School Subjects Research Articles

CLASSROOM INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES AND STUDENTS ENGAGEMENT IN MATHEMATICS SUBJECT IN PUBLIC DAY SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RWANDA, A CASE OF NYARUGENGE DISTRICT, RWANDA

The purpose of this research was to examine the connection between classroom instructional practices and students involvement in Mathematics subjects in public day secondary schools in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. The specific objectives wereto assess the effect of using classroom mathematics toolkits on students engagement in Mathematics subject in public day secondary schools in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda, to assess the effect, teacher feedback and cooperative learning strategies on students engagement in Mathematics subject in public day secondary schools in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. The sample size comprised 57 teachers, 19 deputy head teachers in charge of studies, 19 head teachers, 10 sector education inspectors, one district education officer in charge of Secondary and TVET schools, and one District Director of the Education Unit totaling 107 respondents. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine correlation between dependent and independent. Results indicated teachers use a computer with a projector, 34.0% were strongly agreed, and 30.9% were agreed. Result felt that teachers use provided scripted lesson in class-room instruction. There statistically association between theuse a computer with a projector and active participation (r=.320, p-value=0.001), with asking questions (r=.317, p-value=0.001). Contrary to insignificant correlation between provided scripted lesson and answering teachers questions (r=0.006, p-value=0.950). Results showed the recognizable student effort, 55.9% show a strong agreement. A strong relationship was established between recognizable student effort and active participation (r=0.425**, p-value =0.000), The study felt association between positive interdependence and active participation, asking questions, and answering teachers questions since the p-value was less than 0.05.The study recommends that school make supervision to teachers so as to find out the way that they perform their tasks and to give them some professional advice. Policy makers should elaborate updated professional guidelines which can be used while teaching sciences specifically in mathematics subject so as to improve the students engagement in mathematics. The ministry of education in Rwanda should give training to teachers about strategies which should be used while teaching mathematics and other science subjects so as increase students academic performance.

Can High Involvement of Roma Parents Combat the Impact of Poverty? Resilience and Parental Involvement in the Success of Roma Students at School from the Students’ Perspective

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: A recurring question in Romani studies is why it is difficult to achieve breakthrough successes in inclusion programs. These programs focus mainly on school subjects, although the role of parents is crucial to solving the problem. This study, therefore, concerns parents and their roles in school success. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The purpose of this study is 1) to reveal how Roma and non‑Roma pupils perceive their parents’ involvement (PI) and 2) to come closer to explaining how PI affects students’ school success under the control of other variables. The analysis sheds light on the views of children of Roma and non‑Roma parents in Hungary. Cross‑tabulation analysis and linear regression analysis were applied. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The database called Discovery of Hidden Value of Mentoring (DHVM) was analysed, which includes data from 13–14‑year‑old students (N = 206; 31.1% Roma, 68.9% non‑Roma). RESEARCH RESULTS: For all school‑based and home‑based PI indicators apart from one (parent–teacher conferences), Roma and non‑Roma parents showed the same results. A student’s disadvantaged financial situation most strongly determined their level of school success, overriding the compensatory effect of PI. The variance explained by the regression model was 30.4%, and the model was significant (F(7) 5.18, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: Although financial disadvantage overrides the compensatory effect of PI on school careers and political entities need much action to improve people’s financial situation, schools and families cannot look only to the outside for solutions. The most significant finding of the research is that there is a hidden resource to improve the school success of Roma pupils, namely PI. Based on the results, the schools are recommended to conduct the partner cooperation with parents, because together they can increase the children’s future opportunities and resilience.

