Subject Areas Research Articles

From the Journal Editor

Haere mai! Welcome to volume 1, edition 1 of the New Zealand Journal of Health and Safety Practice! The Journal is open access and online and subscriptions are free. Although published in New Zealand we hope it will be read by workers everywhere who work in the field of health, safety and wellbeing. This edition is published at the time of International Workers' Memorial Day and the 29th anniversary of the New Zealand Cave Creek tragedy. I hope the Journal will grow to share practical, research-based knowledge that will help every worker (and visitors to workplaces) to go home physically and mentally unharmed. Much work went into the development of the Journal and I thank: the authors who spent time writing and revising the articles our anonymous reviewers who spent their time reading the submissions and making comments: you have helped set the standard for the Journal. Nik Crombie and Max Sullivan in the Victoria University of Wellington Library who helped with the backroom work and technology making the Journal free to publish. The editorial team also thanks HASANZ, Engineering New Zealand, Faculty of Asbestos Management of Australia & New Zealand, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of New Zealand, Institute of Organisational Psychology, New Zealand Institute of Safety Management, New Zealand Occupational Health Nurses Association, New Zealand Occupational Hygiene Society, New Zealand Safety Council, AVID Plus Limited and Risk Management Ltd for financial and other support to help establish the Journal. Terje Aven, a Norwegian academic, wrote that “safety science is multidisciplinary. Its contributors and its audience range from psychologists to chemical engineers”; that safety science “covers the physics and engineering of safety; its social, policy and organisational aspects; the management of risks; the effectiveness of control techniques for safety; standardization, legislation, inspection, insurance, costing aspects, human behaviour and safety and the like.” The founding organisations of NZJHSP are similarly drawn from those disciplines. A call for papers for the July 2024 edition will go out shortly. I look forward to submissions for future editions of this Journal those focused on the practice of workplace health and safety through implementing the broad subject area of safety science to help protect workers and others and achieve good work conditions. References Aven, T. (2014). What is safety science? Safety Science, 67, 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.07.026

Social Media Use of University Libraries in Sri Lanka: a Content Analysis

Every academic or university library tries its best to cater to the users to get information relevant to the users’ subject areas. To fulfill that target, academic libraries use various media to cater to their users best. The use of social media sites is one of the best ways to share knowledge with users. The present study was based on the State Universities of Sri Lanka, and it was conducted to find out first the available social media sites in academic libraries in Sri Lanka and then the most popular social media sites that used to share knowledge and information among user community in the respective university communities. There are eighteen state university in Sri Lanka. It was the population of the study. The websites of all the state universities and their faculties were selected as the sample of the study. This is a survey study and summative content analysis was used to collect data for the study. After analyzing data, it was clearly identified that Facebook was the most popular social media platform that is being used to share information about the library, programs of the library as well as the mother institute.

Teacher training in secondary education: trends and contradictions

This article examines the main trends teacher training in the Russian secondary education. Based on the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches and several empirical works, the authors draw a conclusion about the importance of stable replenishment of the professional structure, including at the level of general education, as well as the presence of a number of factors influencing its success. Such factors include territorial conditions, (as well as socio-economic and demographic ones), changes in the population’s education level and the education system’s specifics (e. g., the presence of pre-vocational education as a mechanism for recruiting potential employees), among other groups of factors. This article analyzes the statistical data from the RF Ministry of Education on the number, structure, and dynamics of personnel movement in organizations implementing general education programs. The authors show several negative trends associated with an increase in the number of teachers who have left their jobs and an increase in the number of rates per full-time education worker, as well as an increase in the number of positions vacant at the beginning of the school year. The described trends have specific manifestations in urban and rural educational organizations, and manifest themselves with varying degrees of intensity in various subject areas, increasing problems with training, primarily in natural science subjects.

