Subjective Comfort Research Articles

Denim Fabric: Construction, Thermophysiological Comfort and Future Trends

Denim fabric is widely used in fashion, known for its durability, versatility, and style. However, its effect on thermophysiological comfort, particularly in a variety of environmental situations, remains a source of curiosity and research. This review focuses at the intricate relationship between denim fabric structure and thermophysiological comfort, which include data from current studies in textile science, ergonomics, and apparel development. Fibre type, yarn structure, fabric weight, weave pattern, and finishing treatments are studied in terms of heat regulation, moisture management, breathability, and overall wear comfort. The effect of denim construction on physiological responses, such as skin temperature, moisture retention, and subjective comfort, is explored in a variety of climatic and activity settings. Furthermore, advances in textile technology and novel techniques to improving denim comfort qualities are studied. This paper aims to provide insights on optimizing denim fabric construction for increased thermophysiological comfort, to help to the development of more comfortable and functional denim apparel.

Study on physiological representation of passenger cognitive comfort: An example with overtaking scenarios

During autonomous driving, the subjective cognition of scenario risks may lead to cognitive discomfort of occupants. This is a new concept of ride comfort for vehicles, which is being included in the performance evaluation of autonomous vehicles. The observation methods, generation mechanisms, prediction methods, and optimization methods of this cognitive discomfort remain to be explored. In order to quantify the risk cognition of passengers and evaluate cognitive comfort, this paper proposes a physiological representation method using overtaking scenarios as an example. Firstly, physiological data of passengers are collected through road test, and 19 physiological indicators are extracted, including 6 galvanic skin response (GSR) indicators, 5 electrocardiogram indicators, and 8 eye movement indicators. Secondly, the physiological indicator set related to the subjective evaluation results of comfort is constructed through correlation analysis. Finally, a multiple linear regression model is established to represent the level of passenger discomfort, with physiological indicators as inputs and subjective comfort indicators as outputs. The indicators that contribute significantly to the output results in the model are the maximum amplitude of GSR, the rise time of GSR, the maximum pupil diameter, and the average fixation time. The validation results indicate that the overall accuracy of the model is 86.90 %.

Validation of a turboprop cabin demonstrator

Turboprop aircraft should be improved as they are more environmentally friendly aircraft compared to turbojet aircraft but noise and vibration are often too high for passengers. A simple and uncomplicated way to carry out experiments is using a demonstrator. To determine whether the demonstrator represents the reality, it must be validated. In this project, real flights were first conducted in a turboprop aircraft. During two 70-minute flights, 94 subjects answered questions about symptoms, mood or comfort levels related to noise and vibration, among other things. In the next step, investigations will be carried out in the demonstrator under the same conditions as the real flights. Both results will be compared with each other. If the data from the demonstrator corresponds to that of the real flights, the demonstrator is considered to have been successfully validated. The requirement for this is that the demonstrator data lies within the confidence intervals of the results from the real flights. The aim is to validate a full-scale on-ground demonstrator of a regional turboprop aircraft cabin that will be used for multiple tests like subject tests and comfort evaluation, composite materials and structures, systems and energy consumption.

Effects of preoperative and postoperative carbohydrate loading on gastrointestinal function and stress-induced inflammation after radical prostatectomy

Background: Early postoperative oral clear liquid diet has been shown to enhance postoperative recovery. However, the standard strategy for this diet has not been established. The authors’ aim was to investigate the combined effect of preoperative and early postoperative carbohydrate loading on postoperative stress and gastrointestinal function of patients by standardizing the starting time, type, volume, and concentration of carbohydrate drinks. Materials and methods: Fifty-three patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups received a carbohydrate loading of 400 ml (12.5%) overnight and 2 h before surgery. The intervention group (n=29) started a 400 ml (12.5%) carbohydrate loading 6 h after surgery and consumed it within 24 h, while the control group (n=32) drank water. The primary outcomes–postoperative fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 levels, and gastrointestinal function–were recorded. Secondary outcomes included subjective comfort assessment, the first postoperative intake of semi-fluid food time, and drainage volume. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group had lower CRP levels on postoperative day 1 (POD1)/POD2 and less drainage volume on POD1. The intervention group also experienced shorter times to the first postoperative flatus and the first consumption of semi-fluid foods; their 72-h postoperative protein intake was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that combined preoperative and postoperative carbohydrate loading can alleviate stress-induced inflammation and promote the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function.