Effect of the Discussion Method on the Achievement of Islamic Studies Students in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

The role of instructional methods in teaching and learning could not be undermined. The methods adopted in teaching situation has been stressed over the years, to be among the factors determining students’ academic achievement in school subjects. Thus, this study was carried out with a view to examine the effect of discussion teaching method on senior secondary school students’ achievement in Islamic studies in Oyo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined: a. differences in the achievement in Islamic studies of secondary school students exposed to discussion and conventional methods. b. the effect of gender on the achievement of secondary school students taught Islamic studies using discussion. The study employed quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, non-randomised control group design. This made use of 2x2 factorial matrixes. quasi-experimental design and the population involved the students offering Islamic Studies in Senior Secondary Schools in the study areas. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting the population of the study. Islamic Studies Achievement Test (ISAT) and Instructional Guide on Islamic Studies Teaching (IGIST) served as the instruments for data collection. The sample for the study consisted 55 students (29 males and 26 females) exposed to discussion (experimental group) and the control group of 48 students (23 males and 25 females). The students' scores were analysed using mean scores, standard deviation, t-test and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics. The findings of the study showed that: 1. Students’ achievement in Islamic Studies was improved when exposed to discussion method. 2. There is significant difference in the achievement in Islamic studies of secondary school students exposed to discussion and conventional methods 3. Gender has no effect on the achievement of Islamic Studies students when exposed to discussion method. In line with the findings of the study, it is recommended that discussion method be adopted and encouraged in teaching Islamic Studies. There is need for making teaching-learning of Islamic Studies student-centred so as to improve teaching-learning process. There is need for the writing and production of Islamic Studies textbooks that would conform to the use of discussion method.

Development of Interactive Media Using Macromedia Flash 8 Software in Natural Sciences Subjects in Elementary Schools

This research aims to develop interactive media using Macromedia Flash 8 software in science and technology subjects in elementary schools. This research uses a Research and Development (RD) approach with the Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate (ADDIE) model. It was conducted at three elementary schools in West Sumatra with fourth-grade students as research subjects. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from teacher and student practicality questionnaires, as well as evaluation tests in the form of pretest and posttest. Data collection utilized validation sheets, questionnaires, and evaluation tests. The results of the interactive multimedia validity test based on Macromedia Flash 8 were found to be in a very valid category (scoring 81-100% based on expert assessments) with an average percentage of 90%. The practicality assessment yielded an average percentage of 88.5% in the highly practical category (scoring 85.01-100%). The effectiveness evaluation resulted in an N-Gain Score (a metric measuring the increase between pre and post-test scores) of 0.77, indicating a high level of gain, and a percentage of 77.87 in the effective category.The evaluations affirm that Macromedia Flash 8-based interactive media is valid, practical, effective, and suitable for educational use in enhancing science learning for elementary students. The findings have implications for integrating such multimedia tools in science curriculum design and teacher training to facilitate more engaging and effective delivery of abstract scientific concepts. Future research could explore wider implementation and long-term impacts on student learning outcomes.

Postgraduate studies qualifying for teaching mathematics as another subject

The idea for the project was inspired by experiences and observations related to postgraduate studies qualifying for teaching mathematics as a second subject (PSQTM). One important goal of the project was a comprehensive analysis of the issues related to postgraduate mathematics teacher education. In the project we wanted to diagnose substantive and didactic competences of teachers taking postgraduate studies qualifying for teaching mathematics as another subject in primary and secondary school.

Identification of Misconceptions and Causes of Misconceptions in Stoichiometry Material Using Four Tier Multiple Choice (4TMC)

Stoichiometry is one of the materials in chemistry subjects in high school that contains basic concepts to understand other chemical concepts. At the same time, a few class X students need help understanding and even experience misconceptions. This study aims to identify subconcepts that experience misconceptions, the percentage of students who experience misconceptions, and the causes of misconceptions that occur in students. The research method used is the quantitative descriptive method. The sample of this study was students of grade X MIPA at SMA N 1 Jetis, which was taken based on purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument used was the Four Tier Multiple Choice (4TMC) diagnostic test instrument. The pattern of answers, reasons, and confidence rating from the Four Tier Multiple Choice (4TMC) test results are then processed and analyzed to obtain significant misconception data from students. The results of the research obtained, namely, there were misconceptions in stoichiometric material, especially in the subconcepts of Avogadro's Hypothesis, Proust's Law (Law of Fixed Comparison), Dalton's Law (Law of Multiple Comparison), Ar and Mr, the percentage of grade X students at SMA Negeri 1 Jetis on stoichiometric material who experienced misconceptions of 25.35% which was classified as a low category, as well as the causes of misconceptions experienced by grade X students at SMA Negeri 1 Jetis on the material This stoichiometry comes from teachers, learners, and books. Misconceptions originating from teachers are related to learning methods, techniques, and delivery. Misconceptions originating from students are caused by wrong conceptions of learners, dependent algorithmic phenomena, learners' abilities, and students' interests, which need to be improved. At the same time, the misconception from the book is the existence of inappropriate concepts in the student's notebook. Identifying these misconceptions is expected to be the first step to remediate student misconceptions on stoichiometric material and prevent prolonged misconceptions.

