Subcutaneous Tissue Research Articles

Camper’s and Scarpa’s fasciae: Anatomic landmark to differentiate between lymph node and abdominal wall involvement in a case of lymphoma

Cutaneous involvement of MALT lymphoma can either be primary or secondary, Secondary spread to the skin is considered disseminated extra-nodal disease involvement, which is classifies as a stage IV disease. We described a case of a 44-year-old woman with MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal glands with biopsy-proven lymphoma involvement in the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall. This involvement is manifested as multiple small discrete solid enhancing subcutaneous nodules. Although such findings on conventional CT scans are usually non-specific and may present in various systemic conditions, the knowledge of the patient’s prior clinical history should alert interpreting radiologists to be aware of cutaneous and subcutaneous involvement of lymphoma. This awareness can help plan the use of imaging-guided tissue biopsy for a minimally-invasive and safe acquisition of tissue specimen for histopathological diagnosis.

Inframerah untuk Kesembuhan Investigasi Terapi Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Insisi dalam Konteks Ilmu Kesehatan

Currently, alternative therapies are widely used with the aim of reducing pain, swelling and increasing blood circulation. Infrared rays are used in research as a therapy for healing incisional wounds because infrared can penetrate cells or tissue more deeply. Infrared rays in research as a therapy for healing incisional wounds. The experimental animal samples were 24 male Wistar rats treated with K (-) without infrared therapy, P1 was given infrared exposure at a distance of 24 cm and for 20 minutes. P2 was given infrared exposure at a distance of 16 cm and a time of 20 minutes and P3 was given infrared exposure at a distance of 7 cm and a time of 20 minutes. The results showed that the 12th day change in wound healing occurred in the control group = 0.1 cm; P1= 0.2 cm; P2 = 0.4 cm and P3 = 0.5 cm. The conclusion of the research was that effective infrared therapy was shown in treatment group 1 (P1) with an exposure distance of ± 24 cm, because infrared radiation entered the subcutaneous tissue without excessive stimulation or heating

Scar endometriosis as an easily misdiagnosed abdominal mass: a case report and review of the literature

Scar endometriosis, which is characterized by ectopic endometrial-like glands and stroma surrounding scar tissue, is rare and presents diagnostic challenges due to its inconsistent presentation. We report a case of a 40-year-old woman who had previously undergone two cesarean sections and a hysterectomy, in whom a mass in the subcutaneous layer of the lower abdomen was incidentally discovered by computed tomography (CT). A physical examination revealed a linear cesarean scar with a palpable, pigmented mass. An enhanced abdominal CT scan revealed an approximately 3.5-cm ill-defined soft tissue mass infiltrating the rectus abdominis muscle. A desmoid tumor was suspected based on the radiological findings, and endometriosis was also considered in light of the patient’s medical history. Wide mass excision was performed, ensuring 5-mm margins. The mass was completely excised, and a histopathological examination revealed endometriosis. Due to its rarity, scar endometriosis in the abdominal area can be easily misdiagnosed. Therefore, a heightened suspicion of scar endometriosis should be maintained in female patients with a history of abdominal or pelvic surgery presenting with an abdominal mass. Although imaging modalities can play a supportive role in the diagnosis, an extensive medical history assessment and comprehensive physical examination remain crucial.

Abdominal ultrasonography as a tool to quantify adipose tissue in critically ill patients

Adipose tissue has important roles in both healthy and disease states. Quantifying adipose tissue composition and distribution may help predict outcomes and guide management in intensive care unit patients. Computed tomography is the preferred method for measuring adipose tissue but has drawbacks, such as radiation exposure and the need to transport patients. Ultrasonography is a safer, more convenient alternative for bedside assessment of body fat composition. This review examines the relevance of adipose tissue in critical illness and describes ultrasound techniques to quantify subcutaneous, visceral, and epicardial adipose tissue depots. Standardized protocols to measure subcutaneous fat thickness at multiple sites and approaches to estimate visceral fat using the supraumbilical or xipho-umbilical lines are discussed. A technique to quantify epicardial fat thickness using transthoracic echocardiography is also presented. While more research is needed, bedside ultrasonography shows promise for monitoring adipose tissue changes and their potential associations with outcomes in critically ill patients. Key words: Ultrasonography, critical illness, body composition, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, epicardial adipose tissue

Cutaneous Mucormycosis in Buffalos in the Brazilian Amazon Biome.