Bibliometric Analysis of Research Publication Trends on Job Rotation Satisfaction

Objective: Advances in data analysis tools enable the analysis of a large body of literature in the ever-growing study of Job Rotation. With the help of the Vosviewers application, you can answer research questions: the status of Job Rotation articles published in the selected journals from January 2014 – December 2023 and whether the number of Job Rotation articles has increased or decreased, and the main research topics studied in this article from 2014 to 2023, and whether it has shifted over the last 10 years. Design/methodology/approach: The method used in this research is qualitative research with a literature study approach. As for the data found, 233 documents were obtained and analyzed. This dataset was converted to CSV format and imported for Bibliometrix in analysis using VOSviwer and analysis included publication distribution year, country, keywords, and authors. Findings: The findings in this research show that 2023 will be the year with the highest number of research publications on the Job Rotation theme. The United States was identified as the country that made the largest contribution to the publication of this research. Kapellusch, J.M. is the author who contributed the most in terms of number of publications. Furthermore, the topics of work performance, motivation, talent management, and occupational safety provide great opportunities for further research to investigate these dimensions in more depth. This research also underlines the importance of bringing new contributions to the understanding of Job Rotation through further exploration of these topics. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the research should be considered the use of data derived only from the Scopus database. Originality/value: The paper reveals research trends and key research subject areas of research over the past 10 years. The results can help scholars to quickly understand job rotation research. This paper also provides an alternative approach to conducting literature reviews with computer-assisted analysis programs. The future focus for future research is towards a more thorough understanding of Job Rotation, as well as its implications in the context of human resource management and increasing organizational productivity.

Распознавание дорожных знаков российского образца с использованием нейронных сетей

The problem of creating a model for recognizing objects in images and possible ways to solve it is considered using the example of working with Russian road signs according to ISS R 52290-2004. The analysis of methods for constructing predictive models of image recognition and existing solutions in the public domain is carried out. A convolutional neural network is used as the basic model. A road sign recognition model based on the YOLOv7 transfer network has been developed as a result of training on a dataset from the Russian RTSD road sign image database. The metrics for evaluating the quality of the created model are analyzed and described. The created model meets the quality requirements for objective metrics, allows you to make forecasts taking into account specific situations in different weather conditions and at different times of the day for 146 different predefined classes. The characteristic of the class is the number of the sign according to ISS R 52290-2004. The model has a prediction accuracy of 0.847 with a prediction completeness of 0.811. The average average prediction accuracy of the model is 0.884 when tested on 493 images from the test sample. The test sample does not overlap with the training sample, which consists of 1,842 images. The developed model is published in the public domain both for use for scientific purposes and for further further education. This provides an opportunity for researchers in this field to familiarize themselves with a practical example of the implementation of the model, to supplement or improve it if necessary. The method described in this paper will allow researchers in various subject areas to find a solution that allows them to overcome resource constraints when creating a high-performance and high-quality predictive recognition model.

Prospects for the Formation of an Educational Ecosystem

During the period of higher education reform, there is an increasing need to identify new approaches and develop the discussed models of interaction between the university and students, employers and authorities, which makes it relevant to study the prospects of university structures from the perspective of the ecosystem approach. The purpose of this study is to determine the main characteristics of the ecosystem as a socio-economic phenomenon, the projection of which onto the higher education system gives an idea of the strategically significant directions of its development. Among the research methods, content analysis of scientific publications, methods of paired comparisons and aggregation of keywords for constructing verbal models, as well as methods of logical analysis and synthesis of information within the subject area of research were used. The work identifies the main parameters of educational ecosystems in terms of prospects for the development of higher education in modern Russian conditions. As a result, an integral definition of such a concept as “ecosystem” is given, and in relation to the higher education system, the possibility of building a network structure of a university system using innovative platforms aimed at realizing synergistic effects for all participants in the educational ecosystem being formed is shown.