Articulate Storyline 3 Media to Improve Learning Outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences Subjects in Fourth-Grade Elementary School

The lack of utilization and varied use of learning media means that student learning outcomes have not been achieved optimally in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in grade IV elementary schools. This research aims to create a product in the form of Articulate Storyline 3 which is used as a learning medium for Natural and Social Sciences subjects, and material about cultural diversity in Indonesia. The type of research used is Research and Development with the ADDIE development model. The subjects in this research included media experts, material experts, teachers, and 28 fourth-grade elementary school students. Data collection in this research took the form of test techniques and non-test techniques. Test techniques use pretest and posttest, while non-test techniques use observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Furthermore, the data analysis techniques used were the normality test, t-test, and N-Gain test which were processed using the SPSS 23 application. The N-Gain test in small-group trials and large-group trials obtained values of 0.60 and 0.64 in the medium category, so it was concluded that there was an increase in the average student pretest and posttest scores. Thus, this research concludes that the Articulate Storyline 3 media is very suitable and effective for use in improving student learning outcomes on cultural diversity material in Indonesia in class IV elementary schools.

An Art – redundant school subject?

Artykuł, niemający ambicji opracowania będącego efektem analitycznych badań naukowych, podejmuje problem bardzo poważnych zaniedbań w nauczaniu plastyki w polskiej szkole. Odwołując się do swoich doświadczeń zawodowych, autor punktuje przyczyny abnegacji w tym przedmiocie i wskazuje jej groźne społecznie skutki. Kondycja przedmiotu plastyka w polskiej szkole jest zła i nieadekwatna do rozbudowanych teorii naukowych przypisujących mu istotną rolę w rozwoju człowieka. Patrząc na problem bardziej merkantylnie, a więc z bliższych naszym czasom pozycji, dojdziemy do wniosku, iż zamiar zmniejszania dystansu do wysokorozwiniętego cywilizacyjnie Zachodu i związane z tym rosnące zapotrzebowanie na wysokiej jakości produkty grafiki komputerowej, a także prognozy dotyczące zawodów przyszłości powinny skłaniać naszych decydentów do zgoła innego traktowania edukacji plastycznej. Kilkuletnie dziecko czy nastolatek posiada naturalny potencjał twórczy oraz potrzebę przeżywania i kreowania piękna. System i praktyka edukacyjna w Polsce na kilka sposobów skutecznie miażdżą ten przyrodzony kapitał. Dlaczego plastyka, która jest obszarem bezkresnych możliwości oddziaływania na świeżą wrażliwość, jest powszechnie uznawana za przedmiot najniższej kategorii w szkolnej hierarchii? Skąd trudne do wytłumaczenia lekceważenie i indolencja władz państwowych, oświatowych i samych nauczycieli w tym obszarze?

INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI KEMANUSIAAN UNIVERSAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA: PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT HINDU

Universal human values serve as the cornerstone for building national character and realizing a just, peaceful, and prosperous society. Amidst the turmoil of globalization and modernization, instilling universal human values from an early age becomes crucial. Pancasila Education as a crucial subject in schools plays a strategic role in inculcating these values. Hindu philosophy, with its rich trove of universal human values, offers immense potential for integration into Pancasila Education. This journal aims to explore the universal human values embedded in Hindu philosophy and how these values can be integrated into Pancasila Education. Integrating Hindu philosophical values into Pancasila Education holds numerous benefits for Indonesia's younger generation. These values can help them develop into individuals with strong morals, noble character, and a deep respect for universal human values. While challenges and obstacles exist, this integration can yield immense benefits for Indonesia's youth and the nation's future.

