Subject Of Obesity Research Articles

Depression and Obesity—Do We Know Everything about It? A Narrative Review

Introduction: Due to similarities in their pathophysiology and common psychological background, depressive disorders and obesity often occur simultaneously. The treatment of obesity can reduce the symptoms of comorbid depression and, conversely, treating depression can improve weight reduction outcomes. Purpose of this study: This review aimed to analyze the available literature on the subject of various methods of treating obesity and comorbid depression and to demonstrate the mutual correlation between the therapy of depressive disorders and the therapy of obesity. Method: The Pubmed and Cochrane databases were searched for original articles on the subject of simultaneous depression and obesity that had been published between 2014 and 2024, using the key words “depression”, “depressive symptoms”, “obesity”, and “behavioral therapy”. Results and conclusions: The successful treatment of depression can help in treating obesity, especially in motivating patients to adjust their lifestyle by changing dietary habits and increasing their physical activity, which contribute to both changes in body mass index scores and reductions in depressive symptoms. Changes in self-perception, reduced daily stress, and dietary changes, as well as increased physical activity, contribute to both weight loss and the reduction of depressive symptoms. Depression and obesity should be treated as one two-dimensional disorder to achieve better long-term treatment results.

Unleashing the power of retatrutide: A possible triumph over obesity and overweight: A correspondence.

Overweight and obesity have become global health challenges with increasing prevalence. Several drugs have received Food and Drug Administration approval for nonsyndromic obesity treatment, but most have limitations, including gastrointestinal side effects and limited weight loss efficacy. Retatrutide, a novel incretin mimetic agent, has shown promise in clinical trials for significant weight reduction. It has demonstrated dosage-dependent pharmacokinetics with favorable safety profiles. The primary focus of this paper is to explore retatrutide and critically assess its clinical trials to justify its use and feasibility while highlighting its shortcomings. This paper also delves into the subject of obesity and its health manifestations. It is expected that the use of retatrutide, a triple agonist, will result in significant weight loss among individuals who are obese or overweight.

Obesity, Bariatric Surgery and Obstructive Sleep Apnea-A Narrative Literature Review.

The purpose of this review was to analyze the available literature on the subject of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. We searched for available articles for the time period from 2013 to 2023. Obesity is listed as one of the most important health issues. Complications of obesity, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) listed among them, are common problems in clinical practice. Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for OSA, but OSA itself may contribute to worsening obesity. Bariatric surgery is a treatment of choice for severely obese patients, especially with present complications, and remains the only causative treatment for patients with OSA. Though improvement in OSA control in patients after bariatric surgery is well-established knowledge, the complete resolution of OSA is achieved in less than half of them. The determination of subpopulations of patients in whom bariatric surgery would be especially advantageous is an important issue of OSA management. Increasing the potential of non-invasive strategies in obesity treatment requires studies that assess the efficacy and safety of combined methods.

School nurses’ experience of communicating growth data and weight development to parents of children 8 and 10 years of age

IntroductionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity among children has risen sharply during recent decades. School nurses are key health professionals in interventions targeting the early onset of overweight and obesity during childhood. Understanding how school nurses experience communication with parents concerning their child´s growth and weight development are essential. The aim of the study is to describe school nurses’ experience of communicating growth data and weight development to parents of school children ages 8 and 10 years.MethodThe design of the study is a descriptive, qualitative design with purposive and snowball sampling. Sixteen interviews with school nurses were conducted and analysed with qualitative content analysis.ResultThe analysis resulted in three main categories including subcategories. In Challenges in the professional role, the school nurses expressed a lack of knowledge, skills and tools in communication, described a perception of parental responsibility and stated using several different approaches in communicating growth data and weight development to parents. In Sustainable communication with parents, the school nurses described the value of creating a dialogue, a supportive approach to the parents, and the building of a relation between them and the parents as essential. In Barriers in communicating the child´s weight, the school nurses described the experience of stigma concerning the subject of overweight and obesity, increased concern when they detected underweight as well as an ambivalence towards measuring weight.ConclusionThe study highlights an educational challenge concerning the need for training, skills, and strategies for communication with parents. A variety of ways in school nurses’ communication with parents were identified in the present study and this shows an inconsistency in how School health services was offered and a need for the development of evidence-based procedures for communicating growth data and weight development to parents.

