Subjective Elements Research Articles

Toward a conceptualization of the musical self: A theoretical-methodological approach to subjectivity in independent musicians

The objective of this study is to advance a theoretical and methodological proposal for the analysis of subjectivity construction in independent musicians. Existing social and cultural theories of subjectivity have not satisfactorily addressed the artistic experience of musicians. We present an analytic model that highlights the place of language from a perspective informed by dialogical theories and which also incorporates the aesthetic dimension of subjectivity in the occupational field. By analyzing six narrative interviews, we offer a qualitative insight into how independent musicians subjectively experience their musical activity. We constructed dialogical dimensions associated with four subjective movements in the interviewees’ discourse: aesthetic, activity, authorship, and reflectivity. Our findings about the configuration of musical subjectivity yielded three core points of articulation: musical self, existential self, and musical-occupational self. The musical self emerges as a particular subjective configuration, since creative activity represents a point of vital and occupational grounding where the boundaries between work and subjective experience appear to fade. Employing the aesthetic dimension of subjectivity made it possible to add complexity to the articulation and integration of various subjective elements of a psychological and social nature that have traditionally been studied in isolation.

Decoding episodic autobiographical memory in naturalistic virtual reality

Episodic autobiographical memory (EAM) is a long-term memory system of personally experienced events with their context – what, where, when – and subjective elements, e.g., emotions, thoughts, or self-reference. EAM formation has rarely been studied in a controlled, real-life-like paradigm, and there is no predictive model of long-term retrieval from self-rated subjective experience at encoding. The present longitudinal study, with three surprise free recall memory tests immediately, one-week and one-month after encoding, investigated incidental encoding of EAM in an immersive virtual environment where 30 participants either interacted with or observed specific events of varying emotional valences with simultaneous physiological recordings. The predictive analyses highlight the temporal dynamics of the predictors of EAM from subjective ratings at encoding: common characteristics related to sense of remembering and infrequency of real-life encounter of the event were identified over time, but different variables become relevant at different time points, such as the emotion and mental imagery or prospective aspects. This dynamic and time-dependent role of memory predictors challenges traditional views of a uniform influence of encoding factors over time. Current evidence for the multiphasic nature of memory formation points to the role of different mechanisms at play during encoding but also consolidation and subsequent retrieval.

PSICOLOGIA DA RELIGIÃO: VERTENTES DA ESPIRITUALIDADE INTEGRADAS À PSICOLOGIA

The presence of spirituality in the daily life of society is indisputable, even those who say they have no religious affiliation believe in the existence of a God or a superior force that helps to deal with traumas, conflicts and/or decision-making. Psychology comprises a branch of fundamental questions with in-depth discussions about the integrative aspects of the human being. Spiritual questions aim to establish answers to the invisible, in the belief and faith of the community, presenting themselves as a tool for integration in therapeutic management. The study is highly necessary, as it addresses the bio-psycho-social-spiritual being that resides in each man and woman. On the other hand, reaffirm that spirituality cannot be ignored when it is manifested in the therapeutic environment, as the aforementioned manifestation comes from the subjective element of that being.

Dualistic View in the Formulation of Criminal Offenses in the National Criminal Code

This article discusses the shift in criminal law perspectives in Indonesia from monist to dualist within the National Criminal Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana or KUHP). The term "pidana," originating from the Dutch word "straf," is defined as the punishment imposed by the state for criminal law violations. Since the colonial era, Indonesia inherited Dutch criminal law, which underwent reforms starting in 1958. These reforms were driven by the need for a better criminal legal framework in line with societal developments. The aim of criminal law reform is to achieve legal certainty, justice, and utility. The reasons for reform are influenced by political, sociological, psychological, and practical aspects. Reform efforts include legal discoveries through interpretation, analogy, and legal refinement, covering substantive, structural, and cultural aspects of the law. The National Criminal Code of Indonesia has shifted its perspective from monist to dualist. Monist theory unifies the wrongful nature and culpability as elements of a criminal act, while dualist theory separates them. The National Criminal Code affirms this separation but still formulates the subjective element of negligence in specific criminal acts. This shift in perspective has implications for law enforcement processes in courts. Prosecutors are not required to prove intent, and courts must balance criminal acts and criminal liability. However, there is a need for the development and understanding of these concepts by law enforcement, legal advisors, and judges to maintain a balance between legal certainty and justice. In conclusion, the National Criminal Code adopts a dualist perspective to strengthen the role of criminal law. The separation of criminal acts and criminal liability is expected to enhance the balance between legal certainty and justice in criminal court decisions in Indonesia.