Flipped Classroom Learning Model Using a Digital Self-Learning Network Infrastructure Administration

The flipped classroom model has emerged as a significant pedagogical innovation, offering an alternative approach to traditional teaching methods. This model is particularly relevant for vocational education, where practical skills and active learning are critical. Network Infrastructure Administration, a core subject in vocational high schools (SMKs), presents unique teaching challenges that can be addressed through this model. This study aims to develop and evaluate a flipped classroom learning model integrated with a digital self-learning and diagnostic system for vocational high schools' Network Infrastructure Administration course. A mixed-method research design was employed, involving quantitative and qualitative data collection. The study was conducted in several vocational high schools, with participants including teachers and students of the Network Infrastructure Administration course. Tools used included digital self-learning modules and a diagnostic system to continuously assess student performance and provide feedback. The implementation of the flipped classroom model with digital tools resulted in improved student engagement and learning outcomes. Quantitative data showed a significant increase in test scores and practical skill proficiency. Qualitative feedback from both teachers and students indicated higher satisfaction and motivation levels. The developed flipped classroom model, supported by a digital self-learning and diagnostic system, enhances the learning experience and effectiveness of teaching Network Infrastructure Administration in vocational high schools. These findings suggest that integrating technology with innovative pedagogical approaches can significantly improve vocational education. Future research should explore the long-term impact of this model and its applicability to other vocational subjects.

Analysis of The Application of Giving Rewards to Improving Social Science Learning Outcomes For Elementary School Students

Education remains linked to human life, using experiences that provide understanding and insight to develop. Giving rewards is one of the educational tools used to improve student learning outcomes in class. The goal of the reward system is to make students more attentive and focused during lessons. Good intentions towards IPAS can encourage students to study in order to obtain good learning results. It is hoped that giving rewards can be used as a strategy to improve student learning outcomes in science courses. This research uses literature study or field work as an investigative method. The data used in this research comes from the results of analysis of several articles, journals, books and articles related to research variables. In addition, this research uses a descriptive-analytic approach to examine the relationship between the learning outcomes of science and science students in basic education and the award system through a review of previous research publications. According to this research, a consistent reward system can improve student learning outcomes in science and technology subjects in elementary schools.

Cognitive Revised Bloom's Taxonomy Analysis in RPP PAI Documents in Senior High Schools (SMA)

. In 1956 Benjamin S. Bloom formulated the concept of Bloom's Taxonomy, which became known as Bloom's Taxonomy along with the evolution of educational theory. Anderson and Krathwohl then revised Bloom's Taxonomy, describing two main dimensions, namely cognitive processes and levels of knowledge. In the learning context, especially in Islamic Religious Education subjects in Senior High Schools (SMA), an essential first step is the preparation of effective learning tools, including quality learning implementation planning (RPP) based on the 2013 curriculum, with a focus on core competencies. and basic competencies. Analysis of the distribution of cognitive levels in the RPP documents for Core Competencies (KI)-3, KI-4, Basic Competencies (KD)-3, and KD-4 shows that the levels of understanding (C2), application (C3), and analysis (C4) included in the learning process. Therefore, in the context of Islamic Religious Education, these subjects have achieved higher order thinking skills (HOTS).

