Subject-oriented Approach Research Articles

(What) Do We Owe Beautiful Objects? A Case for Aesthetic Obligations

Abstract This paper has two main aims. The first is to examine our normative relations to artworks and cultural artefacts threatened by damage or destruction. The second aim is to develop an argument for the notion of aesthetic obligation, offering an alternative model of explanation of our normative relations to artworks and cultural artefacts which relies neither exclusively on the object of appreciation (‘object-oriented approach’) nor on the appreciating subject (‘subject-oriented approach’). Instead, an aesthetic obligation is held to be directed primarily towards the community which appreciates the object on the grounds of its aesthetic value. That which unites an aesthetic community is the practice of valuing an object for its aesthetic character. The notion of aesthetic obligation thus relies both on the community of subjects which holds an object in high aesthetic regard and that same object’s aesthetic value.

Polysubjectivity as a Factor of Social Development in the Context of Dialogization and Differentiation of Center–Region Relations in the Federal State

The article explores the phenomenon of polysubjectivity as a factor of social development from the perspective of post-non-classical scientific methodology. The author proposes conceptualizing polysubjectivity (multiple subjectivity) as a category describing the multifaceted nature, diversity, and dynamics of the social environment. This environment is formed through the dialogue of managed subjects who are bearers of diverse value-goal structures, possess certain resources, and are interconnected with other subjects of social action. Attention is drawn to the dual nature of poly-subjectivity. On one hand, it is viewed as the subjectivity of multiple individuals and social groups united within a localized social environment, for example, in the context of interactions between government and business, authorities and the population, or the federal center and regions. On the other hand, polysubjectivity is interpreted as the multifaceted and plural subjectivity of an individual. The author draws upon the methodology for analyzing sociocultural modernization of regions (N.I. Lapin), the activity-structural paradigm (A.V. Tikhonov), concepts of mediation and sociocultural dialogue (A.S. Akhiezer, A.P. Davydov), and the subject-oriented approach in social systems management (V.E. Lepskiy). Special attention is given to the role of the polysubjective approach in the context of differentiation among Russian regions and the implementation of their socio-economic development strategies. The article argues that the objective complexity of the Russian Federation's regional composition and the unevenness of modernization necessitate a polysubjective approach to structuring relations between the center and regions. Invoking W.R. Ashby’s law of requisite variety, it is demonstrated that effective management of regional system diversity requires a corresponding diversity of management approaches at the central level. Barriers to the formation of polysubjectivity are analyzed, particularly the absence of genuine dialogue between the center and regions. The conclusion posits that polysubjectivity can serve as a key characteristic of a certain stage in the institutionalization of post-industrial type management and as a form of interaction that ensures an adequate measure of collaboration among representatives of government, business, science, and various communities.

The future in the structure of the subjective image of a student professional life

Introduction. Modern concepts of education are based on the principles of anticipation, determination of the present by the future (advanced education, Life Long Learning). The same pattern applies to the personality of both the subject of life in general and professional life in particular. Aim. Based on the theoretical and methodological analysis, identification and empirical research of the psychological characteristics of the future, the present research aims to consider the future as a personal construct in the structure of the subjective image of professional life. Methodology and research methods. The key methodological approaches are the subjective approach and the theoretical and methodological foundations for using the synergetic approach to study the psyche, mental phenomena and processes. The study employs survey methods; the methods of mathematical and statistical data processing: comparative analysis and factor analysis were carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics v.20 program. Results. Based on theoretical ideas about time modes, time perspective, psychological characteristics of organisation and perception of time, as well as the results of an analysis of the works of foreign and Russian authors, a structural-functional model of the subjective image of professional life is proposed, including four blocks: a block of retrospection, a block of regulation of actual activity, a prognostic block, and a transspective block. Scientific novelty. The use of a subjective and synergetic approach to modelling the image of the professional future is justified. A structural-functional model of the image of the professional future is proposed, including invariants that represent a formal and meaningful representation of the temporal modes of the past, present and future and a mechanism for comparing the current state with the desired (“needed future”). Practical significance. The presented structural-functional model of the subjective image of professional life can serve as the basis for the development of a subject-oriented approach to professional guidance and support of professional development at the stage of choosing a profession and professional training with practical means of constructing a professional future.