Mapping interpretations of the law in online content moderation in Germany

Content moderation is a vital condition that online platforms must facilitate, according to the law, to create suitable online environments for their users. By the law, we mean national or European laws that require the removal of content by online platforms, such as EU Regulation 2021/784, which addresses the dissemination of terrorist content online. Content moderation required by these national or European laws, summarised here as ‘the law’, is different from the moderation of pieces of content that is not directly required by law but instead is conducted voluntarily by the platforms. New regulatory requests create an additional layer of complexity of legal grounds for the moderation of content and are relevant to platforms’ daily decisions. The decisions made are either grounded in reasons stemming from different sources of law, such as international or national provisions, or can be based on contractual grounds, such as the platform's Terms of Service and Community Standards. However, how to empirically measure these essential aspects of content moderation remains unclear. Therefore, we ask the following research question: How do online platforms interpret the law when they moderate online content?To understand this complex interplay and empirically test the quality of a platform's content moderation claims, this article develops a methodology that facilitates empirical evidence of the individual decisions taken per piece of content while highlighting the subjective element of content classification by human moderators. We then apply this methodology to a single empirical case, an anonymous medium-sized German platform that provided us access to their content moderation decisions. With more knowledge of how platforms interpret the law, we can better understand the complex nature of content moderation, its regulation and compliance practices, and to what degree legal moderation might differ from moderation due to contractual reasons in dimensions such as the need for context, information, and time.Our results show considerable divergence between the platform's interpretation of the law and ours. We believe that a significant number of platform legal interpretations are incorrect due to divergent interpretations of the law and that platforms are removing legal content that they falsely believe to be illegal (‘overblocking’) while simultaneously not moderating illegal content (‘underblocking’). In conclusion, we provide recommendations for content moderation system design that takes (legal) human content moderation into account and creates new methodological ways to test its quality and effect on speech in online platforms.

A Computer Vision System for an Automated Scoring of a Hand-drawn Geometric Figure

Visual Reproduction is a condition to measure Visual Spatial Memory as one of the cognitive domains commonly used to measure visuo-spatial memory. Geometric figures serve as stimulus material, and probands have to reproduce the figures from memory through a hand drawing. The scoring of the drawing has subjective elements. This study aims to evaluate the scoring criteria for the Figural Reproduction Test (FRT), part of the Indonesian Neuropsychological Test Battery, and to develop and evaluate an automated scoring system based on computer vision technology (FRT-CVAS). Scoring evaluation conducted by Cohen Kappa analysis, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The analyzes of the three criteria of the manual confirmed a subjective element in the scoring of the shape of triangles by a moderate (0.74) inter-rater agreement; this agreement could be improved to 0.84 by a slight modification of its criteria. FRT-CVAS, based on computer vision’s identification of the different elements of the hand drawing, was developed and trained using 290 drawings. The system was additionally tested by comparing its scoring with the scoring of two independent raters on 120 drawings from a second data set. FRT-CVAS recognized all elements, and its comparison between human raters showed a high accuracy and sensitivity (minimally 0.91), while the specificity was 0.80 for one of the three criteria. FRT-CVAS offers a highly standardized, consistent, precise, and objective output from the first card in the FRT. This approach is advantageous to data-hungry alternatives such as deep learning when applied to the automated scoring of hand drawings with relatively little data available for training.

Development and internal validation of a simple clinical score for the estimation of the probability of deep vein thrombosis in outpatient emergency department patients.