Steam Condensation Heat Transfer in the Presence of Noncondensable Gases (NCGs) in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs): A Comprehensive Review of Fundamentals, Current Status, and Prospects for Future Research

Efficient steam condensation is crucial for safe nuclear power plant (NPP) operations, preventing pressure buildup, overheating, and the release of radioactive materials. However, the presence of noncondensable gases (NCGs), such as air, nitrogen, hydrogen, or helium, can hinder the condensation process by creating a thermal resistance layer that impedes steam diffusion and condensation on the system’s surface. Maximizing the efficiency of steam condensation requires a thorough grasp of the fundamental processes, theories, advancements, and technical hurdles. Therefore, this work thoroughly addresses these needs, with a particular emphasis on addressing the challenges posed by NCGs by dividing the work into four thematic areas. The first theme relates to a comprehensive examination of pure steam condensation phenomena, which includes an exploration of familiar condensation scenarios and various film condensation types. The second theme examines condensation in the presence of NCGs, their mixture properties, and related theories and modelling of heat and mass transfer. The third theme investigates condensation in NPP by exploring passive cooling systems and condensation phenomena under both natural and forced convection conditions during nuclear accidents, the origin of NCGs in NPP and their transportation aspects. This is followed by experimental work related to condensation scenarios and scale. Finally, the last theme looks upon the recent advancements in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of wall condensation, system analysis codes coupling with CFD, and the implementation of machine learning (ML) for predicting the condensation HTC. By bridging the gap between fundamental knowledge and practical applications, the four thematic areas presented in this work are aimed at providing a comprehensive foundation for researchers and experts in the field of steam condensation when NCGs are involved. The ultimate objective is to bolster the safety and efficacy of NPP operations by understanding the heat and mass transfer mechanisms while mitigating the risk of catastrophic events.

What does it mean to be aphasia aware? An international survey of stakeholder perspectives and experiences of aphasia awareness

ABSTRACT Background Over the past two decades, “aphasia awareness” has been studied across 19 countries and five continents. Despite international efforts, awareness of aphasia has remained persistently low and little consideration has been given to what it actually means to be “aphasia aware”. In order to raise awareness of aphasia, it is first necessary to understand how key stakeholders perceive the topic, and their experience of raising awareness of aphasia and the factors which may enable or hinder success. Aims To explore international stakeholder: (1) perspectives on aphasia awareness, (2) experiences of delivering aphasia awareness campaigns; and to identify (3) barriers to, and facilitators of, successful aphasia awareness raising activities. Methods & Procedures Two cross-sectional, international, online surveys were conducted. Survey 1 was conducted with people living with aphasia (PLWA: people with aphasia, family members, friends, carers). Survey 2 was conducted with people who work with PLWA (workers: clinicians, researchers, volunteers, consumer organisation representatives). The surveys contained 31 and 25 questions respectively across four topic areas: demographics, perspectives on aphasia awareness, experiences of running aphasia awareness campaigns, and barriers to, and facilitators of, raising awareness. Closed and open-ended responses were elicited. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Outcomes and Results A total of 105 PLWA and 306 workers, from 39 countries, completed the surveys. More than 90% of participants considered aphasia awareness to be “very” or “extremely important”, primarily due to the communication and information barriers faced by people with aphasia daily. Participants reported that being “aphasia aware” meant knowing: that aphasia does not affect intelligence (PLWA), and how to communicate with a person with aphasia (workers). In total, 15% of PLWA and 31% of workers reported they had previously run an aphasia awareness campaign. Barriers to campaign success included insufficient resources (e.g., funding, time) and lack of experience and specialised skills (e.g., health promotion). Key facilitators included people living with aphasia (including celebrities) sharing their stories and being key members or leaders of the campaign. Conclusions “Aphasia awareness” was considered essential by all participants. To enhance aphasia awareness misconceptions and stereotypes about communication disability must be challenged and practical education on how to communicate with a person with aphasia provided. These results lay the foundation for developing an international aphasia awareness campaign. Future research is needed to identify campaign priorities and to co-design the campaign.