BMI Index and ABO Blood Grouping Influence on Pain Perception: A Systematic Review

Establishment on The stream exact review considered investigation dispersed inside the 10 years going before June 2020, dealing with the subject of obesity and pain and abo blood groups. Inside the setting of the perplexing natural and social interrelationships among these marvels, we hoped to perceive openings in the composition and to include key concentrations for future transdisciplinary research. The overall thought norms were that the included examinations could directly add to our understanding of these perplexing research.
 We glanced through PubMed/Medline/Cochrane/science direct/Embase informational indexes returning 10 years, using the fundamental chase terms "weight" and "pain,abo blood grouping," and for a discretionary request we used the pursuit terms "pain" and "abo blood,obesity."
 Results Included assessments (n= 90) are in a general sense human; regardless, some animal considers were joined to further develop appreciation of related fundamental natural wonders or possibly where human data were missing or inside and out limited.

Child and adolescent obesity

<h2>Abstract</h2> Obesity and overweight are a pandemic that has been building since the 1980s. The causes are multi-factorial, and the solutions are ultimately political. The consequences, however, are medical. Admissions to hospital with obesity-related illness increased 4-fold between 2000 and 2009, and paediatricians regularly see comorbidities in their clinics and on their wards. Broaching the subject of obesity and overweight when we are talking to young people and their families is difficult. Detailed history and examination, in a systemic and non-judgemental way can identify these comorbidities so that they may be treated. Not to do so is a missed opportunity. Interdisciplinary working can support the child and their family to manage their weight. This article offers some personal experience and practical advice for health care professionals who want to make a real difference to the children in their care.

Impact of an educational intervention combining clinical obesity preceptorship with electronic networking tools on primary care professionals: a prospective study

BackgroundPrimary care providers’ (PCPs) attitude toward obesity is often negative, and their confidence level for helping patients manage their weight is low. Continuing professional development (CPD) on the subject of obesity is often based on a single activity using a traditional passive approach such as lectures known to have little effect on performance or patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention for obesity management on PCPs’ attitude, self-efficacy, practice changes and patient-related outcomes.MethodsProspective interventional study with 12 months follow-up. A two-day clinical obesity preceptorship was offered where participants were actively involved in competence building using real-life situations, in addition to electronic networking tools, including a discussion forum and interactive monthly webinars. Thirty-five participants (12 nurses and 23 physicians) from seven Family medicine groups were enrolled. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the impact on primary care nurses’ and physicians’ attitudes and self-efficacy for obesity management. Practice changes and patient outcomes were evaluated using clinical vignettes, de-identified electronic patient records and qualitative analyses from group interviews.ResultsPhysicians’ general attitude towards patients with obesity was improved (61 ± 22 mm vs 85 ± 17 mm, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy for obesity management and lifestyle counselling were also improved immediately and 1 year after the intervention (all Ps < 0.05). De-identified patient records and clinical vignettes both showed improvement in recording of weight, waist circumference and evaluation of readiness to change lifestyle (all Ps < 0.05) that was confirmed by group interviews. Also, 15% of patients who were prospectively registered for weight management had lost more than 5% of their initial weight at the time of their last visit (P < 0.0001, median follow-up of 152 days).ConclusionA multimodal educational intervention for obesity management can improve PCPs’attitude and self-efficacy for obesity management and lifestyle counselling. This translates into beneficial practice changes and patient-related outcomes.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01385397. Retrospectively registered, 28 June 2011.

Diabesity in the Arabian Gulf: Challenges and Opportunities.

Diabesity (diabetes associated with obesity) is a major global and local public health concern, which has almost reached an epidemic order of magnitude in the countries of the Arabian Gulf and worldwide. We sought to review the lifestyle trends in this region and to highlight the challenges and opportunities that health care professionals face and attempt to address and correct them. In this regard, we aimed to review the regional data and widely held expert opinions in the Arabian Gulf and provide a thematic review of the size of the problem of diabesity and its risk factors, challenges, and opportunities. We also wished to delineate the barriers to health promotion, disease prevention, and identify social customs contributing to these challenges. Lastly, we wished to address specific problems with particular relevance to the region such as minimal exercise and unhealthy nutrition, concerns during pregnancy, the subject of childhood obesity, the impact of Ramadan fasting, and the expanding role of bariatric surgery. Finally, general recommendations for prevention, evidence-based, and culturally competent management strategies are presented to be considered at the levels of the individual, community, and policymakers.