BackgroundWells score comprises subjective elements, which can lead physicians reluctant to use Wells score or use it incorrectly. ObjectivesTo develop and internally validate a prediction score that is objective and simple for evaluating suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT), with a safety comparable to Wells score. MethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis using data from the Ri-Schedule study (NCT02486445), involving suspected DVT patients at Østfold Hospital’s Emergency Department, Norway (2015-2018). Candidate variables were identified through bootstrapping technique, with a confirmed DVT diagnosis as the outcome variable. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV) were estimated and compared to the two-tier Wells score. ResultsAmong 1312 patients (median age: 64 years (IQR 52-73), 55% women), 19.9% were diagnosed with DVT. Exploration of 30 variables identified tenderness along deep veins and previous venous thromboembolism as significant predictors (selection frequency>60% in 1000 bootstrapping samples). The derived score categorized 450 patients with zero items as unlikely to have DVT, in whom 8.0% were diagnosed with DVT, compared to 8.2% in DVT-unlikely category according to Wells score. Compared to Wells score, the derived score demonstrated sensitivity of 86.2 (81.4-90.2) vs 80.1 (74.7-84.8), specificity of 39.4 (36.4–42.4) vs 55.3 (52.2-58.3), NPV of 92.0 (89.4–94.0) vs 91.8 (89.7-93.5) and PPV of 26.1 (24.8-27.5) vs 30.8 (28.9-32.8). When incorporating D-dimer cut-off <0.5, the derived score had sensitivity of 99.6 (97.9-99.9), specificity of 16.1 (13.1–18.4), NPV of 99.4 (96.0-99.9) and PPV of 22.8 (22.3-23.3). ConclusionsThe derived DVT score, with two objective variables, had a comparable safety to that of the Wells score. However, an external validation is mandated prior to clinical use.

Analysis of the Subjective Elements of Tax Violations from Distribution of the Burden of Proof

Analysis of the Subjective Elements of Tax Violations from Distribution of the Burden of Proof

User experience testing methods: Conclusions from the literature

Industry 4.0 focuses on the digitalization of production processes and technological innovation. The concept of Industry 5.0 puts the focus on human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience at the heart of research and development and innovation (R&amp;D&amp;I) processes to allow industry to serve humanity with a long-term vision that considers planetary boundaries. Replacing the technology-driven approach with a fundamentally human-centric approach requires a deep understanding of the working environment and workers interacting with machines to optimize worker well-being, working conditions, and job outcomes. Analyzing computer work User eXperience (UX) in industrial environments is vital. However, user perceptions are usually hidden and a challenge to detect. Therefore, measuring and monitoring perceptions, emotional reactions, subjective elements, preferences, and attitudes in the relationships between usability, work performance, and workload is crucial. This study provides conclusions of a literature review on user experience studies focusing on UX testing methods and the disciplines linked to industrial diversification. Based on literature analysis, it identifies UX testing methods and create own grouping to analyze them. It also examines the disciplinary context of user experience testing.

Trade Facilitation as a Catalyst for Government Revenue Enhancement: Exploring the Synergies Between Trade Efficiency and Tax Collection

Customs administrators worldwide are mandated to mobilize national revenue collections through the assessment and collection of applicable duties and taxes on all imports and exports. One of their primary concerns following the ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement is the need to optimise revenue collections while simultaneously upholding trade facilitation. This research assesses trade facilitation implications on government revenue mobilization in developing countries with a particular emphasis on Zimbabwe. The paper adopts a qualitative approach, capturing several subjective elements including the examination of the Critical Success Factors for enhanced revenue collection as well as the evaluation of trade facilitation as a solution to customs revenue leakages. Purposive sampling was employed to collect data from employees working in the Customs Division at the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority. Eighty questionnaires were distributed to participants working in Beitbridge, Chirundu, Forbes border posts and the Robert Mugabe International Airport targeting Customs Senior Managers, Customs Middle Managers, Revenue Supervisors and Revenue Officers as key respondents. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 29. This analysis focused on four dimensions of trade facilitation, which includes port efficiency, customs environment, regulatory environment, and electronic-business. The findings indicate that trade facilitation reforms, when executed appropriately in conjunction with enhancements in electronic-business, port efficiency, customs environment and the regulatory framework, can effectively augment revenue collection. Regulatory environment improvements are key in influencing increasing revenue collection and should be prioritised in resource allocation for the achievement of best possible outcomes. We recommend ‘continuous refresher training’ on trade facilitation awareness targeting all stakeholders in ports of entry, accompanied by the implementation of robust risk management strategies as well as intensified implementation of integrity management tools.

Audiogram Estimation Performance Using Auditory Evoked Potentials and Gaussian Processes.

Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) play an important role in evaluating hearing in infants and others who are unable to participate reliably in behavioral testing. Discriminating the AEP from the much larger background activity, however, can be challenging and time-consuming, especially when several AEP measurements are needed, as is the case for audiogram estimation. This task is usually entrusted to clinicians, who visually inspect the AEP waveforms to determine if a response is present or absent. The drawback is that this introduces a subjective element to the test, compromising quality control of the examination. Various objective methods have therefore been developed to aid clinicians with response detection. In recent work, the authors introduced Gaussian processes (GPs) with active learning for hearing threshold estimation using auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). The GP is attractive for this task, as it can exploit the correlation structure underlying AEP waveforms across different stimulus levels and frequencies, which is often overlooked by conventional detection methods. GPs with active learning previously proved effective for ABR hearing threshold estimation in simulations, but have not yet been evaluated for audiogram estimation in subject data. The present work evaluates GPs with active learning for ABR audiogram estimation in a sample of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults. This involves introducing an additional dimension to the GP (i.e., stimulus frequency) along with real-time implementations and active learning rules for automated stimulus selection. The GP's accuracy was evaluated using the "hearing threshold estimation error," defined as the difference between the GP-estimated hearing threshold and the behavioral hearing threshold to the same stimuli. Test time was evaluated using the number of preprocessed and artifact-free epochs (i.e., the sample size) required for locating hearing threshold at each frequency. Comparisons were drawn with visual inspection by examiners who followed strict guidelines provided by the British Society of Audiology. Twenty-two normal hearing and nine hearing-impaired adults were tested (one ear per subject). For each subject, the audiogram was estimated three times: once using the GP approach, once using visual inspection by examiners, and once using a standard behavioral hearing test. The GP's median estimation error was approximately 0 dB hearing level (dB HL), demonstrating an unbiased test performance relative to the behavioral hearing thresholds. The GP additionally reduced test time by approximately 50% relative to the examiners. The hearing thresholds estimated by the examiners were 5 to 15 dB HL higher than the behavioral thresholds, which was consistent with the literature. Further testing is still needed to determine the extent to which these results generalize to the clinic. GPs with active learning enable automatic, real-time ABR audiogram estimation with relatively low test time and high accuracy. The GP could be used to automate ABR audiogram estimation or to guide clinicians with this task, who may choose to override the GP's decisions if deemed necessary. Results suggest that GPs hold potential for next-generation ABR hearing threshold and audiogram-seeking devices.

Research on the Game Strategy of Mutual Safety Risk Prevention and Control of Industrial Park Enterprises under Blockchain Technology

Systematic management of corporate safety risks in industrial parks has become a hot topic. And risk prevention and control mutual aid is a brand-new model in the risk and emergency management of the park. In the context of blockchain, how to incentivize enterprises to actively invest in safety risk prevention and control mutual aid has become a series of key issues facing government regulators. This paper innovatively combines Prospect Theory, Mental Accounting, and Evolutionary Game Theory to create a hypothetical model of limited rationality for the behavior of key stakeholders (core enterprises, supporting enterprises, and government regulatory departments) in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. Under the static prize punishment mechanism and dynamic punishment mechanism, the evolutionary stabilization strategy of stakeholders was analyzed, and numerical simulation analysis was performed through examples. The results show: (1) Mutual aid for risk prevention and control among park enterprises is influenced by various factors, including external and subjective elements, and evolves through complex evolutionary paths (e.g., reference points, value perception). (2) Government departments are increasingly implementing dynamic reward and punishment measures to address the shortcomings of static mechanisms. Government departments should dynamically adjust reward and punishment strategies, determine clearly the highest standards for rewards and punishments, and the combination of various incentives and penalties can significantly improve the effectiveness of investment decisions in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. (3) Continuously optimizing the design of reward and punishment mechanisms, integrating blockchain technology with management strategies to motivate enterprise participation, and leveraging participant feedback are strategies and recommendations that provide new insights for promoting active enterprise investment in mutual aid for safety risk prevention and control. The marginal contribution of this paper is to reveal the evolutionary pattern of mutual safety risk prevention and control behaviors of enterprises in chemical parks in the context of blockchain.