Teacher Misconceptions: A Phenomenon of the Lack of Knowledge in Science Subjects

Qualified teachers are a cornerstone of successful learning. This study aims to determine the understanding of teachers in elementary schools on the concept of photosynthesis in science subjects in elementary schools. This type of research is survey research. This survey was conducted on 29 elementary school teachers in South Tangerang. Sampling is done randomly (random). The instrument used is a concept statement instrument of 10 statements. The analysis that will be carried out is descriptive by looking at the percentage of misconception scores in each question item. The results showed that there were 3 question items that showed the highest level of misconceptions, with an error range of 86.2% on the presence of chlorophyll, 79.30% on the photosynthesis time item, also 72.4% on results of photosynthesis. The degree of moderate misconception is that 69.00% in statement items related to the role of light in photosynthesis and 62.10% on the photosynthetic product statement item, and. In addition to filling out questionnaires, interviews were also conducted to explore information on why the phenomenon of misconceptions can occur in teachers. The interview results showed that most of the teachers who were sampled for research and teaching science in elementary schools had different educational backgrounds (other than science) as much as 66.00%, 28.00% had science education backgrounds and 7.00% came from other educational backgrounds.

Literature Study of The Application of The Inquiry Learning Model Towards 21st Century Skills in Physics Subjects in High School

In the 21st century as the century of industrial revolution 4.0. demands that all components in the school, starting from the principal, teachers, education staff and students, be directed to develop their competencies on an ongoing basis. Innovation is the most important key in the industrial era 4.0 which requires educators to form their students with 21st century competencies, namely being able to think critically, creatively, collaboratively and communicatively. This research aims to determine the effect of the inquiry-based learning model on improving students’ 21st century skills in physics subjects in high school. In the current era, learning is no longer just monotonous learning but prioritizes 21st century skills, namely critical thinking skills, creative skills, communication skills and collaboration skills. This research is library research whose data comes from library sources, namely library research. This article was written using a comparative study method and content analysis. Comparative literature studies are carried out by examining bold primary literature, such as journals, research reports, activity reports, books, magazines, news media, and other sources that meet validity and reputation standards. Analysis carried out on relevant articles proves that the application of inquiry has a positive impact on student learning activities. It is known from the results of this literature study that the application of the inquiry learning model in teaching and learning activities has a positive influence on students’ 21st century skills in physics subjects in high school, namely critical thinking skills, creative skills, communication skills and collaboration skills.

Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa melalui Media Interaktif pada Mata Pelajaran SKI di SD

This research discusses interactive media in increasing the learning motivation of fourth grade students in the History of Islamic Culture subject in elementary schools. In the beginning, fourth grade elementary school students did not have enthusiasm for learning and also with the rapid development of technology today, we need to utilize this technology in the field of education. This research focuses on increasing the learning motivation of fourth grade students in elementary schools. And this research uses the classroom action research method. The data collection stage went through several stages, namely, interviews, lesson plans, questionnaires, motivation and documentation. Classroom action research must also be carried out for a minimum of 2 cycles. After carrying out cycle I and cycle II learning activities using interactive media, the motivation and even enthusiasm of class IV students experienced a significant increase in learning, so that we can draw the conclusion that by using interactive media we can increase students' learning motivation in the Cultural History subject. Islamic class IV elementary school.

Development of SESD (Science Education for Sustainable Development) based on Student Worksheet 'Climate Action' Social Science Content to Construct Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students

Global environmental challenges, including climate change, require a strong commitment to realising sustainable development, where education plays a key role in building awareness and skills to address these challenges, with Science Education for Sustainable Development (SESD) being an important approach in integrating sustainable concepts into the curriculum. The purpose of this research is to develop SESD-based Student Worksheets with a focus on the topic of "Climate Action" in science subjects in primary schools, to improve critical thinking skills and support sustainable development goals, particularly in handling climate change to support Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This research uses the ADDIE model, involving needs analysis through interviews with teachers, design of SESD-based Student Worksheets 'Climate Action' by taking into account the characteristics of learners and the applicable curriculum, and development of Student Worksheets by involving expert validation. The evaluation results showed that the SESD-based Student Worksheets 'Climate Action' succeeded in improving students' critical thinking skills, with an average score of 80%, which was included in the good category, and the validation of Student Worksheets and materials by experts also showed the feasibility of the product to be used in learning. The conclusion of this study is that the development of SESD-based Student Worksheets 'Climate Action' is an important step in strengthening sustainable education and increasing learners' understanding and awareness of environmental issues, with suggestions to improve the effectiveness of SESD-based learning in the future. Keywords: Critical thinking, Worksheet, SESD

