Subject Selection Research Articles

Exploring Digital Gingival Shade Matching in Students.

To study the degree of accuracy in gingival shade matching of undergraduate students using a computer application. In total, 76 undergraduate dental students' gingival shade selection abilities were evaluated using an in-house developed computer application. A total of 15 intraoral gingival photographs and 21 pink gingival color porcelain samples were used. The environmental conditions were standardized, and no time limit was set for answering in the computer application. Fourteen gingival color samples (66.6%) were not useful for representing the studied gingival shades. Not all natural gingival colors studied were represented within the 50.50% acceptability limits of the pink samples. There were no statistically significant differences between men and women in terms of "hit" percentages. The highest correlation coefficient (in absolute value) was for the L* coordinate (the darker the gingiva in the picture, the higher the hit rate for choosing the "ideal" shade tab); however, none of the linear correlation coefficients were statistically significant. Not all colors provided in the pink ceramic system were useful for subjective gingival selection. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female dental students in gingival color perception. The L* coordinate was the only one that influenced the correct perception of gingival color by dental students, and it did so more in women than in men.

The Relationship between Emotional Recognition and Psychopathic Trait

The ability to recognize and understand emotions plays a fundamental role in human social interaction and is essential for effective communication and interpersonal relationships. Psychopathy, a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior and impaired empathy, holds significant relevance in understanding criminal behavior, societal impact, and the implications of psychopathic traits on social functioning. In the intricate interplay between psychopathic traits and emotion recognition, prior research has highlighted the profound role of emotional processing in an individual's social functioning and development, alongside the considerable impact of psychopathic traits on these facets of life. To develop further into this complex relationship, this paper synthesizes existing research findings while elucidating current research gaps. These studies collectively revealed the diminished accuracy and efficiency in the emotional processing capabilities of high psychopathic individuals, as well as the emergence of atypical automatic emotional responses and subjective selection of emotional information in their interactions with emotional stimuli. Additionally, this review emphasizes the critical role played by primary psychopathic traits in shaping abnormal attention patterns, particularly the tendency of highly psychopathic individuals to divert their attention away from crucial emotion-carrying cues, such as the eyes of facial stimuli, especially when confronted with negative emotional expressions. The present review also recognizes certain limitations, mainly arising from sample size, self-report assessments, and the lack of comparison between clinical and nonclinical populations with high psychopathic traits. To address these constraints and further enrich people’s comprehension, future research should focus on conducting longitudinal studies within high-risk populations.

Scoliotic postural alignment in prepubertal children: somatoscopic analysis of anatomical landmarks and development of a working model to limit spinal changes

Abstract: Background. The study aims to perform a somatoscopic analysis on a sample of 100 prepubertal children aged 10-14 years, girls and boys, who are diagnosed with scoliosis. Somato-scopic assessment is one of the most commonly used, therefore we thought that making a way of interpreting the results could be useful to monitor postural attitude in children diagnosed with scoliosis. Identifying the early onset of physical impairment in the spine with somatoscopy can be a key factor in maintaining optimal postural status. This approach may help in achieving a way of working that limits the negative effects of scoliosis on the subjects. Materials and methods. The selection of subjects is based on exclusion and inclusion criteria related to age, comorbidities, therapeutic approach, and other criteria. Also, aspects that accompany the growth and devel-opment process of children in this prepubertal period and factors that may disturb this process are described in detail. Also in this context, we will present basic notions of body posture and eti-opathogenesis of the onset of scoliotic deficiencies in children during this period of growth and development. Somatoscopic analysis is performed in the orthostatic position and is based on the identification of anatomical landmarks of the body concerning body posture. Results. From the total analyzed scoliosis, n = 100, 74% are type „C” scoliosis and only 26% are type „S” and in terms of gender, 59% are girls and 41% boys; type „C1” (Cobb angle <100) scoliosis n = 60, with an angulation < 100 are 43.24% stabilized, therefore type „C1” scoliosis are more likely to be stabilized. „S”-type scoliosis with an angulation < 150 is only 3 cases representing 11.53%, and those with an angulation from < 200 to < 400 are number 23 cases 88.64% which concludes that „S” type scoliosis is more aggressive and more difficult to manage. Conclusions. Our study show that only 13% of the subjects had a regression of the angulation following the kinetotherapy program, therefore the main objective remains to stabilize the scoliosis attitude and limit the effects of this pathology. A regular assessment and somatotopic analysis resulting in a physiotherapy exercises program containing corrective postural postures and postural education is the most beneficial approach to stabilize the postural deficit.