Tailoring Management Education – Insights from a Two-Decade Longitudinal Study of Iranian EMBA Programs

This paper investigates the evolving subject areas required in management programs within business schools over a two-decade period through a survey of Iranian managers. The study identifies six clusters of subject areas and visually presents the evolving learning needs. It addresses the significance of the marketability and employability of graduates from management programs, contextualizing management education, fostering adaptability, and conducting cross-cultural studies. The paper discusses limitations and offers recommendations for future research, including the impact of cultural and contextual factors on management education. It argues that in today's rapidly changing business landscape, management programs must adopt a comprehensive and flexible approach to meet the diverse learning needs of managers from various backgrounds, ensuring the continued relevance and effectiveness of management education in preparing future leaders to address the dynamic business challenges.

The Relationship between Concept Perception and Student Achievement in the Subject Area of Chemistry in Science

Science education has undergone many reforms since the past to improve the learning and teaching process. Teachers' knowledge and motivation, and teachers' teaching techniques, determine how students understand science concepts. In the journey of taking students to innovations in education, the teacher who provides science education in the classroom has a great responsibility (Research and Development Branch, 2017). It is also necessary to identify the problems faced by students in building science education. The analysis of the examination department's results and evaluation reports shows that compared to other subjects, the minimum mark is obtained for the science subject. The Sri Lanka Examination Department's 2017 G.E.C. (G.E.) evaluation report also shows that among the three fields of science, biology, chemistry, and physics, the facility for the field of chemistry is low. For this reason, it was the main interest of this research to find out the correlation between student performance and conceptual understanding of students who learn the content of the chemistry subject of the science subject. For that purpose, the size of the sample was determined using the table of determination of the sample size presented by Krejcie & Morgan (1970) and the correlational study research strategy using 400 students of 08 secondary schools in the Kegalle district of Sri Lanka selected through a cluster random sampling method as the sample. The research was conducted using a quantitative design. For this, Katerina Salta & Chryssa Tzougraki (2004) used an aptitude test set according to the Liket scale and a structured type of achievement test set according to Bloom's classification to find out the level of concept perception of 11th grade students in a school in Greece. A control test was administered to 10% of the research instrument sample. By analyzing the data collected, the research instruments were standardized. Then by giving the research equipment to the main sample, the collected data was analyzed, and conclusions were drawn from the data interpretation. Here, a positive correlation of Pearson correlation coefficient (r= + 0.720) was found between students' conceptual understanding and student achievement. It was recognized that appropriate student-centered methods should be used in the learning and teaching process as student achievement increases when students' conceptual understanding increases.

Health care-seeking behavior for childhood illnesses in western Kenya: Qualitative findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Study

Background Child mortality in Kenya is 41 per 1,000 live births, despite extensive investment in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions. Caregivers’ health-seeking for childhood illness is an important determinant of child survival, and delayed healthcare is associated with high child mortality. We explore determinants of health-seeking decisions for childhood illnesses among caregivers in western Kenya. Methods We conducted a qualitative study of 88 community members between April 2017 and February 2018 using purposive sampling in an informal urban settlement in Kisumu County, and in rural Siaya County. Key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were performed. We adopted the Partners for Applied Social Sciences model focusing on factors that influence the decision-making process to seek healthcare for sick infants and children. The discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data management was completed on Nvivo® software. Iterative analysis process was utilized and themes were identified and collated. Results Our findings reveal four thematic areas: Illness interpretation, the role of social relationship on illness recognition and response, medical pluralism and healthcare access. Participants reported some illnesses are caused by supernatural powers and some by biological factors, and that the illness etiology would determine the health-seeking pathway. It was common to seek consensus from respected community members on the diagnosis and therefore presumed cause and necessary treatment for a child’s illness. Medical pluralism was commonly practiced and caregivers would alternate between biomedicine and traditional medicine. Accessibility of healthcare may determine the health seeking pathway. Caregivers unable to afford biomedical care may choose traditional medicine as a cheaper alternative. Conclusion Health seeking behavior was driven by illness interpretation, financial cost associated with healthcare and advice from extended family and community. These findings enrich the perspectives of health education programs to develop health messages that address factors that hinder prompt health care seeking.