Features of the subject-oriented approach in teaching a foreign language

Features of the subject-oriented approach in teaching a foreign language

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Topical and Infiltrative Anesthesia for Dermatosurgery Through a Subject-Oriented Approach.

Introduction The skin, along with its subcutaneous tissue, constitutes one of the major organ systems of the human body. Dermatosurgery is the branch dealing with skin conditions that operate at the level of skin, without disturbing the milieu intérieur of the human organ system. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken, which included 100 patients comprised of 50 patients in each group. For group A, the topical anesthetic agent used was a eutectic mixture of topical 2.5% lignocaine and 2.5% prilocaine cream (EMLA); for group B, infiltration anesthesia with 2% lignocaine injection. Patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. All the participants were requested to rate the pain at the time of drug administration, during the dermatosurgical procedure, and post-procedurally with a visual analogue scale (VAS) separately. Results In this study, 50% of the participants were of the age group of 21-40 years. Males constituted 57.8% whereas females constituted 42.2%. The common procedures performed in the study were electrocautery at 37%, intralesional platelet-rich plasma (PRP) at 16%, and intralesional steroid at 7%. In group A, the VAS score during drug administration was 0. In the group B, 70% had a VAS score of 4-6, and 30% had a VAS score of 1-3 pre-procedurally. The mean VAS score during procedure was 3.06 for group A and 1.03 for group B. Conclusion The study inferred that topical anesthesia is a better choice in superficial dermatosurgical procedures for providing adequate anesthesia and improved compliance when compared to infiltrative anesthesia.

Субъектно-ориентированный подход в правовом регулировании (на примере производства по делам об административных правонарушениях)

The article is devoted to the application of the subject-oriented approach in legal regulation. As an example, the proceedings on cases of administrative offenses are considered in terms of the status of participants in the proceedings that facilitate the conduct of proceedings in the case. Special attention is paid to the status of the prosecutor. A comprehensive analysis of the content of the statuses of these persons is carried out, which includes a comparison of these statuses with each other, as well as with the provisions governing the relevant procedural actions. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals are formulated to improve the legal regulation of this production, as well as some recommendations of a methodological nature.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ СУБЪЕКТНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОДХОДА ПРИ ОКАЗАНИИ ПОДДЕРЖКИ СУБЪЕКТАМ МСП

The article analyzes the current criteria for small and medium-sized businesses, as well as government measures to support business entities. As a result of the research and analysis, the need to change the existing criteria was identified and a more detailed system based on a subject-oriented approach using industry specifics was proposed. The proposed categorization system ensures the systematization and ordering of the support provided, so that its effectiveness is expressed in targeting specific economic entities.

Harnessing Innovation to Combat Corruption: Effective Assessment of an Official’s Propensity for Corruption

One of the most important tasks in managing the activities of public authorities is to prevent corruption among employees and ensure integrity in the performance of their organisational, managerial or administrative duties. The study of the behavioural patterns of officials who make decisions to commit corrupt acts in their professional duties is central to combating corruption. The systematisation of literature sources and approaches to the study of motives for corruption has shown that the main driving forces of corrupt behaviour are the intentions of individual and collective features, namely, the desire to obtain financial gain, job dissatisfaction, a corrupt environment within an organisation, and impunity for corruption offences. A subject-oriented approach to assessing an official’s propensity to engage in corrupt practices is investigated in this article. The peculiarity of the investigated methodology is to determine the behavioural and personal features of an official in professional activity and consider the synergistic effect that arises in the case of a simultaneous positive answer from the respondent to the control questions. The author’s methodology for assessing the propensity of an official to engage in corrupt practices includes 16 key questions in the questionnaire. An important element of the proposed methodology is the formation of an “ideal matrix”, which contains combinations of factors that increase officials’ intentions to engage in corruption. The “ideal matrix” was approved following a brainstorming process with experts. Fifty officials aged 27 to 65 years from institutions and organisations in Sumy (Ukraine) were the subject of the study. According to the assessment, one-third of respondents had a high or medium propensity to engage in corrupt practices. Empirical findings have shown that men are more tolerant of corruption than women are, and people aged 51-65 years have the highest propensity for corruption. This methodology allows for the latent quantification of officials’ propensity for corruption and, accordingly, the introduction of measures for preventing criminal corruption early in public administration.