Parental Influence on the Selection of Subjects for Career Choice among Senior Secondary School Students in Damaturu Metropolis, Yobe State, Nigeria

Parental Influence on the Selection of Subjects for Career Choice among Senior Secondary School Students in Damaturu Metropolis, Yobe State, Nigeria

Discovery Learning-Based Virtual Laboratory in Physics Education as an Effort to Enhance Students’ Scientific Attitudes

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using discovery-based virtual laboratories in enhancing students' scientific attitudes towards the topic of the photoelectric effect. The method employed a quasi-experimental design involving 12th-grade students at SMAN 2 Yogyakarta. The research design employed is pretest-posttest, nonequivalent multiple-group design. Subject selection was conducted through purposive sampling, resulting in experimental and control classes. The research subjects were from classes 12 MIPA 4 and 12 MIPA 5. Data were collected through questionnaires and observations of scientific attitudes. Observations during the learning process were conducted by three observers. The results of the study showed an improvement in the understanding of physics concepts and the development of scientific attitudes in the experimental group, with an average score of 89.36. The improvement in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. These findings indicate that virtual laboratories based on discovery learning are effective in enhancing students' scientific attitudes. This finding highlights the potential of virtual laboratories in fostering scientific attitudes and assisting students in understanding modern physics, thereby stimulating their interest in the subject. The positive implications for physics education indicate that this approach can address students' challenges in learning physics conventionally

Improving Students' Collaboration Skills Using the RADEC Learning Model in Elementary School Science Learning

The learning model has an influence on the success of achieving learning objectives. One of the learning models that can improve the skills of students is the RADEC learning model. The syntax contained in the RADEC learning model can help learner-centered learning, namely Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain and Create (RADEC). Currently, collaboration is one of the learning activities that is very popular with students, where currently collaboration skills are found in the 4C skills of the 21st century, however, there are still many students who are still passive in collaborative learning activities. Science and Technology is one of the lessons in the current independent curriculum. This research aims to improve collaboration skills in students using the RADEC learning model. This research uses a classroom action research (PTK) model which is carried out in two cycles consisting of four stages starting from planning, action, observation and reflection. The implementation of learning in this research was carried out using the syntax contained in the RADEC learning model. The selection of research subjects was carried out through purposive sampling techniques and the research subjects in this study were class IV B students with a total of 32 students. Data collection techniques in research are observation and interviews. The results of this research showed an increase from the implementation of cycle I, namely at meeting one and meeting 2 there was an increase of 6.6% and in cycle 2 at meeting 1 and meeting 2 there was an increase of 13.34%. Based on the results of this research, it can be seen that implementing learning using the RADEC learning model can improve students' collaboration skills in science learning. Based on the research that has been done, it can be said that the RADEC learning model can improve student collaboration skills in the learning process which is marked by the fulfillment of collaboration skill indicators by students.

Students' Creative Thinking Process in Mathematic Problems Solving Assisted by GeoGebra

The purpose of this research is to find out how students' creative thinking process in solving Geogebra-assisted math problems and to find out the obstacles experienced by students in the creative thinking process. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subject selection was taken 3 students using purposive sampling method, namely by considering students who were considered able to work on the math problems given and had been able to use GeoGebra. The data collection techniques used in this research were tests and interviews. The main instrument in this research is the researcher himself. Auxiliary instruments are math problems and interview guidelines. The math problem used is a spatial problem to find the volume and surface area with assisted by Geogebra to measure students' creative thinking. Interviews are used to find out how students' creative thinking processes while working on math problems. The analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this reasearch show the student’s creative thinking process in solving math problems assisted by Geogebra. In this reasearch also shows that students experience obstacles at the stage of synthesizing ideas, namely the stage of students gathering information or remembering and combining ideas sourced from previous experiences.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL AKM DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF REFLEKTIF IMPLUSIF