The impact of physical activity and exercise on obesity

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Abstract&#x0D; Introduction: The health benefits of regular physical activity alone are real, and the World Health Organisation has afforded great importance to the issue of obesity, and considers it to be an epidemic, which is threatening global health. Despite the fact that the subject of obesity emerged in developed countries, Arab countries began experiencing this phenomenon, due to changes in lifestyle among its citizens. Physical activity may favourably affect body fat distribution. Our study aims to study the impact of physical activity and exercise on obesity. Method: The research sample was 165 adolescents with an average age of 17.8 years old. A questionnaire was used to estimate physical activity and exercise. The body mass index (BMI) is used to determine obesity. Result: The results of the study indicated that there is a relationship between physical activity and exercise and obesity, and also between the amount of exercise and type of physical activity and obesity. Conclusion: Physical activity and exercise have an impact on obesity. Through the study results, we recommend the importance of physical activity and exercise for teenagers, because the continuous practice of physical activity reduces obesity.&#x0D; Keywords: obesity, physical activity and exercise, adolescence.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Índice de masa corporal y percepción de mujeres mayas obesas de Quintana Roo, México

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antecedentes: &lt;/strong&gt;La preocupación por el cuerpo y las prácticas alimentarias de riesgo son dos temas que últimamente han cobrado interés entre las/os nutricionistas, pues además de observar estas características en mujeres de población urbana de diversas edades, estudios realizados en zonas rurales, con población mestiza e indígena de México, evidencian que el problema ya se presenta en mujeres pobres y marginadas. &lt;strong&gt;Objetivo:&lt;/strong&gt; conocer la percepción corporal de mujeres que viven en zonas mayas de México. &lt;strong&gt;Métodos:&lt;/strong&gt; El estudio tuvo dos fases: una cuantitativa, a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario y otra cualitativa que consistió en la realización de grupos focales. Se pesó y midió a mujeres en la comunidad maya de Chun-Yah en el estado de Quintana Roo y se les solicitó que eligieran una figura anatómica con la que se identificaran según su percepción. &lt;strong&gt;Resultados:&lt;/strong&gt; Se obtuvo su índice de masa corporal, su percepción y su deseo por tener un determinado cuerpo. Se encuestó a 51 mujeres mayas en la primera fase quienes tuvieron un promedio de peso de 65 Kg, de estatura de 1.42 m y un IMC de 31.5 kg/m², y más de la mitad se percibieron delgadas. Durante la realización de los grupos focales se detectó una ambivalencia entre su percepción y deseo pues en la comunidad la gordura no es tan estigmatizada. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusiones:&lt;/strong&gt; se discute la necesidad de realizar más estudios empíricos en poblaciones rurales y discutir categorías de análisis diferentes a las biomédicas, como medicalización, lipofobia y discurso médico.&lt;/p&gt;

Readers panel - The thorny subject of obesity

Should nurses and midwives warn obese women that their weight is endangering the future health of their children and grandchildren?

The Use of Narrative as a Treatment Approach for Obesity: A Storied Educational Program Description.

Childhood obesity is a health care crisis according to the leading pediatric advocacy groups (National Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Diabetes Association) and the White House. The problem has reached epidemic proportions for all children, but it has an even greater impact on racial minorities. The subject of childhood obesity can lead to a host of medical, psychological, and social problems, including low self-esteem and discrimination.We wrote an interventional children's book and workbook (The Tale of Two Athletes: The Story of Jumper and The Thumper) and developed a three-step intervention based on the narrative. The intervention's purpose is to increase public awareness, reduce stigma, and to help members of underserved communities become more comfortable discussing obesity. In classrooms and other community settings, a storied education program is presented to students of various ages. Interactive storytelling is the first step: live narration with direct listening and active participation. Didactic information on obesity is shared, including a sociocultural explanation for why the issue is more problematic among racial minorities. The audience is then introduced to the story of Jumper and The Thumper, two larger-than-life characters who experience different outcomes as a result of their choices about diet and exercise. True examples are described during the narration about these two young men, accompanied by cartoons and photographs for visual emphasis.The next step is reading: audience members are provided with a book to reinforce what was learned. Readers are allowed to more closely examine the importance of making healthy choices.Practicing positive behaviors and decision making through games and exercises from the companion workbook is the final step. These activities help children and their families live a healthier lifestyle. The goal is that these three steps, linked to a common narrative, will have a meaningful impact on obesity by creating behavioral change. Children, parents, and health care professionals have stated their enthusiastic response to the information and message and that they have made positive changes in children's eating and exercise habits. The program has been presented in community forums, churches, medical meetings, and elementary schools in at-risk communities. New strategies must be developed to lead, uplift, and empower through health and wellness education and through community collaboration if we are to change the direction of course toward this devastating condition that affects our most valuable commodity-our children. This community-based educational approach is a means to help recognize and treat obesity in underserved communities.

