Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis Of Newborn Research Articles

Follow-Up During Early Infancy of Newborns Diagnosed with Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (ScFN) is an uncommon condition caused by generalized and/or local tissue hypoperfusion. The skin lesions of ScFN tend to improve spontaneously. However, ScFN may also lead to complications which cause serious problems. The severity of the etiologic factors contributing to the development of the disease determines the severity of complications. Therefore, these patients should be closely monitored for complications, especially for hypercalcemia which may be life-threatening. The severity and duration of hypercalcemia are associated with the extensity of skin lesions.We present a newborn who developed ScFN as a result of systemic hypotension. The ScFN resolved after the first few weeks of life, but the patient developed mild hypercalcemia during the 4-month follow-up period. The infant was breast-fed during follow-up, and vitamin D prophylaxis was not initiated. The hypercalcemia resolved within four months without any complications. We would like to draw attention to the need to monitor serum calcium levels in these infants and to refrain from initiating vitamin D prophylaxis in the first months of life.Conflict of interest:None declared.

Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis as a Complication of Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Term Neonate

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a benign self-limited disorder commonly associated with hypothermia and perinatal asphyxia. SCFN secondary to therapeutic whole body hypothermia has rarely been reported. With increasing use of cooling for moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), clinicians should recognize this potential complication.

Post-Operative Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis in a Newborn: A Case Report

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (ScFN) is an uncommon condition of neonates and infants. The disorder is caused by generalized and local tissue hypoperfusion. The ScFN tends to improve spontaneously with or without some severe complications such as hypercalcemia. The ScFN may occur as iatrogenic after hypothermic surgical interventions. We present iatrogenic ScFN in a newborn with uncomplicated hypercalcemia due to cold exposure on operating table during at an umbilical cord hernia operation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient in whom ScFN occurred during a commonly performed and relatively short-term “nonhypothermic” operation.

Reply to the correspondence letter by Hakan N et al. alendronate for the treatment of hypercalcaemia due to neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis

We thank Dr. Hakan and collaborators for their interesting information provided as a reaction to our recent paper [1]. Their approach is original, although their hypothesis needs to be discussed in further details. Biphosphonates are adsorbed on to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone and slow down their rate of growth and dissolution. As a result, the rate of bone turnover decreases. Previously, other bisphosphonates, e.g., pamidronate, have been given in several cases of subcutaneous fat necrosis and found to be effective in hypercalcaemia–hypercalcuria conditions. Although biphosphonates are generally preserved for the more resistant cases and considered as second line agents for the treatment of subcutaneous fat necrosis in newborns, some have suggested that early use can prevent nephrocalcinosis. Alendronate is a new addition to the series of bisphosphonates tried for SCFN. This case report appears to be the first one reporting alendronate sodium use in SCFN. But it is not clear why this one was chosen among the bisphosphonates and whether it has got any superiority in comparison to the use of pamidronate while treating SCFN. As the physiopathological mechanism of SCFN is still not fully understood, the impact of alendronates on the natural history of SCFN and its long-term side effects need to be carefully monitored and its safety needs to be clearly established in the vulnerable neonatal population.

Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: The cytology spectrum with review of the literature

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is a rare, transient panniculitis of full-term infants. Diagnosis is usually made clinically; however, a biopsy is sometimes required. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) offers an alternative to biopsy. The cytology shows a spectrum of changes ranging from clumped lobules of fat with opaque cytoplasm to necrotic aspirates with dispersed fat cells with opaque cytoplasm, foamy macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Radially orientated, refractile, needle-shaped crystals are visible in the cytoplasm of the fat cells and loose lying in the necrotic background. FNAB offers an alternative to biopsy with good results.

The Utility of a Touch Preparation in the Diagnosis of Fluctuant Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFNN) is an uncommon self-limiting panniculitis. Lesions may be fluctuant and spontaneously drain. Here we report a technique to rapidly confirm the diagnosis of SFNN when fluctuance exists via a touch preparation that demonstrates the characteristic histologic features of this condition. The material can be collected by fine needle aspirate, from draining fluctuant lesions, or if biopsy if performed.

Eosinophilic granules in subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: What do they mean?

Journal of Cutaneous PathologyVolume 35, Issue 11 p. 1073-1074 Eosinophilic granules in subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: What do they mean? Pamela Farinelli, Pamela Farinelli Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorMassimo Gattoni, Massimo Gattoni Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorGiorgio Delrosso, Giorgio Delrosso Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorPaolo Boggio, Paolo Boggio Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorBarbara Raselli, Barbara Raselli Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorElisabetta Merlo, Elisabetta Merlo Department of Pathology, ‘Maggiore della Carità Hospital’, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italye-mail: pam.pamy@libero.itSearch for more papers by this authorGuido Valente, Guido Valente Department of Pathology, ‘Maggiore della Carità Hospital’, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italye-mail: pam.pamy@libero.itSearch for more papers by this authorEnrico Colombo, Enrico Colombo Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this author Pamela Farinelli, Pamela Farinelli Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorMassimo Gattoni, Massimo Gattoni Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorGiorgio Delrosso, Giorgio Delrosso Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorPaolo Boggio, Paolo Boggio Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorBarbara Raselli, Barbara Raselli Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this authorElisabetta Merlo, Elisabetta Merlo Department of Pathology, ‘Maggiore della Carità Hospital’, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italye-mail: pam.pamy@libero.itSearch for more papers by this authorGuido Valente, Guido Valente Department of Pathology, ‘Maggiore della Carità Hospital’, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italye-mail: pam.pamy@libero.itSearch for more papers by this authorEnrico Colombo, Enrico Colombo Dermatologic ClinicSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 October 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00975.xCitations: 8Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume35, Issue11November 2008Pages 1073-1074 RelatedInformation

MRI and US findings of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is an uncommon, benign disorder found in full-term or post-mature neonates. It usually presents in neonates who have experienced perinatal difficulty such as asphyxia, peripheral hypoxemia, hypothermia, meconium aspiration or trauma. We present a newborn with abnormal findings on MRI and US within the axilla, neck, and abdominal walls that were pathologically proved via biopsy to be subcutaneous fat necrosis.

Effectiveness of pamidronate in severe neonatal hypercalcemia caused by subcutaneous fat necrosis: a case report

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is a panniculitis that develops in fatty areas during the first weeks of life after foetal distress or perinatal complications. Prognosis is generally good with complete regression, but it can be complicated by metabolic abnormalities like hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, thrombocytopenia, and also potentially life-threatening hypercalcemia. We report a case of severe hypercalcemia complicating SCFN in a newborn who was treated with hyperhydration, furosemide, prednisone, and pamidronate.

Sclerema neonatorum: a review of nomenclature, clinical presentation, histological features, differential diagnoses and management

To review published literature on sclerema neonatorum (SN) in order to clarify its clinical presentation, histological features and management compared with two other diseases: subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) and scleredema. PubMed database was searched using the key words Sclerema neonatorum. A total of 55 articles from peer-reviewed journals were reviewed and summarized. SN, SCFN and scleredema are diseases of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. SN is characterized by hardening of the skin that gets bound down to the underlying muscle and bone, hindering respiration and feeding and is associated with congenital anomalies, cyanosis, respiratory illnesses and sepsis. Histology of the skin biopsy shows thickening of the trabeculae supporting the subcutaneous adipose tissue and a sparse inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes and multinucleate giant cells. SCFN has circumscribed hardening of skin on bony prominences with necrosis of adipocytes in subcutaneous tissue and a dense granulomatous infiltrate on histology. Scleredema is characterized by hardening of the skin along with edema; histology shows inflammatory infiltrate and edema in skin and subcutaneous tissues. SN has a high case fatality rate whereas SCFN and scleredema are self-limiting and lesions resolve within a few weeks to months. Exchange transfusion may improve survival in SN. The histological features of skin biopsy should be used to establish diagnosis of SN, SCFN and scleredema as disease-specific treatment is imperative in SN due to high fatality.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: a systematic evaluation of risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications and outcome of 16 children

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: a systematic evaluation of risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications and outcome of 16 children

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: a systematic evaluation of risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications and outcome of 16 children

Subcutaneous fat necrosis (SFN) of the newborn is a rare acute transient hypodermatitis that develops within the first weeks of life in term infants. It often follows a difficult delivery. Prognosis is generally good except for the development of hypercalcaemia in severe cases. Only several case reports or small patients series have been published. To evaluate risk factors, complications and outcomes of SFN in 16 consecutive patients seen from 1996 to 2002 in our Department of Paediatric Dermatology. On a case-report form created for the study, we recorded putative risk factors concerning the mother, pregnancy and delivery, clinical aspects of SFN, and early and late outcomes. The study was conducted in two stages: the first was a retrospective analysis of the observations and the second analysed data collected on children and their parents during a new consultation (n=10). All the children were born at term. Lesions appeared a mean of 4 days after delivery. Three-quarters of the children had diffuse SFN. Risk factors identified were newborn failure to thrive (12/16), forceps delivery (7/16), maternal high blood pressure (3/10) and/or diabetes (2/10), and newborn cardiac surgery (1/16). Putative novel risk factors were macrosomia (7/16), exposure to active (4/10) or passive (3/10) smoking during pregnancy, putative or known maternal, paternal or newborn risk factors for thrombosis (5/10), and dyslipidaemia (2/10). Complications were hypercalcaemia (9/16), pain (4/16), dyslipidaemia (1/16), renal insufficiency (1/16) and late subcutaneous atrophy (6/6). This study on 16 newborns with SFN provides new information. Familial or newborn risk factors for thrombosis are frequent. Macrosomia, familial dyslipidaemia and smoking should be evaluated. The main complications identified were severe pain, hypercalcaemia and subcutaneous atrophy.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis in a newborn following icebag application for treatment of supraventricular tachycardia

Cases of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) and neonatal cold panniculitis have been reported most often secondary to perinatal distress or hypothermia. We present a case of a newborn infant who developed erythematous, indurated plaques on both cheeks and right shoulder following ice pack application for supraventricular tachycardia. The distinction between SCFN and cold panniculitis is important as SCFN may have complications such as hypercalcemia, whereas cold panniculitis is not associated with such sequelae. Clinicians should be aware of the diagnostic similarities and differences between these two conditions because of differences in potential serious sequelae.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: Be aware of hypercalcaemia

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is an uncommon, self-limiting panniculitis that usually occurs in full-term infants as a consequence of perinatal asphyxia. The cutaneous involvement may be associated with metabolic complications such as hypoglycaemia, thrombocytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, anemia and hypercalcaemia. The delayed onset of hypercalcaemia, 1-6 months after the development of the skin manifestations, imposes a prolonged follow-up to avoid its acute toxic effects on cardiovascular and renal systems and the more durable metastatic calcifications.

Cytological diagnosis of subcutaneous fat necrosis of newborn: A case report

Cytological findings of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn, a rare and transient disorder of neonates, is described in a 20-day-old male baby, who presented with a 2-week history of firm, erythematous nodules and plaques on the back and upper arms.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFN) is an uncommon disease that affects newborns who have suffered from tissue hypoxia during or following delivery. This disease appears during the first weeks of life. It consists of indurate, erythematous or purple-erythematous nodules and plaques in the skin. Histology of a biopsy specimen shows granulomatous necrosis in the subcutis with radial crystals in lipocytes and giant cells. Spontaneous resolution in a few weeks is usual, but the mobilization of calcium from the necrosed subcutis together with the action of some hormones may cause hypercalcemia and certain serious complications. A newborn female child developed SFN after dystocic delivery causing cerebral frontal lobe hemorrhage. The skin nodules resolved spontaneously in a few weeks and no complications were observed 1 year later.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFN) is an uncommon disease that affects newborns who have suffered from tissue hypoxia during or following delivery. This disease appears during the first weeks of life. It consists of indurate, erythematous or purple-erythematous nodules and plaques in the skin. Histology of a biopsy specimen shows granulomatous necrosis in the subcutis with radial crystals in lipocytes and giant cells. Spontaneous resolution in a few weeks is usual, but the mobilization of calcium from the necrosed subcutis together with the action of some hormones may cause hypercalcemia and certain serious complications. A newborn female child developed SFN after dystocic delivery causing cerebral frontal lobe hemorrhage. The skin nodules resolved spontaneously in a few weeks and no complications were observed 1 year later.

Etidronate therapy for hypercalcemia in subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) is characterized by indurated violet skin nodules and, occasionally, life-threatening hypercalcemia. Current treatments of patients with SCFN-related hypercalcemia are often only partially successful and may be associated with prolonged hypercalcemia. We now report the use of etidronate, a bisphosphonate, to control hypercalcemia in an infant with SCFN. (J Pediatr 1999;134:349-51)

Subcutaneous Fat necrosis of the newborn

Subcutaneous Fat necrosis of the newborn

Sclerema neonatorum and subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn in the same infant

Sclerema neonatorum (SN) is a rare disease of the newborn characterised by diffuse hardening of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The condition is distinct from the localised violacious nodules observed in subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN). Both conditions were diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of life in the same infant. SN and SCFN are unusual conditions in the newborn, the former usually associated with a severe clinical illness, following delivery or major surgery. The skin lesions of these two conditions are distinct and do not usually occur simultaneously. SN is associated with a poor prognosis.