The effect of experts on attitude change in public-facing political science: Scientific communication on term limits in the United States.

How can scientists best inform the public and change attitudes? Does the message or the messenger matter more? We test the effect of scientific expert messengers and messages in a preregistered, nationally representative survey experiment in the United States. Consistent with our hypotheses, scientists can move public attitudes in areas where knowledge is based on a non-ideological misperception to a greater extent than the same science-based message from another source. Although we focus on political science as a field and Congressional term limits in the United States as a topic area, our findings have broader implications for science communication with policymaking relevance given the persistence of misperceptions among the public across all natural and social science research fields.

Positioning controversy in environmental and sustainability education

This study delves into the intricate dynamics of controversial issues in environmental education, challenging conventional notions. It explores the relationship between “controversy” and the field of environmental education, elucidating its multifaceted dimensions in and ambitions of teaching practice. In dialogue with previous research and based on our empirical study, we contend that controversy’s existence transcends the mere content of education and extends to its perceived fundamental core and normative underpinnings. We argue that controversy, including controversial sustainability issues (CSIs), is not confined to educational content alone but encompasses the purposes of education. We propose that controversy in educational encounters cannot be neatly categorized as a fixed, predictable social product and is not solely dependent on student interaction. This challenges earlier research positions that linked controversy to the presence of debate or dissensus in a subject area. Our study challenges the traditional understanding of controversy, highlighting its partial spontaneity and unpredictability in teaching. This contrasts previous positions that emphasized the epistemic dimension of controversy. Instead, our findings suggest that controversy plays an active role in the process of self-formation or subjectification in relation to any content.

Comparison of Compulsory Education of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia

Compulsory education is the basis of formal education, and in countries around the world, it has a different duration and characteristics and most often is related to elementary school. This current study compares compulsory education of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia. In addition to a review of the literature, current applicable laws and regulations, a comparative analysis of national curricula for compulsory education of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia have been made. The study showed that there is a difference in the number of subjects taught in elementary schools in Croatia and Slovenia, as well as in the number of teaching hours of individual subjects. Furthermore, an analysis of six subject areas of primary education that are taught in both countries was made, with respect to content determinants. An analysis of the existing content determinants shows that the same or similar content is taught in both countries, while in only one subject area, further analysis is required. This study provided new insights that can be used to further develop Croatian compulsory education.

Common challenges and suggestions for risk of bias tool development: a systematic review of methodological studies

ObjectivesTo review the findings of studies that have evaluated the design and/or usability of key risk of bias (RoB) tools for the assessment of RoB in primary studies, as categorized by the Library of Assessment Tools and InsTruments Used to assess Data validity in Evidence Synthesis Network (a searchable library of RoB tools for evidence synthesis): Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASessment Tool (PROBAST) , Risk of Bias-2 (RoB2), Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2), Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-Comparative (QUADAS-C), Quality Assessment of Prognostic Accuracy Studies (QUAPAS), Risk Of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E), and the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) RoB checklist. Study Design and SettingSystematic review of methodological studies. We conducted a forward citation search from the primary report of each tool, to identify primary studies that aimed to evaluate the design and/or usability of the tool. Two reviewers assessed studies for inclusion. We extracted tool features into Microsoft Word and used NVivo for document analysis, comprising a mix of deductive and inductive approaches. We summarized findings within each tool and explored common findings across tools. ResultsWe identified 13 tool evaluations meeting our inclusion criteria: PROBAST (3), RoB2 (3), ROBINS-I (4), and QUADAS-2 (3). We identified no evaluations for the other tools. Evaluations varied in clinical topic area, methodology, approach to bias assessment, and tool user background. Some had limitations affecting generalizability. We identified common findings across tools for 6/14 themes: (1) challenging items (eg, RoB2/ROBINS-I “deviations from intended interventions” domain), (2) overall RoB judgment (concerns with overall risk calculation in PROBAST/ROBINS-I), (3) tool usability (concerns about complexity), (4) time to complete tool (varying demands on time, eg, depending on number of outcomes assessed), (5) user agreement (varied across tools), and (6) recommendations for future use (eg, piloting) and development (add intermediate domain answer to QUADAS-2/PROBAST; provide clearer guidance for all tools). Of the other eight themes, seven only had findings for the QUADAS-2 tool, limiting comparison across tools, and one (“reorganization of questions”) had no findings. ConclusionEvaluations of key RoB tools have posited common challenges and recommendations for tool use and development. These findings may be helpful to people who use or develop RoB tools. Guidance is necessary to support the design and implementation of future RoB tool evaluations.