Evaluation of a tactic to engage hard-to-reach patients during the exercise referral process: a longitudinal qualitative study

Objectives General practitioners (GPs) have been reluctant to promote physical activity with overweight and obese patients, due to concerns about damaging the GP patient relationship. A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted to evaluate a small group of health professionals (HPs) and their patients’ perspectives of the referral process for exercise in a Primary Care setting.Methods 12 patients aged 55-74 and their 6 referring HPs, including 5 GPs and 1 Practice Nurse. Semi-structured interviews took place on two occasions over an 8 month period in a Primary Care Health Centre. Transcripts of recorded interviews were coded and thematically analysed using a grounded theory approach.Results HPs and patients identified difficulties associated with broaching the subject of obesity. HPs identified that tensions could arise when discussing weight management and exercise. Patients identified disliking the way that their HP had introduced the subject of obesity and the need for physical activity. The patients later acknowledged that the consultation where a direct approach was used (shock tactic), was the motivation necessary to engage them with the exercise referral scheme.Conclusion Shock tactics by HPs can be an effective method of engaging hard-to-reach patients with a physical activity intervention. NHS service commissioners should consider training HPs to identify and engage patients that would benefit from such an approach.

NICE aims to help staff broach the subject of obesity with patients

Training would give nurses confidence to raise concerns about weight with patients, according to draft guidance from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

A review of the literature on the social and environmental factors which influence children (aged 3–5 years) to be obese/overweight and the accuracy of parental perceptions

Objective: This article aims to review the previously published literature on the social and environmental factors which influence children (aged 3–5 years) to be obese/overweight and the accuracy of parental perceptions. Obesity levels are on the increase in today’s society and habits are being passed from parents to children, with family lifestyle choices often influencing this health condition. Childhood obesity has many consequences; therefore it is vital that action is taken to stop this epidemic spreading further. Design: A variety of databases and websites were used to search for relevant and up-to-date research studies and information on the subject of childhood obesity. Setting: There appears to be a dearth of research focusing on nursery and primary one-aged children, especially within the United Kingdom (UK). Therefore the literature focuses on this group within the population. Method: Several studies on childhood obesity were identified and critically analysed in the following areas: childhood obesity and environment, childhood obesity and socioeconomic status. Results: It became obvious from the identified studies that there is no clear solution to solving the issue of obesity in young children. Conclusion: It appears that targeting several factors within their lives is the only way to begin to see a change in children’s lifestyles which will hopefully be passed onto future generations.

Editorial for BJCP Special Obesity Edition

Editorial for BJCP Special Obesity Edition

Obesity in Nigeria: Current trends and management

The objective of the study is to review the current knowledge on the problems associated with obesity, as well as the measures and strategies that have evolved in its management. A review of the literature on the subject of obesity, its epidemiology, risk factors, clinical complications and treatment (using Medline computer search). Obesity occurs worldwide and the prevalence is increasing in both developed and developing countries. It has therefore become an important health issue globally because of its negative impact on health especially its contribution to morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases. The development of obesity is a gradual process fuelled by environmental factors, which operate in both developed and developing countries. Its incidence continues to rise globally, but whereas the developed countries are making serious efforts to stem the rising tide, Nigeria, it would appear, is yet to actively join in this campaign. Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 54 (1) 2008: pp. 11-15