Nutrition Education and Nutrition Knowledge Among Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents.

Background: Nutrition in pregnancy is a component of the Council on Resident Education in obstetrics and gynecology core curriculum; however, no studies currently examine adherence to this goal. Objectives: Our objective was to assess obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents' education and knowledge surrounding nutrition in pregnancy, including (1) amount of dedicated didactic time to and attitudes toward, (2) subjective comfort in counseling patients on, and (3) objective knowledge of pregnancy-related nutrition. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional electronic survey-based study. A 28-item questionnaire was distributed to residents enrolled in Ob/Gyn training programs across the United States in 2022. Results: From 247 Ob/Gyn residency programs, 218 residents across postgraduate years and from geographically diverse locations consented to participation and completed all survey questions. Almost half (48%) of participants reported 0 hours per year of dedicated nutrition-related education, 49% reported 1-2 hours, and 3% reported >2 hours. Most residents (92%) strongly agreed or agreed that education regarding pregnancy-related nutrition guidelines would be useful for clinical practice. However, less than one-third (31%) of residents reported feeling comfortable counseling patients on nutrition in pregnancy. On assessment of residents' objective knowledge of pregnancy-related nutrition, mean percentage of correct responses was 74%. Conclusions: This study identifies a gap in graduate medical education, specifically a disconnect between the recognized impact of nutrition on pregnancy outcomes and residents' ability to confidently and effectively counsel patients on nutrition in pregnancy. Results demonstrate a need to develop curriculum and interventions to educate Ob/Gyn residents about pregnancy-related nutrition.

Effect of preoperative oral carbohydrates on insulin resistance in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial

PurposeThe present research seeks to clarify the consequences of two specific preoperative oral carbohydrate (POC) amounts on insulin resistance (IR) and stomach evacuation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) patients.MethodsA total of 129 patients set for elective LC procedures were randomly assigned to a control group (C, n = 45), a 200 mL POC group (P1, n = 42), and a 400 mL POC group (P2, n = 42). The C group was fasted from midnight until surgery, whereas the P1 and P2 groups received their respective carbohydrate volumes 2–4 h before anesthesia. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations were measured at three junctures. IR metrics were derived by employing the homeostasis model assessment. Gastric volume was measured before anesthesia using gastric ultrasound. Inter-group comparisons included IR indicators, subjective comfort scores, and hemodynamic data.ResultsAt T2, the C group exhibited reduced glucose concentrations compared to the P2 group (4.73 ± 0.64 vs. 5.26 ± 1.02 mmol/L, p < 0.05). The Perlas grading indicated that grade 1 was more prevalent in the P2 group than in the P1 and C groups (18 [42.9%] vs. 6 [14.3%] and 1 [2.2%], p < 0.05). Additionally, thirst and hunger metrics for the P2 group were notably reduced compared to the C group at both T2 and T3.ConclusionAdministering either 200 mL or 400 mL of carbohydrates 2–4 h pre-surgery had no detectable impact on IR or gastric volume in LC patients.Trial registrationChiCTR, ChiCTR2200065648. Registered January 13, 2023, http://www.chictr.org.cn.

Design and evaluation of a smart passive dynamic arm support for robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery

Surgeons performing robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery experience physical stress and overuse of shoulder muscles due to sub-optimal arm support during surgery. The objective is to present a novel design and prototype of a dynamic arm support for robotic laparoscopic surgery to evaluate its ergonomics and performance on the AdLap-VR simulation training device. The prototype was designed using the mechanical engineering design process: Technical requirements, concept creation, concept selection, 3D-design and built of the prototype. A crossover study was performed on a marble sorting task on the AdLap-VR. The first group performed four trials without the arm support, followed by four trials with the arm support, and the other group executed the sequence vice versa. The performance parameters used were time to complete (s), path length (mm), and the number of collisions. Afterward, the participants filled out a questionnaire on the ergonomic experience regarding both situations. 20 students executed 160 performed trials on the AdLap-VR Significant decreases in the subjective comfort parameters mental demand, physical demand, effort and frustration were observed as a result of introducing the novel arm support. Significant decreases in the objective performance parameters path length and the number of collisions were also observed during the tests. The newly developed dynamic arm support was found to improve comfort and enhance performance through increased stability on the robotic surgery skills simulator AdLap-VR.