Personnel certification as a component of the business process of development of employees of it companies

The article examines the main theoretical aspects of employee certification. It analyzes the approaches to applying the definition of certification as an element of professional training for employees, as well as a permit to use specific software or other tools that are an element of protection and regulation in the labor market. Based on various sources, the author systematizes the classification of certification types according to various division criteria, in particular: by type, by the number of levels, and by the origin of materials. Based on the current situation in the IT industry, a list of advantages and possible disadvantages of certification of employees of modern Ukrainian IT companies is determined. The primary certification areas are identified: «soft skills», «hard skills», and the subject area of the unit's functioning. Among the main advantages of certification of employees of IT companies are the following: advanced training of current staff, standardization of own training programs, the ability to prove to external stakeholders the level of staff qualifications, and the simplification of recognition of the level of skills in certain areas. Typical shortcomings in the certification process are that the knowledge and skills acquired during certification are not always used in practice; there is no standard international certification for many industries/topics/elements; some courses are extensive and time-consuming; and some programs require certain significant restrictions (experience, qualifications). The multi-stage certification business process involves determining the need for certification by collecting the necessary information. Based on the list of potential areas of certification, available resources, and other components, an annual certification program is formed, and employees are motivated to improve their knowledge and skills. In the professional certification process of IT company employees, current feedback and, most importantly, summarizing the certification results and fair rewards based on its results are essential. The article provides conclusions and prospects for further research. Keywords: employee certification, staff development, business process, types of certification, IT company

Типы метафор в экономическом дискурсе (на примере репрезентации деятельности предприятия в русском, английском, немецком и французском языках)

This paper is written within the framework of a cognitive study of the economic discourse metaphor used to objectify various types of activities of an enterprise and its environment. The research aims to identify the semantic and pragmatic features characterizing the linguistic and axiological implementation of metaphorical representation of the internal structure of a modern economic company and its relationships with the external business world. The work analyzes the types of metaphors, highlights the features of lexical units that are actualized during the transfer of meanings, and demonstrates evaluative connotations. The scientific novelty of the research lies in systematizing metaphors of such an important segment of economic discourse as entrepreneurial activity and providing their typology based on Russian, English, German, and French, revealing the common and specific features in the conceptualization of relationships and characteristics of a modern company. As a result, the dominant metaphorical models in the representations of an economic enterprise, their axiological and cultural characteristics are shown, the types of metaphors in the “Economics” subject area corresponding to the functional aspect of metaphors are listed.

Sustainability of Nigeria’s Rail Transport System: An Economic Perspective

The availability of an efficient transport system is germane in achieving trade promotion, social integration, business connectivity and economic development because transport plays relevant role in the growth of nation’s market. Some scholars have given undeniable linkages to the role of rail transport in economic development while there are deferring summations by some scholars hence this study explored the economic sustainability of Nigeria’s rail transport system to contribute to the body of knowledge debating the economic sustainability of rail transport globally. Previous researches have also been done in Nigeria and internationally on the subject area using different approaches but this research used concurrent triangulation design to validate the formulated hypothesis that rail transport system has not significantly affected local economic development. This was validated using simple linear regression and key informant interview (KII). The theoretical lens for the study is the Rostow’s stages of economic growth. The result, [R2= .12, F (1, 172) = 24.31, p < .01] showed that rail transport has contributed significantly to the local economic development and the KII generally reinforce the empirical findings hence hypothesis is rejected. This study recommended the permitting of more vendors providing services at the terminal as this will lead to vibrant local economic development whilst improving the standard of living of residents and the adoption of a holistic economic sustainability policy be embraced by the managers of rail transport system in the country.

