Subcarrier Permutation Research Articles

Hybrid Power Line/Wireless System With Optimal Subcarrier Permutation Under Uniform or Optimal Power Allocation

This article studies optimal subcarrier permutation in hybrid power line/wireless systems to either maximize the achievable data rate or minimize the average bit error probability (BEP). In order to better exploit the frequency selectivity of power line and wireless media, subcarrier permutation is optimized under uniform or optimal power allocation over an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing scheme using maximal-ratio combining. Different from previous works, we demonstrate that the normalized signal-to-noise (nSNR) must be considered instead of the SNR and prove that it can be extended to cases where the minimization of the average BEP and optimal power allocation are considered. Moreover, we show that subcarrier permutation and power allocation problems can be assumed to be decoupled. Numerical results show that performance gains associated with subcarrier permutation become more relevant as the frequency selectivity of the nSNRs increases. In addition, the optimal subcarrier permutation is more effective for minimizing the average BEP than maximizing the achievable data rate and yields similar improvement under the usage of uniform and optimal power allocations.

Generalized Benders Decomposition to Secure Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation for Multiuser Full-Duplex Relay Cooperative Networks

In this paper, we investigate the issue of resource allocation for secure energy efficient communication in a multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based full-duplex (FD) relaying network in the presence of a passive eavesdropper whose channel state information (CSI) is not perfectly known. Our goal is to maximize the overall secure energy efficiency (SEE), which presents the relationship between energy consumption and secrecy performance. In the context of multiuser communications, such a resource allocation strategy jointly combines subcarrier permutation, subcarrier pair allocation, as well as power allocation altogether. The considered optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonconvex programming problem, which is generally NP hard. Analyzing the property of such a problem, we first use the Dinkelbach's method to eliminate the fractional form and then exploit Generalized Benders decomposition to decouple the original problem into a master problem for pure integer programming and a primal problem for nonlinear programming. More specific, given the nonconvexity of the primal problem, we accordingly transform it into an equivalent relaxed convex problem by applying dual decomposition, alternative convex search, and difference of convex function programming. The numerical results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Index Modulation Aided Subcarrier Mapping for Dual-Hop OFDM Relaying

There is a recent surge of research interest in the study of performance-enhancing techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based relay systems. Among those, subcarrier mapping has been verified to be an effective one for boosting the system capacity and improving the error performance. However, it has to be performed at the relay, which subsequently conveys the subcarrier permutation information to the destination. The existing signaling scheme occupies a portion of subcarriers to this end, leading to a loss of spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel signaling scheme to eliminate this overhead by transferring the subcarrier permutation to the mode permutation that can be implicitly conveyed without consuming additional spectrum resources. We adopt phase rotation for mode design considering both non-adaptive and adaptive modulation, and illustrate the proposed scheme by taking the dual-hop OFDM relaying with semi-blind amplify-and-forward protocol as an example. An asymptotically tight upper bound on the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed scheme is derived in closed-form over Rayleigh fading channels. BER simulation results validate the analysis and show that the proposed scheme asymptotically approaches the ideal case that assumes perfect knowledge of subcarrier permutation information at the destination and significantly outperforms the existing scheme in the asymptotic signal-to-noise ratio region at the same spectral efficiency.

Optimizing WiMAX: Mitigating Co-Channel Interference for Maximum Spectral Efficiency

The efficient use of radio spectrum is one of the most important issues in wireless networks because spectrum is generally limited and wireless environment is constrained to channel interference. To cope up and for increased usefulness of radio spectrum wireless networks use frequency reuse technique. The frequency reuse technique allows the use of same frequency band in different cells of same network considering inter-cell distance and resulting interference level. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) PHY profile is designed to use FRF (Frequency Reuse Factor) of one. When FRF of one is used it results in an improved spectral efficacy but also results in CCI (Co-Channel interference) at cell boundaries. The effect of interference is always required to be measured so that some averaging/ minimization techniques may be incorporated to keep the interference level up to some acceptable threshold in wireless environment. In this paper, we have analyzed, that how effectively CCI impact can be mitigated by using different subcarrier permutation types presented in IEEE 802.16 standard. A simulation based analysis is presented wherein impact of using same and different permutation base in adjacent cells in a WiMAX network on CCI, under varying load conditions is analyzed. We have further studied the effect of permutation base in environment where frequency reuse technique is used in conjunction with cell sectoring for better utilization of radio spectrum.