Abstract TP105: Neurointervention Simulation Workshop for Neurology Residents

Background: Endovascular Thrombectomy is now standard of care and widely used treatment for large vessel occlusion strokes in appropriately selected patients. Neurology Residents have minimal exposure to formal neuro-interventional procedures which may lead to limited technical understanding and comfort in discussing the procedure with patient and interdisciplinary teams. Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental, pretest/posttest study was conducted. Participants included 18 Neurology Residents in a standardized simulation of endovascular thrombectomy procedure using a flow model supervised a neuro-interventionalist followed by a debriefing session. Questionnaire included items on technical knowledge of endovascular thrombectomy as well as assessment of subjective comfort related to procedure and consent process. Responses were analyzed using Pearson coefficient. Results: On a 10-point Likert scale, median score for trainee comfort in discussing endovascular thrombectomy with patient/family and stroke attending increased from 5 to 8 (p &lt; 0.05) and 4 to 7 (p &lt; 0.05) respectively. Residents also reported improvement in procedural understanding with median score of 7 following simulation compared to 2 prior (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Observable enhancements in procedural comprehension, accompanied by increased subjective comfort in engaging in discussions concerning the endovascular thrombectomy procedure with patients and/or their family members, were clearly identified among Neurology Residents following their engagement in simulation-based training. The utilization of neuro-interventional simulation presents a promising avenue for complementing the skill development of trainees involved in the management of patients with acute large vessel occlusion, who are being evaluated for potential mechanical thrombectomy interventions.

Effect of wet clothing removal on skin temperature in subjects exposed to cold and wrapped in a vapor barrier: a human, randomized, crossover field study

BackgroundPrehospital care for cold-stressed and hypothermic patients focuses on effective insulation and rewarming. When encountering patients wearing wet clothing, rescuers can either remove the wet clothing before isolating the patient or isolate the patient using a vapor barrier. Wet clothing removal increases skin exposure but avoids the need to heat the wet clothing during rewarming. Leaving wet clothing on will avoid skin exposure but is likely to increase heat loss during rewarming. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of wet clothing removal compared to containing the moisture using a vapor barrier on skin temperature in a prehospital setting.MethodsThis randomized crossover experimental field study was conducted in a snow cave in Hemsedal, Norway. After an initial cooling phase of 30 min while wearing wet clothes, the participants were subjected to one of two rewarming scenarios: (1) wet clothing removal and wrapping in a vapor barrier, insulating blankets, and windproof outer shell (dry group) or (2) wrapping in a vapor barrier, insulating blankets, and windproof outer shell (wet group). The mean skin temperature was the primary outcome whereas subjective scores for both thermal comfort and degree of shivering were secondary outcomes. Primary outcome data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).ResultsAfter an initial decrease in temperature during the exposure phase, the dry group had a higher mean skin temperature compared to the wet group after only 2 min. The skin-rewarming rate was highest in the initial rewarming stages for both groups, but increased in the dry group as compared to the wet group in the first 10 min. Return to baseline temperature occurred significantly faster in the dry group (mean 12.5 min [dry] vs. 28.1 min [wet]). No intergroup differences in the subjective thermal comfort or shivering were observed.ConclusionRemoval of wet clothing in combination with a vapor barrier increases skin rewarming rate compared to encasing the wet clothing in a vapor barrier, in mild cold and environments without wind.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05996757, retrospectively registered 18/08/2023.