The Concept of a Subsystem to Support the Management of the Protection of Intangible Assets of Companies from a Behavioural Perspective

The human factor is the biggest challenge for enterprises in providing the expected level of security, whereas the lack of educated personnel is one of the key problems in building an effective system for protection against data and information threats. A human being is a non-programmable element of the system and it is difficult to predict his or her behavior in information management processes and in the face of a specific event. Humans cannot be programmed like some security applications or hardware solutions with predictable performance. Human actions very often have a stochastic effect on the operation of the system. They can be ill-considered, haphazard, affected by emotions, and taken without due attention and adequate knowledge and experience (Pham et al., 2019). All these imperfections are exploited by those whose goal is to destroy or obtain information. According to data published by several information security companies, attacks carried out by purpose-built bots and web applications that exploit a technical factor (e.g., system vulnerabilities) are becoming increasingly rare, and are being replaced by attacks in which human interaction is a key factor. The curiosity and trust, leading well-meaning individuals to click, install, open, and send information, are being exploited by cybercriminals who are increasingly adept at using social engineering techniques.
 The aim of the present paper is to discuss the theoretical basis of information security issues from the behavioral perspective and to present the concept of a subsystem that implements measures to minimize the impact of the human factor on the emergence of threats to the intangible resources of a business entity. The concept is to create an information and organizational space to support the operation of the traditional information security management system in small and medium-sized enterprises. The concept is presented using the object-oriented approach which focuses on the functional elements of the system, and the subject-oriented approach, which takes into account the relationships between the various individuals who affect the security of the information system. The author's models of each approach were presented along with a description of how they work.

More than linguistic needs and more than one perspective: Reconstructing perspectives of pupils with linguistically and spatially discontinuous school biographies and drawing implications for all school stakeholders

In the article we argue for a reconstructive and subject-oriented approach to data collection and analysis in order to reconstruct perspectives of pupils with linguistically and spatially discontinuous school biographies as a basis for needs analysis. The paper takes an in-depth look at a narrative interview with such a pupil using the Documentary Method. Based on the analysed interview passage and with recourse to the praxeologically extended sociocultural theories of SLA, we derive initial implications for schools with pupils with migratory experiences. One crucial assumption is that, in order to create better educational opportunities for children with migratory experiences, school staff need to systematically develop contingency competence. By contingency competence we mean the sensitivity and awareness of the principal openness of human life forms and their diverse possibilities for linguistic, material, and practical expression. Conclusions are drawn on what the required competencies contain and how an inclusive school can be created.

Искусственный интеллект в контексте философского осмысления

The article is devoted to the philosophical understanding of artificial intelligence and the effects that accompany its functioning. The author sees the main problem in the collision of opposing processes. On the one hand, the intensive development of high technologies, driven by AI, on the other hand, the lack of a holistic social and humanitarian reflection focused on understanding how technological develop­ment is aimed at creating a reality suitable for the life of future generations. The article analyzes three groups of problems. Firstly, the author considers the con­tent of the concept of “agreed state of the future”, taking into account the request for environmental literacy and fixing the specifics of the hybrid world. Secondly, she suggests un understanding of the direction of AL development and the risks as­sociated with it. Thirdly, the turn to datafication is discussed, which forms a new type of dominance. The methodological strategy includes the principles of conver­gence and determination of the future, as well as taking into account the phe­nomenon of emergence. The subject-oriented approach, which emphasizes the pri­orities of human-sized existence, is effective. The author comes to conclusion that the level of AI maturity conflicts with the expectations associated with the abstract possibilities of its development. The paradox of the hybrid world is revealed, the problematic nature of the symbiosis of the biological “I” and the technological world and the non-self-sufficiency of datafication are shown.

