arousal Level, Thermal Comfort, and Physiological Indices

Thermal factors not only affect the thermal comfort sensation of occupants, but also affect their arousal level, productivity, and health. Therefore, it is necessary to control thermal factors appropriately. In this study, we aim to design a thermal environment that improves both the arousal level and thermal comfort of the occupants. To this end, we investigated the relationships between the physiological indices, subjective evaluation values, and task performance under several conditions of changes in the indoor ambient temperature. In particular, we asked subjects to perform a mathematical task and subjective evaluation related to their thermal comfort sensation and drowsiness levels. Simultaneously, we measured their physiological parameters, such as skin temperature, respiration rate, electroencephalography, and electrocardiography, continuously. We investigated the relationship between the comfort sensation and drowsiness level of occupants, and the physiological indices. From the results, it was confirmed that changes in the indoor ambient temperature can improve both the thermal comfort and the arousal levels of occupants. Moreover, we proposed the evaluation indices of the thermal comfort and the drowsiness level of occupants using physiological indices.

鉄道車両における乗客の温熱快適性に関する実験的研究（夏季優等車両へのPMV/PPDの適用可能性の検証）

In this study, the relation between the thermal environment and the thermal comfort of occupants in a main line vehicle in the summer was investigated. At first, to understand the characteristics of the thermal environment in a main line vehicle, a field survey was conducted by measuring the temperature and humidity in regular passenger services from the morning to the night. The observation range of the temperature was from 23°C to 28°C, and that of the humidity was from 38%rh to 68%rh. Then, to obtain the fundamental data about the occupants’ thermal comfort, a subjective experiment in which 44 subjects in total participated was carried out. The subjects rode a main line vehicle stationed at a rolling stock center, and they experienced the temperature changing approximately in the range observed in the field survey and answered the questionnaires about their thermal comfort. Furthermore, the relationships between the thermal indices called PMV/PPD and the subjective evaluation values were analyzed. As a result, it was indicated that the error of the PPD in predicting the percentage of dissatisfied subjects became large in the range PMV>0, where the effect of the sweat sensation became significant. However, the PPD agreed well with the actual percentage of people who reported to have the feeling of ‘slightly cold’, ‘cold’ or ‘slightly hot’, ‘hot’. Our results suggest that the PPD can be used as an index of the variability of thermal sensation, but not as an index of thermal comfort in a main line vehicle in the summer; in order to use the PPD as an index of thermal comfort all the year around, it should be corrected taking into account the seasonal characteristics of the relation between the PMV and the actual percentage of dissatisfied occupants.

Influence of visual information presentation method and sound presentation method on subjective evaluation of boat traffic noise

Information on the acoustic environment such as the engine noise of cruising boat on the canal is necessary for town planning. Miyagawa has investigated the influence of the visual of a sound source on an impression of the sound. The study has evaluated the shift on the impression of the sound by the visual stimulus. We focus on human subjective evaluation of the noise stimulus of moving source in this study. Our objective is to clarity the influence of visual information on the subjective evaluation of one moving boat noise. In this experiment, we examined the subjective evaluation of the moving source comparison between the stimulus of the sound and the stimulus of the sound and visual in the case of moving boat noise. This experiment used a 24-inch monitor, a headphone, or loudspeakers. The sound pressure level of 42–70 dB. As the result, the value of subjective evaluation was decreased by the moving source of loud boat noise, in the case of visual information of the moving boat.

室内空間の温熱的要素の変化と作業難易度の違いが心理生理学的指標に及ぼす影響

Indoor thermal quality affects the conditions of the occupant who is doing tasks in an indoor environment, and also task performance. Therefore, appropriate control of thermal factors is important to improve the conditions of occupant, such as thermal comfort sensation and the arousal level which is related to task performance. In order to determine guidelines how to control the thermal factors for improving the comfort sensation and arousal level, it is necessary to evaluate the condition of occupant by using quantitative and continuously measurable indices such as physiological indices. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between the condition of occupant and physiological indices which is affected by changes in thermal factor and task level. We measured subjective evaluation and physiological indices such as electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, and skin temperature of 10 participants in 4 experimental conditions consisted of different temperature and arithmetic task level. From the result of time-series analysis and correlation analysis among the experimental conditions, the subjective evaluation value, and physiological indices, it is showed that difference of task level can affect to the correlation between the conditions of occupant and physiological indices. These result suggests that the effect of task level on physiological indices should be considered in order to evaluate the conditions of occupant by using physiological indices.