Effects of personal noise exposure, sleep quality, and burnout on quality of life: An online participation cohort study in Taiwan

Chronic noise exposure in daily life not only causes physical and mental illness but also reduces quality of life. However, collecting objective data on sound exposure and subjective acoustic comfort through a traditional one-shot survey is difficult. This study applied online chatbots in social media to explore the effects of daily sound exposure, personal characteristics, noise sensitivity, burnout status, and sleep quality on quality of life using a short-term participatory cohort design. During the two-month survey in 2022, 207 participants completed at least 15 days of collection of data on sound exposure and perception, as well as periodic structural questionnaires during the follow-ups. Linear regression and generalized linear models were applied to explore the factors influencing personal burnout, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and quality of life. A chain mediation model was applied to explore the direct and indirect effects of noise exposure on quality of life. The results showed a better quality of life among respondents who rated their home environment better, were in good health, had better daily acoustic comfort, and were less exposed to noise during the week. In contrast, respondents with lower daily acoustic comfort and a higher frequency of noise-induced sleep disturbances and mood disorders were more likely to have poorer sleep quality. A higher personal burnout was associated with poorer health, longer exposure to noise during the week, a higher frequency of noise-induced illnesses, and neurotic traits. In the mediation analyses, noise-induced sleep disturbance and better daily acoustic comfort also had important direct influences on quality of life compared to the indirect pathway through sleep quality and personal burnout. In conclusion, noise exposure in daily life not only exacerbated poor sleep quality and personal burnout but also reduced quality of life.

Thermal comfort of students in naturally ventilated secondary schools in countryside of hot summer cold winter zone, China

People experience four seasons every year, and their thermal comfort usually changes with the season. However, a little is known about the dynamic characteristics of secondary students’ thermal comfort in the countryside under different seasons. This study aims to investigate thermal comfort of students in the countryside under various seasons and reveal the underlying mechanism. One year long-term field study was conducted in a countryside secondary school in Hengyang City, located in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China. A paper questionnaire was used to collect subjective thermal comfort. The surrounding physical environment was also measured. A total of 450 subjects voluntarily participated and returned 2349 valid datasets. The results indicated students had the lowest acceptance rate with temperature (71.9 %), humidity (74.9 %), and velocity (70 %) in summer season. Neutral temperature was 25.7 °C in summer, 19.2 °C in transition, and 14.9 °C in the winter. An inverted U relationship was found between perceived air quality and air temperature. Cold extremities (53.0 %), shivering (37.2 %), and stuffy nose (60.4 %) were prevalent in winter. Adaptive comfort model was only effective in the summer in naturally ventilated secondary school buildings. Estimated learning performance was the highest in transition and lowest in summer. Behavioral adaptation was determined by the relationship between air velocity clothing insulation and operative temperature. The findings of this study provide fundamental knowledge of thermal environment, subjective comfort, and health status in naturally ventilated educational buildings in countryside area. Engineers and designers can use professional comfort indicators to guide their future construction or renovation.

Real-time ghost imaging algorithm on the multidimensional vector matrix Walsh transformation with spatiotemporal free-fps.

In this research, we propose a real-time spatiotemporal free-fps algorithm based on the multidimensional vector matrix Walsh transform with an adjustable ghost imaging video quality and a frame rate to address the issues of uneven imaging speed, fixed imaging frame rate, and uncomfortable appearance in real-time ghost imaging videos of moving objects. This algorithm utilizes the temporal and spatial correlation of ghost imaging videos to achieve free and adjustable video frame rates in time without being limited by DMD refresh rates. Improving the spatial information of a single frame in space enhances the smoothness of ghost imaging videos, making the appearance of ghost imaging videos more comfortable. To achieve this, a four-dimensional vector Walsh transform kernel matrix is used to transform and reconstruct the high-quality images of the target object. Then the reconstructed high-quality image is spatially interpolated to enhance spatial information. Reasonable frame rate parameters are set based on the corresponding relationship between the detection values of the adjacent frames and speckle, improving the ghost imaging video in both time and space and achieving a smooth real-time ghost imaging video with an adjustable quality and frame rate. The simulation and experimental results of moving objects show that our algorithm solves the limitation of a DMD refresh rate compared with the existing ghost imaging video methods and makes the ghost imaging video more comfortable and smoother in real time. The PSNR of the objective evaluation index is increased by 12%. Regarding a subjective evaluation, this paper proposes an adaptive parameterless evaluation algorithm (APEA) for images with different resolutions based on the NRSS, which improved the structure retention degree by 13% and the Brisque parameter evaluation by 70%. We propose an adaptive parameterless video comfort evaluation algorithm (APVCEA) to evaluate the subjective comfort of ghost imaging videos by 14% compared with traditional methods.