Vision of Digital Competences of Primary School Students and Teachers in Bulgaria in Educational Documentation of All School Subjects

The paper presents the second part of a more extensive study on the vision of digital competences of primary school students and teachers in Bulgaria according to the educational documentation. It explores the place and the approaches for developing digital competence in the curricula of all primary school subjects where this competence is integrated as transversal. The necessary competencies for primary school teachers to develop the digital competencies of students are also indicated. The research methods employed in the study are curriculum mapping and comparative analysis of educational documentation. Additionally, more than 70 students’ textbooks and their corresponding methodological guides for primary school teachers are reviewed for further clarification. The results of the study demonstrated a deficient consistency and balance among the curricula regarding the development of digital competence. There seems to be a lack of a shared vision for the digital competencies that students should acquire in primary school, and their development as a separate subject is not aligned with their development in other subjects. Moreover, the results implied a need for conceptualization of the integration of digital competences as transversal in the curricula, referencing appropriately the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. There is also an emerging necessity to develop specific instructions for teachers on how to integrate the various key competences into the teaching of respective subjects.

Основные задачи развития этнокультурного образования в Кабардино-Балкарской Республике

The article examines the challenges facing the development of ethnocultural education, emphasizing the need to strengthen the role of ethnocultural subjects in secondary schools to continuously update program-methodical support, content, forms, and methods of ethnocultural education. The relevance of the research topic lies in the necessity to enhance the role of modern information resources and technologies in the educational process. The aim of the study is to analyze the development of ethnocultural education in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. It underscores the necessity of intensifying efforts to publish new textbooks, teaching aids, monographs on the history, culture, and arts of the KBR, among others. The importance of various programs for studying ethnic basic values, history, and culture of the republic’s peoples is emphasized. The research tasks include identifying the main directions of cultural policies in the Russian Federation that shape national and civic identity in the modern education system. The novelty of the study lies in the conceptual approach to studying the issues of ethnocultural education as a continuous humanitarian process aimed at shaping a creative, versatile personality capable of broad interaction in various fields of social practice.

Comparative didactics: Toward a generic model for analyzing content-specific dimensions of teaching quality

Since the 2000s, the Joint Action framework in Didactics (JAD) has been developed in the context of the expansion of the French-speaking research in Comparative didactics. Studies carried out with this framework typically investigate how knowledge content develop in teacher-student classroom interactions. From a quite different perspective, classroom research on teaching quality has also developed considerably in recent years. Despite the many efforts to better understand relations between generic versus subject-specific dimensions of teaching, this dichotomy remains strong in the debates on teaching quality. This contribution explores a comparative model for characterizing the quality of teaching practices from the conceptual categories of the Joint Action framework in Didactics (JAD-MTQ). Based on the comparison of teaching and learning practices in two school subjects—physics and contemporary dance—this paper pursues a twofold objective: (1) proposing a provisional set of generic criteria for capturing content-specific dimensions of teaching quality; and (2) highlighting certain methodological conditions for ensuring qualitative analyses of these dimensions of teaching quality.

SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA ARTICULATE STORYLINE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS

ABSTRACT Various challenges occur in the era of globalisation with advances in technology and information, so it is necessary to develop IPAS learning media that can improve students' critical thinking skills. Realistic and conceptual IPAS learning media will make it easier for students to understand the subject matter. This research aims to explore literature studies related to the use of Articulate Storyline learning media on students' critical thinking skills in IPAS subjects in elementary schools. This research uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. This research collected data by collecting 20 accredited national and international journal articles on the utilisation of articulate storyline learning media from 2020 to 2024. These articles were obtained from Google Scholar, Research Gate, SINTA, and DOAJ. This research shows that Articulate Storyline 3 learning media can improve students' critical thinking skills. Kata Kunci : Learning Media, Articulate Storyline, Critical Thinking