WHITHER ASEAN SMART CITIES NETWORK? EVIDENCE FROM SINGAPORE AND ITS ENERGY POLICY

The article analyses the ASEAN Smart Cities Network (ASCN) as part of ASEAN’s integration agenda in the context of Singapore’s experience, with a focus on its energy policy. On tracing the origins and evolution of the ASCN, its drivers and limitations, the paper turns to analyzing Singapore’s priorities and policy in developing smart city programs, strategic and tactical aspects of its energy dimension. The energy component of Singapore’s smart city development policy is a representative example of effective management to follow by other ASEAN member states. The paper concludes by several arguments. Although the ASCN is ASEAN’s laudable attempt to intensify regional integration, serious non-ASCN and ASCN-specific obstacles hinder its progress. Singapore finds it relatively easy to develop its smart city initiatives, as innovations and cutting-edge solutions have been a backbone of its policy for a long time. The development of the energy sector is an integral part of Singapore’s economic growth and directly affects its social and economic modernization paradigm. Although selected aspects of this topic have been explored in academic literature, their synergy, substantiated by area research (the energy sector), has not been in the scholarly focus to date. More than that, lack of an instrumental component, exemplified by a subject-oriented approach, makes any research just a paper exercise. Responding to this methodological gap, a subject-related approach (the energy sector) synergized with regional (the ASCN) and intra-country (Singapore) trends accounts for the novelty, originality and relevance of the study.

Девиантологическая компетентность будущих педагогов и психологов

Abstract. The beginning of the new Millenia brings new social challenges adjoint with the antisocial behavior of the youth. Crime rates are clearly on the rise among the young people, and their crimes in turn significantly worsen the criminal situation in the society as a whole. The trend can be also observed in the raise of drug abuse among the younger generation, that provokes even more criminal acts. Minors are dragged into the criminal business (such as drug trafficking etc.), nudged to the side of different sexual deviances. Considering this, knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of deviantology among the specialist working with minors are especially relevant and important today. Teachers and psychologist are the part of that cohort; therefore, we talk about their professional ability to inhibit the growth of antisocial behavior among the minors.
 The goal of the study was to assess the level of expertise in the field of deviant behavior of minors among the future educators and psychologists, to research the student’s opinions on deviant persons and identify their social and professional responsibility in the sphere of pedagogical and psychological prevention of deviancy.
 Methods. Methodology of the research is based on the subject-oriented approach to the study of a person, which explores the person traits introspectively, considering the person as a carrier of an individual worldview, a certain system of individual meanings and reasons. That approach supposes that persons behavior tends to be repetitive in the most different situations happening as a result of the intervening and interplaying objective and subjective factors.
 In order to achieve the chosen goal, the authors have used a method of survey. They surveyed 144 pedagogic and psychology juniors age 20 – 25. The sample consisted of the students who not only possessed a basic level knowledge but also a personal opinion on the questions of deviant behavior.
 Results. The authors have found the following: 1) the cognitive component shows that students have relevant notions on deviant behavior, its predictors and age characteristics; 2) the affective component is more differentiated and heterogeneous then a cognitive one; 3) conative component lets us suppose that school is a key factor in minors’ socialization, but lacks powers to prevent and correct the deviant behavior of kids and young people.
 Scientific novelty. The achieved results show the necessity to provide psychology and pedagogic students the knowledge in the field of deviantology. The work widens our ideas on cognitive, affective and conative components of their learning and professional competence.
 Empirical significance. The findings of the work point us to the importance of the additional curriculum hours dedicated to the deviant behavior studies, choosing the most effective educational methods and technics in that matter, as well as offering psychological trainings raising stress resilience, forming self-regulation and constructive communication in complex life situations.