A retrospective study on improving the accuracy of radiotherapy for patients with breast cancer with lymph node metastasis using Styrofoam.

To retrospectively analyze the accuracy of radiotherapy using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), Styrofoam fixation, and breast bracket fixation in the chest wall target area and supraclavicular lymphatic drainage area (supraclavicular target area) of patients with breast cancer.and compare the setting efficiency and comfort satisfaction. A total of 65 patients with postoperative lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer, including 36 cases of Styrofoam fixation and 29 cases of breast bracket fixation, were recruited from March 2021 to August 2022 and retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent CBCT scans weekly, and the setup errors of the chest wall and supraclavicular target volume were compared and recorded. The planning target volume (PTV) margins of the two groups were calculated using the correlation MPTV = 2.5Σ + 0.7σ. The setup time and comfort satisfaction scores of the two groups were recorded and analyzed. The correlations among errors in each direction were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis. There was a significant difference in the left-right direction (X) axis of the chest wall target area between the Styrofoam and breast bracket groups (1.59 ± 1.47 mm vs. 2.05 ± 1.64 mm, P = 0.012). There were statistical differences in the ventrodorsal direction (Z) and bed angle of the supraclavicular target area, the data were (1.36 ± 1.27 mm vs. 1.75 ± 1.55 mm, P = 0.046; 0.47 ± 0.47° vs. 0.66 ± 0.59°, P = 0.006, respectively). In the X, Y, and Z directions, the respective PTV margins of the two groups in the chest wall target area were 5.01 mm, 5.99 mm, and 5.47 mm in the Styrofoam group, while those in the breast bracket group were 6.10 mm, 6.34 mm, and 6.10 mm, respectively. Moreover, the PTV margins of the supraclavicular target in the three directions were 3.69 mm, 3.86 mm, and 4.28 mm in the Styrofoam group, while those in the breast bracket group were 3.99 mm, 3.72 mm, and 5.45 mm, respectively. The setup time of the two groups was 3.4 ± 1.1 min and 5.5 ± 3.1 min (P = 0.007). The subjective comfort satisfaction scores of the two groups were 27.50 ± 1.24 and 25.44 ± 1.23 (P < 0.001). The application of Styrofoam fixation in radiotherapy of breast cancer in the supraclavicular lymph node area has several advantages as compared to breast bracket fixation, including higher positioning accuracy, smaller external expansion boundary, improved work efficiency, and patients' comfort, which might provide a reference for clinical work.

The thermal comfort of pedestrians in a humid subtropical climate according to different thermal perception ratings.

This study aims to evaluate agreement among subjective thermal comfort, thermal sensation, thermal perception, and thermal tolerance indices, according to pedestrians in downtown Santa Maria, southern Brazil, which has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Between August 2015 and July 2016 (three periods), 1728 questionnaires were applied. Evaluation of the dependence of statistical variables was based on gender and age, at three periods of time: August 2015 (864 respondents), January 2016 (432 respondents), and July 2016 (432 respondents). Statistical evaluation was based on Pearson's chi-square test using RStudio software, and a significance level (α) of 5% for thermal comfort, thermal sensation, thermal preference, and thermal tolerance was used. Results indicated that age and gender affect the relationship between the variables. Thermal comfort and thermal tolerance presented the best correlation and coherence, regardless of age or gender. This study contributes to knowledge on the local microclimate and can contribute to urban planning to implement strategies that improve pedestrians' thermal comfort.

Relationships Between Success Factors in Daily Disposable Multifocal Contact Lenses.