Obesity in Pregnancy: Pre-Conceptional to Postpartum Consequences

ObjectiveTo review the effects of obesity on reproduction and pregnancy outcome. MethodsA search of the literature was performed using key word searching and citation snowballing to identify English language articles published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2006, on the subject of obesity and its effects on pregnancy. Once the articles were identified, a thorough review of all results was conducted. Results and conclusions were compiled and summarized. ResultsObesity during pregnancy was linked with maternal complications ranging from effects on fertility to effects on delivery and in the postpartum period, as well as many complications affecting the fetus and newborn. The maternal complications associated with obesity included increased risks of infertility, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, and delivery by Caesarean section. Fetal complications included increased risks of macrosomia, intrauterine fetal death and stillbirth, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. ConclusionObesity causes significant complications for the mother and fetus. Interventions directed towards weight loss and prevention of excessive weight gain must begin in the pre-conception period. Obstetrical care providers must counsel their obese patients regarding the risks and complications conferred by obesity and the importance of weight loss. Maternal and fetal surveillance may need to be heightened during pregnancy; a multidisciplinary approach is useful. Women need to be informed about both maternal and fetal complications and about the measures that are necessary to optimize outcome, but the most important measure is to address the issue of weight prior to pregnancy.

The Dilemma of Weight Loss in Diabetes

People with diabetes receive mixed messages about weight loss from magazines, newspapers, friends, family, and, yes, even health professionals. Few subjects have accumulated as much misleading and potentially dangerous folklore as the subject of obesity. A common message is that losing weight is just a matter of willpower, and if you have been losing weight and reach a plateau, it's because you've lost your willpower and are no longer following your diet. Furthermore, for people with type 2 diabetes, the message often is that weight loss is the answer to improving glucose control: “If you just lose 20 lb, you won't need insulin.” What does research tell us about these issues, and what should our messages as health professionals be to people with diabetes? Obesity is a serious worldwide problem and is associated with the risk of developing diabetes. Today, more than 1.1 billion adults worldwide are overweight, and 312 million of them are obese.1 In the past 20 years, the rates of obesity have tripled in developing countries that have adopted a Western lifestyle, with the Middle East, Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia, India, and China facing the greatest increase. Consequently, the number of people with diabetes in these countries is expected to increase from 84 million in 2000 to 228 million by 2030. Thus, preventing obesity is a high priority for the prevention of diabetes and other chronic diseases. According to some obesity researchers, it may not be possible to decrease the current numbers of overweight and obese people in the United States, but we need to try to slow or prevent the increase that has been occurring at an alarming rate.2 The hope is that slowing the rising prevalence of obesity will also slow the diabetes epidemic. Can this be accomplished? Thus far, nothing seems to …

Endocrinology

&lt;p&gt;It is my pleasure to serve as a guest editor of this issue of &lt;cite&gt;Pediatric Annals&lt;/cite&gt;. The focus of this issue is pediatric endocrinology. The first three articles bring current relevance to the subject of obesity, one of the most important health challenges facing our society today. Additional topics of type 1 diabetes mellitus, puberty, and the current uses of growth hormone complete this issue of &lt;cite&gt;Pediatric Annals&lt;/cite&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h4&gt;ABOUT THE GUEST EDITOR&lt;/h4&gt; &lt;p&gt;James R. Kerrigan, MD, has been Professor of Pediatrics at Wake Forest University Health Sciences in Winston-Salem, NC, since 2004. The majority of his professional time is devoted to the clinical care of children with endocrine disorders and diabetes mellitus. In addition, he has responsibility for teaching medical students, pediatric residents, and other healthcare providers. Dr. Kerrigan also conducts several clinical research trials in the area of growth hormone.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Dr. Kerrigan received his undergraduate degree at Penn State University in State College, PA, and his medical degree from Penn State University College of Medicine in Hershey, PA. He completed his internship and residency in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Massachusetts, then fellowship training in the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology at the University of Virginia, where he subsequently assumed a faculty position. During his tenure in Virginia, Dr. Kerrigan was actively involved in both basic and clinical research in the areas of growth hormone and the endocrinology of puberty.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Prior to 2004, Dr. Kerrigan was a faculty member in the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology at Penn State University. He maintained active involvement in clinical care and was the Medical Director of the Pediatric Diabetes and Insulin Pump Program. He participated in clinical research trials, including an NIH-sponsored diabetes trial and multiple growth hormone treatment studies. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Throughout his academic career, Dr. Kerrigan has published articles in the fields of pediatric growth hormone, reproductive and puberty hormones as well as diabetes mellitus. He has lectured extensively in the general area of pediatric endocrinology and pediatric diabetes mellitus.&lt;/p&gt;