Онтологическая кибернетика как интегратор организационных систем в средах гибридной реальности

Our purpose in this paper is to clarify ontological approaches to the development of cybernetics based on epistemological and methodological propositions grounded in the concepts of scientific classical, non-classical, post-non-classical rationality – as proposed by V.S. Stepin (2005). We need to increase our under­standing of the subject-oriented approach to the analysis of cybernetic interac­tions: “subject – object” in first-order cybernetics, “subject – subject” in second-order cybernetics and “subject – metasubject” in the cybernetics of self-develop­ing reflexive-active environments, third-order cybernetics. The ideas of three or­ders of cybernetics, first, second and third have the potential of integrating a strong ontological approach to the social sciences. For this integration we pro­pose Beer’s Viable System Model (VSM), Espejo’s Viplan Methodology and Lepskiy’s self-developing reflexive-active environments. This ontological cyber­netics corresponds to the development of the philosophical and methodological foundations of cybernetics and systems towards subject-oriented approaches, grounded on Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety. We expect them to contribute to achieving adequate responses to the challenges of the 21st century at all struc­tural levels. They should be focused on adequate performance to achieve desir­able outcomes for sustainability and viability on the grounds of socio-humanitar­ian innovative criteria, using today’s digital technologies, converging with the increasingly powerful ontologies of artificial intelligence. We are offering on­tologies for organizing hybrid reality environments. Our aim through this paper is creating new ontologies adequate to the effective use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence to improve the control and communication mechanisms of social systems.

A subject-oriented approach to the development of relationships between participants in the investment and construction process in theconditions of project financing of housing construction

A subject-oriented approach to the development of relationships between participants in the investment and construction process in theconditions of project financing of housing construction

Control and evaluation activity of primary schoolchildren and its formation in mathematics lessons

The article actualizes the problem of the formation of control and evaluation activities of junior schoolchildren in mathematics lessons, reveals the essence of the basic concepts of the study. Various aspects of control and evaluation activities are described. The problem of readiness to use modern means of assessment is considered. Methods and means of forming control and evaluative independence of primary schoolchildren are systematized. The problems that are encountered when using innovative assessment tools are identified, as well as the advantages of modern assessment tools in comparison with the traditional system. The stages of the formation of control and evaluative activity in younger schoolchildren, implying the development of evaluative independence, have been determined. Control and evaluation activities should be considered as an element of formative assessment, containing control and evaluation activities of the teacher and the student. The federal state educational standard of primary general education is focused on achieving the planned results: personal, metasubject and subject. When considering metasubject results, universal educational actions are distinguished, consisting of regulatory universal educational actions, including elements of control and assessment. During the formation of control and assessment, junior schoolchildren develop control and assessment independence. Until now, the assessment system was built within the framework of a subject-oriented approach, therefore it reflects only the result of mastering knowledge in each subject, and not educational and cognitive activities or, moreover, the assessment of personal and metasubject educational achievements of students. In the new assessment system, criteria are developed jointly by the teacher and students and are aimed at ensuring that students participate in assessment and assessment activities, thereby developing the skills of control, mutual control and self-assessment. The development of pedagogical science, the experience of Russia’s participation in international procedures for assessing the quality of education, the introduction and implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard and the resulting changes in the system for assessing learning outcomes determined the relevance of the topic under consideration.