To explore links between subjective comfort and vision in habitual multifocal soft contact lens (MFCL) wearers when refit with daily disposable MFCLs, to determine which factors are relevant for success with MFCLs and evaluate consistency between MFCLs of different designs. This work examined subjective measures in a randomised, participant masked, bilateral wear crossover study at five optometry practices. Fifty-eight habitual MFCL wearers wore stenfilcon A multifocal (stenA-MF; CooperVision Inc) and delefilcon A multifocal (delA-MF; Alcon) for two-weeks. Subjective ratings included satisfaction with comfort and vision and agreement questions. Agreement with "I would like to wear this MFCL in the future" was taken to indicate success with each MFCL; agreement was significantly higher with stenA-MF. There was strong correlation between agreement responses for "I would like to wear this MFCL in the future" and "MFCL met my needs for vision" with both lenses (p<0.01). However, it was only with stenA-MF, which had higher agreement responses to both statements (p<0.05), that responses to these two statements correlated with satisfaction with end-of-day (EOD) comfort (p<0.01). These differences in correlations between the two lenses are seemingly driven by greater satisfaction with stenA-MF for near and intermediate vision (p<0.05). Subjective vision and comfort were only correlated when vision met the needs of most participants. Meeting participants' needs for vision correlated strongly with wanting to wear a MFCL. Results indicate that meeting vision needs is more important than meeting comfort needs when influencing whether presbyopic patients continue wearing MFCLs.

A study on eye movement test and visuospatial optimization of wayfinding perception in large-scale comprehensive transportation hubs

Abstract The integration of rail transit stations and the surrounding underground space presents volume scale and functional complexity, and it has gradually formed a complex integrated transportation hub. Wayfinding inside its space is also more difficult, and the behavioral phenomena of passengers stopping, wandering, and getting lost are common. This paper uses station A of a large transportation hub as an example. It combines target detection technology and the optical flow method, designs the traffic space guidance system, tests how well passengers can find their way by moving their eyes, and then looks at how the visual space can be improved in terms of color, comfort, and subjective comfort after getting feedback. The data from the passenger eye-movement test reveals that during the sub-processes of information perception and elevator path selection, the logo is the primary focus, with attention ratios of 72.35% and 61.28%. Orange, yellow, and green were the three colors that received the highest ratings for subjective spatial comfort from passengers, with ratings of 0.58, 0.55, and 0.35, respectively, which are data-supported for visuospatial optimization.

Ефективність цифрових і звичайних відбитків, що застосовуються при заміщенні дефектів твердих тканин зубів бічних зубів: оцінка сприйняття пацієнтів, комфорту лікування та витраченого часу

Introduction. The accuracy of the final impressions significantly affects the quality of the manufactured prosthesis. The transfer of perfect impressions to dental laboratories is always performed by dentists as part of the daily work of manufacturing prostheses in fixed prosthodontics. The accuracy of the impression depends on the materials themselves, the types of impression spoons and the impression technique. Various materials and printing techniques are used to obtain high-precision impressions. Goal. To conduct a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of digital and conventional impressions used in the replacement of hard tissue defects of teeth of lateral teeth: assessment of patient perception, treatment comfort and time spent. To investigate the level of stress perceived by the patient at the stages of orthopedic treatment. Research material and methods. The study involved 46 patients aged 25-60 years (22 men and 24 women) who applied for orthopedic treatment of 57 defects of hard tissues of lateral teeth and had no previous experience of using conventional or digital impressions. The patient’s perceived source of stress was assessed using a modified version of the Norman Core test. Dental arch impressions were taken using polyester impression material, and bite registration was performed using polysiloxane bite registration material. Two weeks later, digital impressions and bite scans were performed on the same patients using an intraoral scanner. Both procedures were evaluated by the patients’ perception using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients’ perception of various impression-taking techniques was assessed using a standardized questionnaire. The stages of print processing (tray selection, working time, etc.) were recorded in seconds. The results. We found gender variations in psychoemotional reactions to specific dental interventions, highlighting potential psychological and emotional differences between male and female participants. the prevalence of strong and very strong fear of orthopedic surgery was slightly higher among female participants than among male participants. The average total time of obtaining a print using the traditional technique was 831.11 ± 5.56 s. It took half as much time to obtain prints using the digital method - 396.07 ± 7.98 seconds. In women, when receiving digital and conventional prints, the VAS indicators were lower than in men, which indicates a worse perception of the procedure by them. However, with the use of digital impressions, both women and men felt significantly higher VAS scores, which proved the advantage of using a digital method of obtaining impressions. The digital impression technique was most acceptable to both male and female patients and was preferred by all subjects. However, it is necessary to note the difference in the distribution of preferences between men and women. Conclusion. The results of the conducted study indicate that the effectiveness of the digital impression technique was higher than the traditional impression technique in terms of time spent on treatment, occurrence of adverse reactions, comfort and perception of subjects. Therefore, intraoral scanners are a clear advantage for patients visiting the dentist. Key words: defects of hard dental tissues, digital and standard impressions, patients’ feelings, stress level.