Healthcare Professionals’ Perspectives on Dignity in Dementia: A Qualitative Analysis

In dementia care, the concept of dignity has garnered substantial attention from both researchers and policymakers. However, the concept often remains vague and open to interpretation, potentially leading to misunderstandings and suboptimal care for people with dementia. As healthcare professionals occupy a critical role in upholding dignity, exploring their viewpoints on this complex concept is paramount. In this study, we explore Danish healthcare professionals’ views on the dignity of people with dementia and discuss these perspectives against existing theoretical accounts. We employed thematic analysis of data collected during facilitated discussions with a total of 99 healthcare professionals, including nurses and healthcare workers, during which we posed the question, “What is dignity to you?” and documented their perspectives. Through a systematic process of data coding and interpretation, we identified recurring patterns in their responses. This approach allowed us to uncover the depth and complexity of their viewpoints, providing valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of dignity as perceived by healthcare professionals. Our findings revealed that healthcare professionals possessed a nuanced understanding of dignity, recognizing both a subjective element and a universal aspect applicable to all individuals, aligning with theoretical interpretations. However, conceptual ambiguity remained a challenge.

Survey of the husbandry and biosecurity practices of backyard chicken keepers in the UK.

This survey investigated the housing, feeding, health and welfare of backyard chickens kept in the UK. Information was collected via an online questionnaire active from May to July 2021. The survey asked about flock demographics, housing, diet, enrichment provision, if the flock was registered with the Animal Plant and Health Agency (APHA) and the reason, preventative health care and biosecurity, and the incidence and methods of euthanasia. The majority of flocks (48.8%) consisted of one to five birds, were located in rural areas (58%) and were kept as pets (77%) and/or for eggs (71.6%). Enrichment was provided by 78.4% of keepers. Most respondents (69%) were aware of the Animal Plant and Health Agency poultry registration scheme, with 32.8% being registered with the scheme. Kitchen scraps were fed by 29% of keepers. Veterinary services were used by 63.6% of keepers, although 4% said they struggled to find a veterinarian willing to treat backyard poultry. New additions to the flock were isolated by 70.2% of keepers. The survey was distributed through poultry-specific Facebook groups and via chicken rescue centres, so it is not a truly random sample of backyard chicken keepers. All survey-based studies have an inherent element of subjectivity. The survey identified biosecurity, humane euthanasia training, veterinary training in backyard poultry medicine, and enrichment provision as areas where improvements can be made to improve poultry health and welfare and reduce the risks of infectious disease transmission.

Angels and Animals: Posthumanism and ‘cosmic consciousness’ in psychedelic ‘expanded’ cinema

Focusing on two ‘expanded’ films - Bruce Conner’s Looking for Mushrooms (1959-65) and Stan Brakhage’s Eye Myth (1967) - this paper stages an encounter between psychedelic ‘expanded’ cinema,&amp;nbsp;the writings of Alan Watts,&amp;nbsp;and the field of posthuman philosophy. Drawing special attention to the materiality of film and its relation to the experience of altered states of consciousness, this paper will critically connect the art and ideas of the Californian counter-culture in the 1960s to a wider network of transnational anti- and posthumanism. Beginning with Watts’ dualism between the ‘angel and animal’ elements of human subjectivity, this paper then considers the inherent tension between the transcendentalism of the psychedelic ‘cosmic consciousness’ and materialist posthumanism centred on ‘embodied and embedded’ experience. Whilst these areas are not usually considered alongside one another, exploring their potential resonances can help to situate Watts’ philosophy within awider genealogy of posthumanist thought, and shed light on the ways in which ‘expanded’ cinema engaged with complicated questions concerning altered experiences. Finally, by highlighting the tensions between materiality and transcendental experience at play in Conner and Brakhage’s films, this paper will demonstrate how film stages a complex intervention into debates around human and posthuman subjectivity. In doing so, this paper offers a radical and alternative perspective on both psychedelic ‘expanded’ cinema, and the intellectual history of transnational anti-humanist philosophy.&amp;nbsp;

BD Vaginal Panel assay results on the high-throughput BD COR system compared to the BD MAX system.