This is the first description of cutaneous mucormycosis in buffalo in the Brazilian Amazon biome. All buffalo showed apathy, inappetence, weight loss, reluctance to move, and prolonged sternal decubitus. Of the four affected animals, two died 15 and 30 days after the appearance of clinical signs. In the initial phase, the skin lesions were rounded areas with dry central regions, sensitive to palpation, with protruding edges and diameters ranging from 8 cm to 15 cm. These areas of necrosis were isolated or coalescing and present mainly on the limbs and sides. In an advanced stage of the disease, there was detachment of the skin from the necrotic areas with extensive wound formation, which sometimes exposed the subcutaneous tissue. The histopathology of the skin showed a multifocal inflammatory infiltrate composed of intact and degenerated eosinophils surrounded by epithelioid macrophages. At the center of these areas was a focally extensive area of epidermal ulceration characterized by intact and degenerated neutrophils, the necrosis of epithelial cells, and the accumulation of fibrin and erythrocytes. The mycological culture was positive for Rhizopus sp. The diagnosis of cutaneous dermatitis caused by Rhizopus sp. was based on clinical signs, macroscopic and histopathological findings, and the identification of the fungus by mycological and molecular techniques.

Portland cement associated with niobium is evidenced by the presence of calcium crystals and biocompatibility in the rat subcutaneous tissue

Portland cement associated with niobium is evidenced by the presence of calcium crystals and biocompatibility in the rat subcutaneous tissue

Naive and regulatory B-cell transcription patterns guide the increased risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma in obesity.

A growing number of studies suggest a positive association between obesity and the high incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), suggesting that the abnormal levels of adipokines associated with obesity may be a risk factor for these aggressive thyroid cancers, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not yet clear. We downloaded bulk RNA sequence data for subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in obesity and healthy population and tumor tissues of PTC from GEO database. Through analysis of Differential Expression Genes (DEGs), Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA), we identified co-expressed genes between obesity and PTC, and their pathways were mainly enriched in the regulation of B-cells. Furthermore, through TCGA-THCA (thyroid carcinoma) cohorts analysis, we identified B-cell regulatory-related genes LEF1, TNFRSF13C, SHLD2 and SHLD3 as independent prognostic markers of PTC. Next, we explored the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the increased risk of PTC in obesity through analysis of DNA methylation CpGs data and single-cell RNA sequences (scRNA-seq) from GEO database. PTC-induced hypomethylation of the promoter region may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of these genes, while these genes were further identified in naive and regulatory B-cells of both diseases. Notably, both of the gene expressions in naive and regulatory B-cells showed high similarity in both diseases. Our data reveals the high frequency of PTC in obese populations may be explained by the comparable transcriptional patterns of naive and regulatory B-cells, and offers novel insights for the analysis of critical genes and underlying biological mechanisms for obesity and PTC.

Review of the Capacity to Accurately Detect the Temperature of Human Skin Tissue Using the Microwave Radiation Method.

Microwave radiometry (MWR) is instrumental in detecting thermal variations in skin tissue before anatomical changes occur, proving particularly beneficial in the early diagnosis of cancer and inflammation. This study concisely traces the evolution of microwave radiometers within the medical sector. By analyzing a plethora of pertinent studies and contrasting their strengths, weaknesses, and performance metrics, this research identifies the primary factors limiting temperature measurement accuracy. The review establishes the critical technologies necessary to overcome these limitations, examines the current state and prospective advancements of each technology, and proposes comprehensive implementation strategies. The discussion elucidates that the precise measurement of human surface and subcutaneous tissue temperatures using an MWR system is a complex challenge, necessitating an integration of antenna directionality for temperature measurement, radiometer error correction, hardware configuration, and the calibration and precision of a multilayer tissue forward and inversion method. This study delves into the pivotal technologies for non-invasive human tissue temperature monitoring in the microwave frequency range, offering an effective approach for the precise assessment of human epidermal and subcutaneous temperatures, and develops a non-contact microwave protocol for gauging subcutaneous tissue temperature distribution. It is anticipated that mass-produced measurement systems will deliver substantial economic and societal benefits.

The effects of different feeding strategies providing different levels of vitamin A on animal performance, carcass traits, and the conversion rate of subcutaneous fat color in cull-cows

Abstract Cull cows represent a significant percentage of revenue received from the U.S. beef industry; however, cull cows are heavily price discounted at time of slaughter. This experiment’s objective is to evaluate different feeding strategies and their effects on body condition score, subcutaneous fat color, and carcass yield and quality traits in cull cows. The central hypothesis is feeding a high energy diet, with low levels of vitamin A, for 56 d will improve animal performance, carcass yield, and quality traits in addition to capturing the point (rate) of the conversion of yellow to white subcutaneous fat. In the present experiment 98 Angus crossbreed cows were utilized. Cows were fed either low vitamin A diet (LVA) consisting of whole shelled corn, soybean hulls, soybean meal, and a mineral-vitamin supplement or high vitamin A (HVA) diet, formulated using whole shelled corn, fescue hay, dry distiller grains with soluble, and a mineral-vitamin supplement for 56 d. During the 56 d feeding period, body weights and condition scores, and subcutaneous adipose samples were collected every 14 d. On d 56, cattle were slaughtered; 48 h postmortem carcass characteristics and objective color scores (subcutaneous adipose tissue) were recorded and a sample of the longissimus dorsi lumborum was collected. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were utilized to record subjective color scores and then ground to be analyzed for β-carotene concentration. The longissimus dorsi lumborum samples (2.54 cm slices) were removed for warner-bratzler shear force (WBSF) and pH testing. Data was analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS. Feeding cull cows LVA resulted in differences in subcutaneous carcass fat color (P = 0.01) as well as b* values (P < 0.01) on d 56 compared with HVA. Subjective fat color scores were not different (P > 0.10) on d 0 or 14 but were different (P ≤ 0.05) on d 28, 42, and 56. Additionally, 9-cis-β-carotene concentration on d 56 were different (P = 0.05) between treatments. A trend was noticed for all-trans-β-carotene concentration (P = 0.10) on d 56 as well. Cull cow body weights were greater (P ≤ 0.04) when fed the LVA diet starting on d 14, 28, and 42; and a trend was noticed on d 56 (P = 0.09). Overall, cows fed the LVA treatment for 56 d exhibited decreased adipose yellowness and β-carotene concentrations as well as increased live weights.

A Review of the Paradigmatic Role of Adipose Tissue in Renal Cancer: Fat Measurement and Tumor Behavior Features.

(1) Background: Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has been steadily rising, with obesity identified as a potential risk factor. However, the relationship between obesity and RCC prognosis remains unclear. This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of different adipose tissue measurements on RCC behavior and prognosis. (2) Methods: A search of MEDLINE databases identified 20 eligible studies focusing on various fat measurements, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT), and the Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score. (3) Results: The review revealed conflicting findings regarding the association between adipose tissue measurements and RCC outcomes. While some studies suggested a protective role of certain fat deposits, particularly VAT, against disease progression and mortality, others reported contradictory results across different adipose metrics and RCC subtypes. (4) Conclusions: Methodological variations and limitations, such as retrospective designs and sample size constraints, pose challenges to standardization and generalizability. Further research is needed to understand these associations better and establish standardized approaches for adiposity assessment in RCC patients, which could inform clinical practice and therapeutic decision-making.

A causal relationship between educational attainment and risk of infectious diseases: A Mendelian randomisation study.

Previous observational studies have investigated the association between educational attainment and sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, their findings have been susceptible to reverse causality and confounding factors. Furthermore, no study has examined the effect of educational level on the risk of infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (SSTIs). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between educational level and the risk of four infectious diseases using Mendelian randomisation (MR) techniques. We used univariable MR analysis to investigate the causal associations between educational attainment (years of schooling (n = 766 345) and holding college or university degree (n = 334 070)) and four infectious diseases (sepsis (n = 486 484), pneumonia (n = 486 484), UTIs (n = 463 010), and SSTIs (n = 218 792)). We included genetic instrumental variables with a genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) in the study. We used inverse variance-weighted estimation in the primary analysis and explored the stability of the results using multivariable MR analysis after adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Genetically predicted years of schooling were associated with a reduced risk of sepsis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.763; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.668-0.870, P = 5.525 × 10-5), pneumonia (OR = 0.637; 95% CI = 0.577-0.702, P = 1.875 × 10-19), UTIs (OR = 0.995; 95% CI = 0.993-0.997, P = 1.229 × 10-5), and SSTIs (OR = 0.696; 95% CI = 0.605-0.801, P = 4.034 × 10-7). We observed consistent results for the correlation between qualifications and infectious diseases. These findings remained stable in the multivariable MR analyses. Our findings suggest that increased educational attainment may be causally associated with a decreased risk of sepsis, pneumonia, UTIs, and SSTIs.

Depth of the subcutaneous tissue in the nose: Application to filler injection.

The nasal region plays a pivotal role in both facial esthetics and functionality. The use of volumizing fillers has emerged as a potential means to enhance nasal appearance. Preliminary findings from cadaveric studies have highlighted potential risks associated with deeper needle injection, leading to cartilage damage and lateral migration of filler material. Understanding the subcutaneous tissue depth is crucial to prevent such complications and ensure safe filler placement guided by anatomical knowledge. This study aimed to employ ultrasonographic assessment to precisely measure the depth of soft tissue in the nasal area. Fifty-two participants without prior nasal surgery or filler injections underwent detailed ultrasonographic evaluation, focusing on seven key anatomical points: Glabellar, Sellion, Rhinion, between Rhinion and Pronasal, Pronasal, between Pronasal and Subnasal, and Subnasal. The ultrasonographic observation revealed varying depths of subcutaneous tissue across these points: Glabellar (4.11 ± 0.79), Sellion (5.21 ± 0.97), Rhinion (2.02 ± 0.74), Rhinion to Pronasal midpoint (6.45 ± 3.1), Pronasal (9.5 ± 2.2), between Pronasal and Subnasal (8.8 ± 0.8), and Subnasal (8.5 ± 0.5). The discussion underscores the significance of understanding subcutaneous tissue depth in guiding needle length and approach angles during filler injections. This knowledge aids in achieving effective filling while ensuring safe placement within the subcutaneous tissue.

Estimation of the Impact of Abdominal Adipose Tissue (Subcutaneous and Visceral) on the Occurrence of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Patients with Obesity-A Pilot Study.

Obesity represents a significant global public health concern. The excessive accumulation of abdominal adipose tissue is often implicated in the development of metabolic complications associated with obesity. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of particular deposits of abdominal adipose tissue on the occurrence of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism complications. We established cut-off points for visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and the VAT/SAT ratio at which selected metabolic complications of obesity-related diseases (disorders of carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism) occur. We conducted an observational study involving 91 subjects with first- and second-degree obesity, accounting for gender differences. Anthropometric measurements were taken, body composition analysis (BIA) was conducted, and biochemical determinations were made. Our findings suggest that commonly used parameters for assessing early metabolic risk, such as BMI or waist circumference, may overlook the significant factor of body fat distribution, as well as gender differences. Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were found to be important in estimating metabolic risk. We identified the cut-off points in women in terms of their elevated fasting glucose levels and the presence of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) based on SAT, VAT, and the VAT/SAT ratio. In men, cut-off points were determined for the presence of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) based on VAT and the VAT/SAT ratio. However, the results regarding lipid disorders were inconclusive, necessitating further investigation of a larger population.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid supplementation improves olanzapine-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting macrophage infiltration in mice subcutaneous adipose tissue.

To investigate whether gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation improves insulin resistance during olanzapine treatment in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Insulin resistance and body weight gain were induced in mice by 10 weeks of olanzapine treatment. Simultaneously, the mice were administered GABA after 4 weeks of olanzapine administration. We found that mice treated with olanzapine had lower GABA levels in serum and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). GABA supplementation restored GABA levels and improved olanzapine-induced lipid metabolism disorders and insulin resistance. Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is one of the main contributors to insulin resistance. We found that GABA supplementation inhibited olanzapine-induced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and M1-like polarization, especially in sWAT. In vitro studies showed that stromal vascular cells, rather than adipocytes, were sensitive to GABA. Furthermore, the results suggested that GABA improves olanzapine-induced insulin resistance at least in part through a GABAB receptor-dependent pathway. These findings suggest that targeting GABA may be a potential therapeutic approach for olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders.

The impact of gestational weight gain on fetal and neonatal outcomes: the Araraquara Cohort Study

BackgroundGestational weight gain (GWG) is an important indicator for monitoring maternal and fetal health. Objective: To evaluate the effect of GWG outside the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) on fetal and neonatal outcomes.Study designA prospective cohort study with 1642 pregnant women selected from 2017 to 2023, with gestational age ≤ 18 weeks and followed until delivery in the city of Araraquara, Southeast Brazil. The relationship between IOM-recommended GWG and fetal outcomes (abdominal subcutaneous tissue thickness, arm and thigh subcutaneous tissue area and intrauterine growth restriction) and neonatal outcomes (percentage of fat mass, fat-free mass, birth weight and length, ponderal index, weight adequateness for gestational age by the Intergrowth curve, prematurity, and Apgar score) were investigated. Generalized Estimating Equations were used.ResultsGWG below the IOM recommendations was associated with increased risks of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (aOR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.14–2.27), low birth weight (aOR 2.44; 95% CI: 1.85–3.21), and prematurity (aOR 2.35; 95% CI: 1.81–3.05), and lower chance of being Large for Gestational Age (LGA) (aOR 0.38; 95% CI: 0.28–0.54), with smaller arm subcutaneous tissue area (AST) (-7.99 g; 95% CI: -8.97 to -7.02), birth length (-0.76 cm; 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.49), and neonatal fat mass percentage (-0.85%; 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.58). Conversely, exceeding GWG guidelines increased the likelihood of LGA (aOR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.20–1.96), with lower 5th-minute Apgar score (aOR 0.42; 95% CI: 0.20–0.87), and increased birth weight (90.14 g; 95% CI: 53.30 to 126.99).ConclusionAdherence to GWG recommendations is crucial, with deviations negatively impacting fetal health. Effective weight control strategies are imperative.

Tumor venéreo transmissível em sistema respiratório superior de canino

Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT) is one of the most common neoplasms that affect dogs, it has no predilection for sex or breed, but it has a higher incidence in free-ranging dogs that have access to the street. Transmission occurs through the implantation of tumor cells, from one animal carrying the disease, to another, during intercourse or through contact between mucous membranes during the habit of licking the genitalia affected by the tumor. They generally present on the genitalia, and can also occur in extragenital regions, such as the snout, eye, mouth and subcutaneous tissue. The tumor has a multilobulated appearance, resembling a cauliflower, is friable, hemorrhagic and grows irregularly. The diagnosis is made through anamnesis, physical examination, tumor cytology and histopathology for the definitive diagnosis. The treatment of choice is chemotherapy with anvicristine sulfate, applied intravenously, weekly, always preceding a blood count to analyze the patient's general health status. Considering that TVT is not commonly described in the nasopharyngeal region of dogs, this work aims to report the case of a four-year-old Shitzu dog, which presented the tumor, with conformations not characteristic of a TVT in the nasopharyngeal region, diagnosed through tomography and histopathology of the tumor, removed after surgical incision.

UV Irradiation Increases Appetite and Prevents Body Weight Gain through the Upregulation of Norepinephrine in Mice.

UV irradiation of the human skin downregulates lipid synthesis and adipokine production in subcutaneous fat. Recent evidence has suggested that UV exposure limits body weight gain in mouse models of obesity. However, the relationship between norepinephrine and UV irradiation has not been previously reported. Chronic UV exposure stimulated food intake but prevented body weight gain. Leptin, an appetite-suppressing hormone, was significantly reduced in the serum of the UV-irradiated mice. In contrast, UV irradiation induced browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissues without increasing physical activity. Notably, UV irradiation significantly increased norepinephrine levels, and the inhibition of norepinephrine production reversed the effects of chronic UV irradiation on food intake and body weight gain. In conclusion, chronic UV irradiation induces norepinephrine release, resulting in the stimulation of food intake due to the downregulation of leptin levels, but it prevents weight gain by inducing the browning process and elevating energy expenditure.