Optimizing user experience in SSVEP-BCI systems.

The emergence of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology provides enormous potential for human medical and daily applications. Therefore, allowing users to tolerate the visual response of SSVEP for a long time has always been an important issue in the SSVEP-BCI system. We recruited three subjects and conducted visual experiments in groups using different frequencies (17 and 25Hz) and 60Hz light. After recording the physiological signal, use FFT to perform a time-frequency analysis on the physiological signal to check whether there is any difference in the signal-to-noise ratio and amplitude of the 60Hz light source compared with a single low-frequency signal source. The results show that combining a 60Hz light source with low-frequency LEDs can reduce participants' eye discomfort while achieving effective light stimulation control. At the same time, there was no significant difference in signal-to-noise ratio and amplitude between the groups. This also means that 60Hz can make vision more continuous and improve the subject's experience and comfort. At the same time, it does not affect the performance of the original SSVEP-induced response. This study highlights the importance of considering technical aspects and user comfort when designing SSVEP-BCI systems to increase the usability of SSVEP systems for long-term flash viewing.

The comprehensive impact of thermal-PM2.5 interaction on subjective evaluation of urban outdoor space: A pilot study in a cold region of China.

Urban outdoor space has a very important impact on the quality of people's outdoor activities, which has influenced people's health and moods. Its influence is the result of the combined action of various factors. Thermal and air quality environment are important factors affecting the overall comfort of the urban outdoor space. At present, there are few research on interaction with thermal and air quality environment. Therefore, a meteorological measurement and questionnaire survey have been conducted in a representative open space in a campus in Xi'an, China. The following are the research results:(1) Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) is a significant factor affecting thermal sensation vote (TSV) and thermal comfort vote (TCV). PM2.5 has no significant effect on thermal comfort vote (TCV), but it is a considerable factor affecting thermal sensation vote (TSV) when 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (P = 0.023 *). (2) PM2.5 is a significant factor affecting air quality vote (AQV) and breathing comfort vote (BCV).Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) has no significant impact on air quality vote (AQV), but it is a considerable factor affecting breathing comfort vote (BCV) when 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (P = 0.01 **). (3) Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) is a significant factor affecting overall comfort vote (OCV), but PM2.5 is not. In general, When 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (-0.5 < -0.37 ≤ TCV ≤ 0.12 <0.5), the interaction between thermal and PM2.5 environment is significant on thermal sensation vote (TSV) and breathing comfort vote (BCV). This study can provide experimental support for the field of multi-factor interaction, which has shown that improving the thermal environment can better breathing comfort, while reducing PM2.5 concentration can promote thermal comfort. And can also provide reference for the study of human subjective comfort in urban outdoor space in the same latitude of the world.

베이지안 네트워크를 활용한 치매 의심군 예측요인 연구

Objective: This study aims to identify predictive factors for screening suspected dementia among middle-aged and older adults and provide basic data to prevent dementia and prepare early customized intervention plans for middle-aged and older adults.&#x0D; Method: A survey of 850 middle-aged and older adults aged 40-65 years living in Japan was conducted to collect data, and a Bayesian network was used to identify predictors and pathways for screening suspected dementia.&#x0D; Results: First, to verify the accuracy of the results extracted by the Bayesian network model, the performance was compared with random forest and gradient boosting, and the results showed that the Bayesian network algorithm performed the best, with a predictive power of 90%. Second, among the variables predicting suspected dementia, the most predictive variable was subjective memory decline, followed by early maladaptive behavior, social comfort, adult attachment anxiety, dementia fear, and adult attachment avoidance. Third, the core pathway for suspected dementia was identified as neuroticism to early maladaptive behavior and adult attachment anxiety to suspected dementia, followed by neuroticism to subjective memory decline, social comfort, and adult attachment anxiety to suspected dementia.&#x0D; Conclusion: By utilizing Bayesian networks to explore important variables and pathways between variables in suspected dementia, we can provide a framework for early intervention and customized policies for dementia.