Molecular-based assays demonstrate excellent sensitivity for the detection of vaginitis causes. Here, the high-throughput BD Vaginal Panel for BD COR System (VP-COR) performance was compared to that of the predicate, BD MAX Vaginal Panel for BD MAX System (VP-MAX). Clinical or contrived samples were used to determine the agreement between VP-COR and VP-MAX. Acceptance criteria for VP-COR agreement were as follows: bacterial vaginosis (BV) required a positive percent agreement (PPA) point estimate of ≥95% and a negative percent agreement (NPA) point estimate of ≥98%; Candida group, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) required a PPA and NPA point estimate of ≥95% [with lower bound of 95% confidence interval (95% CI) ≥90%]. PPA was 99.5% (95% CI: 97.5-100) and 97.9% (95% CI: 96.5-98.8) for BV contrived (n = 516) and BV clinical (n = 1,050) specimens, respectively. For the Candida group (clinical; n = 724), C. glabrata (contrived; n = 544), C. krusei (contrived; n = 522), and TV (clinical; n = 702), PPA was 99.4% (95% CI: 98.0-99.9), 100% (95% CI: 97.9-100), 100% (95% CI: 97.6-100), and 99.7% (95% CI: 98.3-100), respectively; the lowest lower bound CI value was 97.6%. NPA was >95% for BV contrived and BV clinical specimens. For the Candida group, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and TV, NPA was ≥98.9%; the lowest lower bound CI value was 97.3%. These results demonstrate the equivalent performance of the VP-COR assay when compared to VP-MAX.IMPORTANCEVaginitis is common among women of reproductive age, resulting in around 10 million office visits a year. Diagnosis is often difficult due to its multiple causes-including bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis-as well as variation in symptom presentation. Typically, cases are identified with a combination of symptomology, medical history, physical examination, and office- or laboratory-based testing. These traditional techniques involve subjective elements and demonstrate varying sensitivity and specificity. Inaccurate or delayed diagnosis leads to continued symptoms, repeat visits, inappropriate treatment, and unnecessary costs. Alternatively, the use of molecular-based assays increases sensitivity for the detection of vaginitis causes. With the validation of the vaginal panel molecular assay on COR (a high-throughput platform), a workflow can be streamlined in high-demand laboratories while providing high sensitivity for vaginitis detection.

NAVIGATING THE PERCEPTION-PRACTICE DILEMMA: AN INQUIRY INTO ASSESSORS’ IMPLEMENTATION OF ORAL PRESENTATION RUBRICS

Background and Purpose: Various factors affect the assessor’s ability to assess an oral presentation and arrive at an accurate assessment of the interconnected skills such as fluency, coherence, syntax, grammar, diction, and task achievement concurrently. The oral presentation rubric aids in achieving consistency in assessing this complex skill. This research investigates assessors’ application and perceptions of the speaking assessment rubric prepared in-house and used in the Foundation Program (FP) English Unit at Dhofar University (DU) for levels 1, 2, and 3 in order to identify the rubric’s possible weakness and ambiguities to provide insights to plug the loopholes and ensure fair, objective and uniform assessment. Methodology: Data was collected in a 3-phase data collection cycle through a pre-session task (n=18), a hands-on focus groups session (n=16) to explore qualitative data regarding actual application of the rubric, and a questionnaire (n=40) to obtain quantitative data for further investigation of teachers’ perceptions to cross check with implementation. This makes the present study a mixed-methods one in an exploratory sequential design. Findings: The findings of this research clearly showed the loopholes in the current oral presentation rubric used by the FP for formative and summative assessments. This research has exposed a notable inconsistency in grading practices of the oral presentation using the in-house rubric despite the surprising finding regarding assessors’ confidence in the rubric’s reliability and their level of training. The identified gap between assessors’ perceptions and the application of rubric criteria highlights potential issues in the design of the rubric leading to inconsistencies in the assessment outcomes. Contributions: This research emphasizes the importance of the regular refinement of assessment rubrics to minimize ambiguity and subjective elements, coupled with comprehensive user training to enhance assessment practices, support professional development, promote clearer learning expectations for students, and mitigate the impact of grading disparities in evaluation processes. Keywords: Rubric, oral presentation, assessment, discrepancy, raters. Cite as: Veetil, M., Iqbal, R., &amp; Abugohar, M. (2024). Navigating the perception-practice dilemma: An inquiry into assessors’ implementation of oral presentation rubrics. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(2), 267-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss2pp267-296

Dolo e culpa nas infrações administrativas: uma revisão

The article, through the hypothetical-deductive and inductive methods, investigates the subjective element of administrative infractions. The hypothesis for testing was the proposition that administrative infractions would only be configured by intent when there was no express legal provision on the subjective element required. The subjective element in criminal, civil and tax offenses was analyzed. A classification of administrative offences has been formulated. Three propositions of other authors were tested. It is concluded that the hypothesis was not confirmed, but it was possible to establish other general propositions, in addition to guiding the solution of some cases.