The study aims to determine and describe students' mathematical literacy skills in solving AKM problems in terms of reflective and implusive cognitive styles. The subjects in this study were grade XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Pandeglang who had reflective and implusive cognitive styles. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The selection of research subjects was carried out by purposive sampling technique based on using the cognitive style test instrument Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT). After that, a test was carried out to collect mathematical literacy skills by completing AKM questions and interviews. Analysis of mathematical literacy ability tests refers to three indicators of mathematical literacy, namely reasoning/argument, communication, and application/representation. Based on data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that: (1) Students with refractive cognitive styles have medium category mamthematic literacy skills. (2) Students with implusive cognitive styles have low category mathematical literacy skills. The results showed that the mathematical literacy of students with reflective cognitive style was in the medium category with a percentage of 61.54%, while the mathematical literacy of students with cognitive implusive style was in the low category with a percentage of 57.14%.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA BERBASIS MASALAH

This research aims to determine students' mathematical representation abilities in solving problem-based story problems. The research method applied is a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The population of this study was 24 students of class X MIPA 1 at SMA Negeri 1 Telukjambe Barat, and the sample taken was 3 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. The subject selection process is carried out to ensure that the sample reflects special characteristics or traits that are relevant to the research objectives. As a result, subjects were selected to represent categories of high, medium, and low mathematical representation ability. The data collection technique is in the form of a written test designed to measure students' mathematical representation abilities, with the test material focusing on sequences and series. The mathematical representation ability indicators measured involve visual, symbolic and verbal representations. The results show that students' ability to solve story problems is still moderate, with the potential to improve visual, symbolic and verbal skills; students in the high category can fulfill all representation indicators, while students in the low category require intervention to improve their understanding of mathematical word problems. The conclusion are the percentage of student achievement in visual and verbal aspects still being low, indicating the need for a learning approach that is more focused on developing visual representation abilities and verbally in the context of story problems to enrich students' experiences.

Salivary tumour necrosis factor-alpha as a diagnostic marker of desquamative gingivitis

Background Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a non-plaque induced gingival disease. Clinical examination coupled with histopathological and immunofluorescence studies diagnose it, however, diagnosis of about one-third of DG cases is still elusive which leads to poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, biomarker profiling of DG will help in predicting better treatment outcomes. The objective of the study was to evaluate the salivary TNF-α as a biomarker of DG and compare it with chronic gingivitis (CG) and clinically healthy (CH) subjects.
 Materials and Methods A case-control study was done with 94 subjects having; DG (n=31), chronic gingivitis CG (n=31), and clinically healthy CH (n=32) were recruited in the study after they fulfilled subject selection criteria and signed the consent form. Detailed history and clinical examination were done. Subjects were told to abstain from eating 2 hours before saliva collection. Three ml of saliva was collected in the saliva collection tubes between 9 AM to 12 PM. The collected samples were stored at -80 centigrade and TNF-α levels were assessed employing an ELISA technique (R&D systems). The data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 20, IBM, USA) statistical software.
 Results Salivary TNF-α levels were significantly increased in DG (33.71±12.15 pg/ml,) as compared to CH (5.99±2.11) and CG (13.48±1.16 pg/ml) subjects. The receiver operating curve (ROC) of DG for salivary TNF-α biomarker showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.973.
 Conclusion Salivary TNF-α is a good diagnostic biomarker that is significantly increased in desquamative gingivitis.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 484-490

Abstract 3661: Non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer

Abstract Introduction: Screening programs proven to reduce lung cancer deaths in high-income countries. Biomarkers detection in body fluids may guide more precise selection of high-risk subjects but this approach has not been currently employed for lung cancer screening. Aims: To identify ncRNA-based signatures for early detection of lung cancer in liquid biopsies. Methods: This is a case-control prospective study, conducted at the Barretos Cancer Hospital Screening Program. We analyzed miRNAs in plasma and sputum samples from high-risk subjects (n=51), and patients (n=44) diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), no metastatic, at Barretos Cancer Hospital (Brazil). We analyzed circRNAs in plasma samples from high-risk subjects (n=100), and patients (n=86) with NSCLC at Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus (Spain). Samples were subjected to RNA isolation followed expression analysis, for miRNA expression was used nCounter Human V3 microRNA painel, and for circRNA expression was use a nCounter customized painel (NanoString). Counts were normalized by housekeeping, and differentially expressed miRNAs were filtered out according to fold-change (≥|1.5|), p-value (≤0.05). Results: All cancer patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (n=68), squamous cell carcinoma (n=41) and others/no information (n=36). No differences were observed related to age, sex, and tobacco exposure between high-risk and cancer groups (p>0.05). For Brazilian group, we observed six differentially expressed miRNAs in plasma able to distinguish cancer from non-cancer samples - three miRNAs upregulated, and three miRNAs downregulated -, and three of them presented with high accuracy (AUC = 0.70). For sputum, we observed four differentially expressed miRNAs able to distinguish cancer from non-cancer samples, and the 4-miRNA signature present with high accuracy (AUC = 0.73). None of miRNAs were shared between plasma and sputum. In both sample types we have miRNAs associated with zinc finger (ZNF99 and ZNF268), that predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. In Spanish cohort, we observed 4-circRNA signature with high accuracy (AUC = 0.745). These four circRNAs are associated with insulin resistance and proto-oncogenes. Conclusion: We identified ncRNA-based biomarkers in biofluids potentially to be employed in lung cancer screening programs to better guide selection of high-risk subjects for early detection of lung cancer. Citation Format: Giovanna Maria Stanfoca Casagrande, Alessandro Pascon Filho, Alexia Polo Siqueira, Rodrigo Sampaio Chiarantano, Fabiana de Lima Vazquez, Miguel Angel Molina, Carlos Pedraz-Valdunciel, Ana Gimenez-Capitán, Rui Manuel Reis, Leticia Ferro Leal. Non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3661.