Criteria of subjectivity of master’s students instructional technology and education degree program

The source of the prospects for the development of an independent state is the education of younger generation. The globalizing world requires particular attention and responsibility in nurture the young generation. That is why the secularism of the education system is a blessing and a necessity. This article discusses the achievements and new challenges in the field of education over the years of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan.The article presents questions of the criteria and indicators for identifying and studying the subjectivity of future masters. The article analyzes the diversity and multifunctionality of the phenomenon of subjectivity in the context of an interdisciplinary approach. The strategic and practical directions for the development of the student's subjectivity in the educational process of the university are characterized on the basis of highlighting plans for the social and professional life of a future specialist in an education situation.
 
 Keywords: subject, subjectivity, subject-oriented approach, Master’s degree program, Master’s degree student, criteria, indicators;

Digital determination: can information technology become meaningful?

The article analyzes the impact of digital determination and its effects. The author poses a problem - can digital technologies become meaningful? The main goal of the article is aimed at analyzing digital determination in the context of the prospects for its meaningfulness. The article shows the deformations caused by digital determination, offers a classification of subjects, taking into account the degree of involvement in computer interactions. The author identifies the specifics of instrumental and technological rationality, draws attention to the phenomenon of “digital shadow” and infomania. The methodological strategy is based on the method of interpretation and comparative analysis. The principles of objectivity and sociocultural determination, as well as activity and subject-oriented approaches are effective. Of particular importance is the procedure of conceptualization, obtained generalizations. The author attracts modern English-language literature to the study. The main conclusions include the substantiation of the need for a complete restructuring of relations with information technologies in order to subordinate them to human reflection and awareness.

Short duration Vectorcardiogram based inferior myocardial infarction detection: class and subject-oriented approach.

Myocardial infarction (MI) happens when blood stops circulating to an explicit segment of the heart causing harm to the heart muscles. Vectorcardiography (VCG) is a technique of recording direction and magnitude of the signals that are produced by the heart in a 3-lead representation. In this work, we present a technique for detection of MI in the inferior portion of heart using short duration VCG signals. The raw signal was pre-processed using the median and Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter. The Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) was used for time-invariant decomposition of the signal followed by feature extraction. The selected features using minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevance (mRMR) based feature selection method were applied to the supervised classification methods. The efficacy of the proposed method was assessed under both class-oriented and a more real-life subject-oriented approach. An accuracy of 99.14 and 89.37% were achieved respectively. Results of the proposed technique are better than existing state-of-art methods and used VCG segment is shorter. Thus, a shorter segment and a high accuracy can be helpful in the automation of timely and reliable detection of MI. The satisfactory performance achieved in the subject-oriented approach shows reliability and applicability of the proposed technique.

Субъектно-ориентированный подход к анализу кризиса техногенной цивилизации

The paper analyzes the logic of the formation of a subject-oriented approach, which includes activity and subject-activity approaches, on the basis of ideas about scientific rationality. The model of technogenic civilization ignores the subject-oriented approach. The subject-oriented approach is useful for ana­lyzing the crisis of technogenic civilization and searching for philosophical and methodological foundations for the formation of a model of post-techno­genic civilization. The focus is on the problems of organizing hybrid reality environments, including integrated subjectness, physical and digital realities, including the realities of artificial intelligence. The ontological paradox of the model of a technogenic civilization is formulated, which limits the control of the use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in the interests of ensuring life, safety and development of social systems. The development and implementation of digital technologies and artificial intelligence is carried out in their own paradigms (morphological, logical, neurocybernetic, weak, strong, general artificial intelligence, etc.) in isolation from social values and paradigms of social systems. The technocratic approach leaves out of the con­trol of society the potential negative consequences of the use of digital tech­nologies and artificial intelligence and makes it difficult to develop and im­plement these technologies in the interests of the development and security of mankind. The problem of integrating the paradigms of social systems and artificial intelligence is urgent. Creation of appropriate conceptual and techno­logical levels and the establishment of an interface between them. To solve this problem on the basis of a subject-oriented approach, it is proposed to use a model of self-developing poly-subject (reflexive-active) environments (third-order post-non-classical cybernetics). The consequences of ignoring the sub­ject-oriented approach are illustrated by the example overcoming the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic.