Subcutaneous Dissection Research Articles

Techniques of wrist arthroscopy

Wrist arthroscopy is a promising new technique for the evaluation of wrist pain or dysfunction. Cadaveric wrist specimens were used to devise safe and advantageous entry portals for arthroscopy and to establish respective advantages for each portal. Thirty-five clinical cases were used to correlate the laboratory experience and to refine a reproducible surgical technique. Seven portals are useful: five in the radiocarpal interval, one in the midcarpal area, and one in the distal radioulnar joint space. Detailed wrist anatomy is reviewed in this paper and must be thoroughly understood to interpret arthroscopic views. Blunt subcutaneous dissection protects cutaneous nerve branches at the various portals. Intraoperative photographs illustrate the excellent perspectives achieved using these techniques.

Correction of complicated saddle nose ? Report of 63 cases

63 cases of complicated saddle nose deformity are presented. Treatment was by wide subcutaneous dissection over the nose and over the maxilla. Lengthening of the nose was achieved with a mucoperiosteal flap from under the nasal bones being advanced caudally. Contours were provided with L-shaped iliac crest bone graft; pyriform aperture onlay bone grafts were occasionally performed. There was one failure due to loss of bone graft by infection. In four cases there was exposure of the bone graft at the nasal tip, but these healed spontaneously. The results of this procedure have been very satisfactory.

The effects of genotype, sex and feeding regimen on pig carcass development: 2. Tissue weight distribution and fat partition between depots

SUMMARYDissection data for 1006 carcasses taken from the first 2 years of the Meat and Livestock Commission's (MLC) Commercial Pig Evaluation (CPE) were used to examine the growth of tissue weights in joints relative to the corresponding total tissue weight in carcass, and the growth of fat depots relative to total fat over the carcass weight range, 46–92 kg. Growth relationships were examined using a linear allometric model. Differences in tissue weight distribution between genotypes (pigs from different companies in CPE), sexes (barrows and gilts) and feeding regimens (restricted and ad libitum feeding) were examined at constant lean, bone or fat weight as appropriate, common allometric regression slopes being assumed.Lean and bone showed the same pattern of development. Relative growth was lowest in the proximal limb joints (ham and hand) increasing inwards to the joints of the back. With minor differences, the same pattern was found for subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat. Fat depots differed considerably in their growth relative to total fat: intermuscular fat grew more slowly (allometric growth coefficient, b = 0·87), subcutaneous fat at the same rate and perinephric and retroperitoneal fat (flare fat) more rapidly (b = 1·24).Significant differences were recorded between genotypes in lean distribution and in the distribution of fat depots. However, the differences were small and of little commercial importance. There were also differences in fat partition between genotypes, flare fat being the most variable depot.Sex and feeding regimen also influenced tissue distribution and fat partition.The results are discussed in relation to the robustness of regression equations for predicting overall carcass composition from subcutaneous fat measurements and sample joint dissections.

Rapid tracheal injury by cuffed airways and healing with loss of ciliated epithelium.

In 54 patients examined at autopsy, the acute tracheal erosions produced by two types of commercially available endotracheal tubes with inflatable cuffs were similar to those induced by two types of cuffed tracheostomy tubes. The erosions exposed portions of the tracheal cartilages within 12 to 48 hours. Healing of the circumferential tracheal erosions often was accompanied by the loss of the submucosal mixed mucous and serous glands and the replacement of the normal ciliated epithelium by stratified squamous epithelium. Such a zone in a long-term survivor may become a substantial barrier to removal of particulate matter from the tracheobronchial tree. Additional complications of controlled ventilation included mediastinal and subcutaneous air dissection, tension pneumothorax, perforation of the esophagus, bronchial obstruction, hemorrhage, and signs suggestive of adult oxygen toxicity. Hemorrhage appeared to be more common in patients receiving anticoagulants.