Teachers Efforts in Evaluating Islamic Religious Education Learning Using Discussion Learning Methods

This research evaluates Islamic education learning carried out by teachers at Public Middle School 1 Panji. This research method uses a qualitative approach, and the type of research used is field research. Selection of Research Subjects This research method uses a qualitative approach, and the kind of research used is field research. Teachers and students at Public Middle School 1 Panji proposed the choice of research subjects. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interview and documentation. The data analysis used by researchers is data analysis from Miles and Huberman's ideas, namely data condensation, data presentation, and concluding/verification. Islamic education learning requires a process to help students learn the Islamic religion. Evaluations carried out by teachers, both assessments of the learning process and evaluations of learning outcomes, are carried out to maximize students' intelligence in terms of knowledge, enjoyment of life, and ability to interact physically and socially. In the community environment. Islamic education learning must be pursued through good planning to influence students' choices, decisions and life developments. The evaluation results carried out by Islamic education teachers are effective and can increase students' active learning and thinking during the learning process and its application in everyday

The Effect of PBL Model and Learning Motivation on the Mathematical Connection Ability of Class VIII MTs Darussalam Batumarta Students

Students in the eighth grade during the second half of the 2022–2023 school year were the focus of this research, which examines how the project-based learning (PBL) model and students' intrinsic motivation to learn affected their capacity to make mathematical connections. There was a quantitative approach to this research. Methods such as observation, interviews, documentation, surveys, and testing are used to gather data. This study used a quasi-experimental design. Because the individuals already existed before to the research, subject selection was not random. Using the total sampling approach, 66 students, representing the whole eighth grade, were selected as the population. Both tests and non-tests are used in the data collecting technique. Research consists of many stages, such as planning, execution, and data processing. Data analysis approaches involve quantitative data analysis and data quality assessment. Based on the results of research and discussion, it is known that 1) there are differences in the mathematical connection ability of students who obtain PBL model learning with students who obtain conventional model learning; 2) there is a difference in the increase in the mathematical connection ability of students who obtain PBL model learning with students who obtain conventional model learning; 3) there are differences in the mathematical connection ability of students who obtain PBL model learning with students who obtain conventional model learning on strong learning motivation; 4) there are differences in the mathematical connection ability of students who obtain PBL model learning with students who obtain conventional model learning on weak learning motivation; 5) there is an interaction between the use of learning methods and student learning motivation on the ability to solve thematic connection problems; and 6) there is a significant influence or interaction between the use of PBL models and the level of learning motivation on mathematical connection ability.

Evaluation of the usefulness of plasma 4β-hydroxycholesterol concentration normalized by 4α-hydroxycholesterol for accurate CYP3A phenotyping.