Breaking the Subjective Bias: Rethinking the Talent Management Model in the Ministry of Home Affairs

Objectives: The objective of this research is to address subjective elements in talent management assessment in civil service organizations, focusing particularly on the Ministry of Home Affairs. By investigating the effectiveness of the Sikerja application and proposing solutions to enhance objectivity, the study seeks to contribute practical insights for advancing talent management practices.Methodology: This research employed qualitative research, utilizing a case study approach. Through in-depth interviews with key personnel and a thorough literature review, data is collected and analyzed comprehensively.Finding: The study reveals significant shortcomings in Sikerja's ability to address subjectivity in performance appraisal at the Ministry of Home Affairs. It lacks rigorous testing and is influenced by personal biases, undermining its reliability. To develop a more effective talent management framework, the study proposes adopting a Data-Driven Decision-Making (DDDM) approach. This involves establishing an independent team to analyze performance data objectively, ensuring fairness and transparency. Finally, the study recommends developing a talent management model based on Berger's concept and data for continuous improvement.Conclusion: Developing a talent management model for the Ministry of Home Affairs requires an understanding of the current situation. The review of the Sikerja application highlights its limitations; subjectivity in assessments and the lack of scientific validation in its methods, which hinder its efficacy. Therefore, the author suggests adopting a Data-Driven Decision-Making (DDDM) approach in talent management. DDDM offers a robust solution by establishing an independent data analysis team, ensuring objectivity, and identifying areas for improvement. Integrating DDDM principles into all talent management stages will establish a framework promoting objectivity, transparency, and fairness, ultimately optimizing the workforce's potential.

Discontinuity, risk, patience, and appeal: existential aspects of practising in physical education

ABSTRACT Background For quite some time now, physical education (PE) scholars have expressed concerns about objectifying tendencies within the school subject of PE, calling for a fresh design that foregrounds students’ subjectivity and meaning-making, thereby acknowledging students as unique individuals rather than mere objects of educational interventions. Purpose In this study, we investigate teaching and learning in PE informed by The Practising Model (PM) (Aggerholm et al. 2018). The PM invites educators to be concerned with students’ subjectivity. As such, it represents a promising alternative to an objectifying and instrumental educational trajectory. However, this can also pose challenges for teachers and students. Therefore, we set out to answer the following research questions: (1) How can we understand the educational value of discontinuous experiences in practising, and (2) what are the implications for teachers? Theoretical perspectives Bollnow’s (1976) existential pedagogy provides the grounding for our investigation of discontinuous educational moments. Prange’s (2012) operational theory of education is included to interpret how teachers can bring forth and handle such moments, while Merleau-Ponty’s (2012) concept of sedimentation supports our analysis of students’ development. Methods Through an Interactive Action Research project, the first author of this article has followed a 10th-grade PE class at a Norwegian lower secondary school over two teaching units, each lasting for six weeks. Data material comprises observations of 21 PE sessions, three workshops between teachers and the first author, nine teacher interviews, 22 student interviews, and 21 student diaries. Data was analysed following Malterud’s (2012) framework for Systematic Text Condensation and produced two main themes: ‘I’m not the teacher who covers my students in bubble wrapping’ and ‘I have to work so hard with myself not to give up.’ Findings and discussions First, by discussing the teachers’ operational forms in pedagogy informed by the PM, we show how pointing as appeal, that is, appealing to, evoking, or (re)directing students’ attention, actions, or attitudes, enabled teachers to let go of control while still providing trust and responsible availability. This nurtured and supported students’ discontinuous experiences, allowing them to dwell on the challenge, endure the uncertainty, and continue their search for answers. The second main point concerns the students’ development of both new movement capabilities and a patient attitude. Practising constantly threw students back onto themselves, forcing them to face negativity, rethink the situation, take a stance, and continue from a different starting point. This contributed to the sedimentation of a new bodily attitude to the world. Consequently, we argued that an essential way in which practising contributed to continuous personal growth was through moments of discontinuity. Conclusion Overall, this study shows how practising can expand the classic pedagogy of continuity by providing the conditions for discontinuity as a subjective and existential element of education. This, we argue, can support students in discovering and developing new sides of themselves that hold significance both within and beyond the subject of PE.