Development and validation of machine learning models and nomograms for predicting the surgical difficulty of laparoscopic resection in rectal cancer

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) prediction model for the assessment of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) surgery difficulty, as well as to identify independent risk factors that influence surgical difficulty. Establishing a nomogram aims to assist clinical practitioners in formulating more effective surgical plans before the procedure.MethodsThis study included 186 patients with rectal cancer who underwent LaTME from January 2018 to December 2020. They were divided into a training cohort (n = 131) versus a validation cohort (n = 55). The difficulty of LaTME was defined based on Escal’s et al. scoring criteria with modifications. We utilized Lasso regression to screen the preoperative clinical characteristic variables and intraoperative information most relevant to surgical difficulty for the development and validation of four ML models: logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT). The performance of the model was assessed based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Logistic regression-based column-line plots were created to visualize the predictive model. Consistency statistics (C-statistic) and calibration curves were used to discriminate and calibrate the nomogram, respectively.ResultsIn the validation cohort, all four ML models demonstrate good performance: SVM AUC = 0.987, RF AUC = 0.953, LR AUC = 0.950, and DT AUC = 0.904. To enhance visual evaluation, a logistic regression-based nomogram has been established. Predictive factors included in the nomogram are body mass index (BMI), distance between the tumor to the dentate line ≤ 10 cm, radiodensity of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), area of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), tumor diameter >3 cm, and comorbid hypertension.ConclusionIn this study, four ML models based on intraoperative and preoperative risk factors and a nomogram based on logistic regression may be of help to surgeons in evaluating the surgical difficulty before operation and adopting appropriate responses and surgical protocols.

Body composition and inflammation variables as the potential prognostic factors in epithelial ovarian cancer treated with Olaparib.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a significant cause of mortality among gynecological cancers. While Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in EOC maintenance therapy, individual responses vary. This study aims to assess the prognostic significance of body composition and systemic inflammation markers in EOC patients undergoing initial Olaparib treatment. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 133 EOC patients initiating Olaparib therapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed through Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. Pre-treatment computed tomography images were utilized to evaluate body composition parameters including subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), skeletal muscle area index (SMI), and body mineral density (BMD). Inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), serum albumin, and hemoglobin levels, were also measured. The median follow-up duration was 16 months (range: 5-49 months). Survival analysis indicated that high SATI, high VATI, high SMI, high BMD, low NLR, and low PLR were associated with decreased risk of disease progression (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified several factors independently associated with poor PFS, including second or further lines of therapy (HR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.09-4.27, p = 0.027), low VATI (HR = 3.79; 95% CI = 1.48-9.70, p = 0.005), low SMI (HR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.11-5.72, p = 0.027), low BMD (HR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.22-4.54, p = 0.010), and high NLR (HR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.14-0.69, p = 0.004). Subgroup analysis in serous adenocarcinoma patients revealed distinct prognostic capabilities of SATI, VATI, SMI, PLR, and NLR. Body composition and inflammation variables hold promise as predictors of therapeutic response to Olaparib in EOC patients. Understanding their prognostic significance could facilitate tailored treatment strategies, potentially improving patient outcomes.

Longitudinal changes in adiposity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and associations with knee symptoms and function

ObjectiveTo evaluate adiposity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR): i) cross-sectionally (1-year post-ACLR) compared to uninjured controls; ii) longitudinally up to 5 years post-ACLR; and iii) associations with patient-reported symptoms and physical performance. MethodsIn 107 individuals post-ACLR and 19 controls, we assessed global (BMI), peripheral (subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness on the posteromedial side of knee MRI), and central (waist circumference in ACLR group) adiposity. Patient-reported symptoms (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) and physical performance (hop for distance) were evaluated at 1 and 5 years post-ACLR. Linear regression models evaluated adiposity between groups. Paired t-tests evaluated changes in adiposity from 1- to 5 years post-ACLR. Linear regression models analyzed adiposity's associations with patient-reported symptoms and physical performance at 1-year post-ACLR, changes in symptoms and performance over 4 years post-ACLR, and longitudinal changes in adiposity and symptoms and performance, controlling for age, sex, and activity level. ResultsIndividuals 1-year post-ACLR were associated with higher average global (3 ​kg/m2) and peripheral adiposity (2.3 ​mm). From 1- to 5 years post-ACLR, higher average global (0.58 ​kg/m2) and central (5 ​cm) adiposity, and lower average peripheral adiposity (1.3 ​mm) were observed. In general, adiposity at one-year post-ACLR was negatively associated with patient-reported symptoms and physical performance, and changes from 1 to 5 years post-ACLR. Increases in adiposity were negatively associated with changes in patient-reported symptoms and physical performance over four years post-ACLR. ConclusionGreater global and central adiposity is a feature of young adults following ACLR and influences current and future patient-reported symptoms and physical performance.