Plasma 4β-hydroxycholesterol (OHC) has drawn attention as an endogenous substrate indicating CYP3A activity. Plasma 4β-OHC is produced by hydroxylation by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and by cholesterol autoxidation. Plasma 4α-OHC is produced by cholesterol autoxidation and not affected by CYP3A activity. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of plasma 4β-OHC concentration minus plasma 4α-OHC concentration (4β-OHC-4α-OHC) compared with plasma 4β-OHC concentration and 4β-OHC/total cholesterol (TC) ratio in cross-sectional evaluation of CYP3A activity. Four hundred sixteen general adults were divided into 191 CYP3A5*1 carriers and 225 non-carriers. Twenty-six patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with CYP3A5*1 allele were divided into 14 with CKD stage 3 and 12 with stage 4-5D. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the three indices were evaluated for predicting presence or absence of CYP3A5*1 allele in general adults, and for predicting CKD stage 3 or stage 4-5D in patients with CKD. There was no significant difference between AUC of 4β-OHC-4α-OHC and AUC of plasma 4β-OHC concentration in general adults and in patients with CKD. AUC of 4β-OHC-4α-OHC was significantly smaller than that of 4β-OHC/TC ratio in general adults (p = 0.025), but the two indices did not differ in patients with CKD. In conclusion, in the present cross-sectional evaluation of CYP3A activity in general adults and in patients with CKD with CYP3A5*1 allele, the usefulness of 4β-OHC-4α-OHC was not different from plasma 4β-OHC concentration or 4β-OHC/TC ratio. However, because of the limitations in study design and subject selection of this research, these findings require verification in further studies.

Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of High School Students' Subject Selection under the New College Entrance Examination Reform in Hubei Province

In 2014, China implemented a comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination. Since then, Hubei Province has implemented the "New College Entrance Examination", which adopts the "3+1+2" subject selection program, students independently choose subjects on the basis of language, mathematics and foreign languages. Students are required to choose one subject from History and Physics, and then two subjects from Ideology and Politics, Geography, Chemistry and Biology to form their own examination subjects. This new teaching mode breaks through the shortcomings of the traditional division of arts and sciences, which cannot fully respect students' individual differences and independent choices, and allows students to choose suitable subjects according to their own interests and needs, so as to achieve the goal of comprehensive and individual development. Since the implementation of the new college entrance examination reform program, the new round of college entrance examination reform has attracted extensive attention from experts and scholars about the new college entrance examination reform. These researches are mainly concentrated in Zhejiang and Shanghai, and most of them are researches on students' curriculum and curriculum reform. By combing the relevant literature, this paper finds that the current situation of curriculum selection in China's general high schools is not optimistic, and there are many problems that need to be discovered and solved by us. In addition, there are fewer studies on the "3+1+2" college entrance examination reform program in Hubei Province. In view of the different curricula in different provinces, we must study the curriculum of general high schools in Hubei Province in depth and analyze the problems, so as to put forward corresponding countermeasures for the curriculum of general high schools in Hubei Province.

Identification and Verification of Error-Related Potentials Based on Cerebellar Targets.

The error-related potential (ErrP) is a weak explicit representation of the human brain for individual wrong behaviors. Previously, ErrP-related research usually focused on the design of automatic correction and the error correction mechanisms of high-risk pipeline-type judgment systems. Mounting evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays an important role in various cognitive processes. Thus, this study introduced cerebellar information to enhance the online classification effect of error-related potentials. We introduced cerebellar regional characteristics and improved discriminative canonical pattern matching (DCPM) in terms of data training and model building. In addition, this study focused on the application value and significance of cerebellar error-related potential characterization in the selection of excellent ErrP-BCI subjects (brain-computer interface). Here, we studied a specific ErrP, the so-called feedback ErrP. Thirty participants participated in this study. The comparative experiments showed that the improved DCPM classification algorithm proposed in this paper improved the balance accuracy by approximately 5-10% compared with the original algorithm. In addition, a correlation analysis was conducted between the error-related potential indicators of each brain region and the classification effect of feedback ErrP-BCI data, and the Fisher coefficient of the cerebellar region was determined as the quantitative screening index of the subjects. The screened subjects were superior to other subjects in the performance of the classification algorithm, and the performance of the classification algorithm was improved by up to 10%.

Detection and enzymatic characterization of human saliva amylase.

As a rule, an experiment carried out at school or in undergraduate study courses is rather simple and not very informative. However, when the experiments are to be performed using modern methods, they are often abstract and difficult to understand. Here, we describe a quick and simple experiment, namely the enzymatic characterization of ptyalin (human salivary amylase) using a starch degradation assay. With the experimental setup presented here, enzyme parameters, such as pH optimum, temperature optimum, chloride dependence, and sensitivity to certain chemicals can be easily determined. This experiment can serve as a good model for enzyme characterization in general, as modern methods usually follow the same principle: determination of the activity of the enzyme under different conditions. As different alleles occur in humans, a random selection of test subjects will be quite different with regard to ptyalin activities. Therefore, when the students measure their own ptyalin activity, significant differences will emerge, and this will give them an idea of the genetic diversity in human populations. The evaluation has shown that the pupils have gained a solid understanding of the topic through this experiment.