The development of a framework for clinical education programme of undergraduate nursing students in Ghana

IntroductionClinical education is an important aspect of the training of nursing students but it is faced with challenges in Ghana. The development of a framework will respond to the need for improvement in the quality of clinical nursing education. This study describes part of a larger study which culminated in the development of a framework for a clinical education programme for undergraduate nursing students in Ghana. The aim of the current study was to integrate findings from a scoping review and situational analysis to develop a framework for clinical education in nursing.MethodsA sequential multimethod design approach was used to conduct the study. A scoping review on the practices that facilitate clinical nursing education and situational analysis were first conducted. The lessons learnt from the scoping review and the situational analysis provided the data matrix that was triangulated to develop the framework. The framework was developed using the model for clinical education developed by South African Nursing Education Stakeholders in consultation with experts in nursing education. An implementation plan was developed from the framework and evaluated using a Delphi technique.FindingsThe resulting framework indicates the need for effective communication and collaboration between nursing education institution and the service setting to ensure that there is a well-structured clinical placement, formal supervision system and effective clinical assessment of students. The framework also proposes that to ensure quality clinical nursing education there is the need for Nursing Education Institutions to implement innovative and cost-effective clinical teaching methods.ConclusionThe framework spells out the functions of the various stakeholders in nursing education and how these can be integrated and implemented to enhance quality clinical nursing education. Effectiveness of the thematic areas of the framework will increase the quality of clinical nursing education.

Cosmetic penile enhancement procedures: an SMSNA position statement.

Penile cosmetic enhancement procedures have been performed for many years with varying success. However, they have historically been relegated to niche areas of sexual medicine, with limited data, and have not achieved mainstream adoption. More recently, the topic has been increasingly discussed within academic congresses due to availability of novel techniques, therapies, and procedures. Given their distinctive nature, the Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA) felt that it was pertinent to develop formal position statements to help guide both patients and sexual medicine providers on the current state of the scientific literature and to give recommendations for future research. The study sought to provide an evidence-based set of recommendations for injection and surgical procedures designed to lengthen, augment, or otherwise cosmetically enhance the penis. A review was performed of all scientific literature listed in PubMed from inception through December 2023 relating to penile cosmetic enhancement procedures. Only invasive (injection/surgery) therapies were included due to their distinct risk-benefit profile compared with more conservative treatments (eg, vacuum erection devices, penile traction devices). Similar therapies were categorized, with pertinent data summarized and used to help create relevant position statements. All statements were expert opinion only and were based on analyses of the potential risks and benefits of the specific therapies. A total of 6 position statements were issued relating to 5 distinct sexual medicine cosmetic enhancement procedures. A consensus opinion was reached by SMSNA leadership on the state of injection/surgical penile cosmetic enhancement procedures as of 2024. Key topic areas addressed included injectable soft tissue fillers, suspensory ligament division, graft-and-flap procedures, silicone sleeve implants, and sliding/slicing techniques. Distinct recommendations were tailored to each therapy and were based solely on the current state of the literature. It is anticipated that future studies will further inform position statements and will lead to ongoing modifications. The current position statements provide both patients and clinicians evidence-based, expert recommendations on best practices relating to penile cosmetic enhancement procedures. Strengths include the use of an expert panel of sexual medicine clinicians, consensus design, and summary of existing literature. Limitations include expert opinion and limited research on the topic. The current SMSNA position statements provide evidence-based, consensus opinions on the appropriate role for penile augmentation and cosmetic procedures in 2024.