Analysis of Students' Mathematical Creative Thinking Ability in Solving Open-Ended Questions Based on Their Self-Concept

To find out students' mathematical creative thinking abilities, this can be done by giving students open-ended problems. The aim of this research is to describe students' mathematical creative thinking abilities in solving open-ended problems when viewed from their self-concept. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The subject selection technique used in this research was purposive sampling. The subjects of this research consisted of one student with a high self-concept category, one student with a medium self-concept category, and one student with a low self-concept. Data collection methods in this research include questionnaire methods and tests. And the data analysis techniques used include: analysis of mathematical self-concept questionnaires, analysis of open-ended mathematics questions. The research results show that students with a high self-concept category can fulfill all aspects of creative thinking abilities, including fluency, flexibility and originality, so that their mathematical creative thinking abilities are also high. In contrast to students with moderate self-concept, it was found that their creative thinking abilities were low and students with low self-concept actually had moderate mathematical creative thinking abilities. So it can be concluded that based on this research, it shows that students' self-concept does not always describe students' mathematical creative thinking abilities in solving open-ended problems.

Research on the strategy for improving the utility of government social media information based on a multi-agent game model

Government social media (GSM) has become an important tool for government departments to open information, guide public opinion and interact with the government and the people. However, the operation and maintenance of some GSM are not standardised, and the content published is inconsistent with identity positioning, resulting in the realistic dilemma of low utility of GSM information. The purpose of this study is to explore the effective strategies to improve the effectiveness of GSM information. The research is from the perspective of information economics, this article uses evolutionary game theory to build a tripartite evolutionary game model comprising GSM operations departments, government regulators and users in order to explore the evolution process of tripartite game behaviours and the influence of subject behaviour selection on information utility. It subsequently conducts a solution and numerical simulation to demonstrate the influence of different factors on the game results. The experimental results show that there are four situations in which the utility of GSM information affects the evolution and stability strategy of the subject and that changes in different parameter values have significant effects on the results of the three-party game. The evolution trend of the subject behaviour can be changed by increasing the regulatory means of rewards and punishments and establishing an efficient operation mechanism for GSM, thus promoting system convergence to the ideal state. The results of this study can provide references and suggestions for government departments to effectively enhance the effectiveness of GSM information and promote the healthy development of GSM.

Influencing factors comparing different vault groups after phakic implantable collamer lens implantation: review and meta-analysis

BackgroundStudies on the factors affecting vault after posterior chamber phakic Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) have been carried out, but most of them are single-centered and subjective selections of parameters. The present study aimed to systematically analyze the factors for vault.MethodsA systematic review of case series, case-control, and cohort studies derived from the articles published in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang and VIP, as well as ClinicalTrials, which were conducted to search for studies on factors of vault using four core terms: phakic intraocular lenses, vault, risk factor and observational study, from January 01, 1997, to February 20, 2023. The included studies were meta-analyzed quantitatively and described qualitatively. Subsequently, meta-regression and subgroup analysis were used.ResultsWe identified 13 studies (1,607 subjects), and 14 factors were considered. Meta-analysis showed that anterior chamber depth (ACD), horizontal corneal white-to-white (hWTW), ICL-size, and age are dual effects of the abnormal vaults; anterior chamber volume (ACV) and lens thickness (LT) are a one-way effect; while axial length (AL), ICL- spherical equivalent (ICL-SE) and Km are insignificant. In addition, descriptive analysis of anterior chamber angle (ACA), horizontal sulcus to sulcus (hSTS), ciliary processes height (T value), crystalline lens rise (CLR), and gender showed that all factors except gender tend to have significant effects on vault. Sensitivity analysis showed stable combined results. Country and design respectively affect the heterogeneity in ACD and ICL-size at low vault, while design affects the heterogeneity in ACD at high vault. No publication bias exists.ConclusionsVault after ICL is related to multiple factors, especially anterior segmental biologic parameters, and they are weighted differently. We hope to provide a reference for the selection and adjustment of ICL.