Capacity Analysis and Simulation for Mobile WiMAX System in Distributed Subcarrier Permutation Modes in a Proposed Channel

In this paper, capacity analysis for mobile WiMAX working in distributed subcarrier permutation modes is investigated mathematically depending on the physical layer simulation results. These simulation results of physical layerdispose exact values for the number of best burst profiles that candidate to carry Medium Access Control (MAC) payload in a proposed ITU-R mixed user channel. The complete simulation model for physical and MAC layers has been made using OPNET 14.5 to validate the analytical resultsof the obtained capacity. This approach for capacity analysis based on simulation results is proposed to overcome the lack of interests by other researches in the significant influence of the physical layer constraints on the MAC layer capacity calculations. As well as in this paper,a proposed ITU-R mixed user channelis performed to suit the high mobility users involved under distributed subcarrier permutation modes. Moreover, this paper focused on the exact overhead calculations by taking into account all the significant overhead parameters in the MAC layer frame structure that affects the overall system capacity. Keywords IEEE802.16e-2005, OFDMA, PUSC, FUSC, QoS, proposed ITU-R mixed user channel model, PER.

Resource Allocation in Relay-Aided OFDM Cognitive Radio Networks

In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation problem in a single-user relay-aided cognitive radio (CR) underlay network. Both the CR network and the primary network operate under the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. Different from the conventional resource allocation problem, the relay node here is capable of performing subcarrier permutation over two hops such that the signal received over a particular subcarrier is forwarded via a different subcarrier. The objective is to maximize the throughput of the CR network subject to a limited power budget at the secondary source and the relay node and to interference constraints at the primary receiver. Optimization is performed under a unified framework where power allocation at the source node, power allocation at the relay node, and subcarrier pairing at the two hops are jointly optimized. The joint resource-allocation scheme yields an asymptotically optimal solution. We further design a suboptimal algorithm that sacrifices little on performance but could significantly reduce computational complexity. Finally, numerical examples are provided to corroborate the proposed studies.

Effect of Physical Layer Limitations on the MAC Layer Capacity of Mobile WiMAX System, Analysis and Simulation

this paper, the effect of physical layer limitations on the MAC layer capacity of mobile WiMAX system is analyzed mathematically. The downlink physical layer simulation results show the best burst profiles for a mobile WiMAX system working in a multipath fading channel under the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for video streaming applications. The capacity mathematical results are obtained based on the physical layer constraints after discarding the MAC layer overheads. Then, a complete simulation model for physical and MAC layers are built to validate the capacity analytical results. The simulation results show a good degree of convergence between the analytical and simulation capacity results. Also, the results show that the maximum number of users that can be served instantaneously by the BS are different depends on the used distributed subcarrier permutation mode. KeywordsWiMAX, physical layer, MAC layer, PUSC, FUSC, ITU-R mixed users channel model, QoS.

Impact of Downlink Distributed and Adjacent Subcarrier Permutation Modes on the Performance of Mobile WiMAX System in ITU-R Ped. B Channel with Obtaining Optimum Cyclic Prefix

Mobile WiMAX is one of the candidate technologies for 4G wireless systems, promising high data rates and affluent multimedia services. The mobile WiMAX standard (IEEE802.16e-2005)is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), which allows a very efficient use of bandwidth in a wide frequency range, this is due to the fact that OFDMA uses multi-channel OFDM approach and provides subcarrier access in the time and the frequency domains. In this paper the impact of downlink distributed (FUSC, PUSC) and adjacent (AMC) subcarrier permutation modes used in mobile WiMAX system are investigated using simulation under various modulation and coding schemes (link speeds)with the support of optimum value of the Cyclic Prefix (CP) for the OFDMA symbol duration. The results are expressed in terms of the maximum achievable throughput and operating distance from base station in pedestrian multipath fading channel (ITU-R Ped. B at 3Km/h speed) under a UDP-based application (video streaming), which is the proper application for multimedia services. The results show the optimum cyclic prefix valve for the FUSC, PUSC and AMC subcarrier permutation modes to achieve the best system performance, also the results show differences in PER performance atvarious modulation and coding schemes for the three subcarrier permutation modes (FUSC, PUSC and AMC). These differences in performance are exploited in the present work to show the best threshold SNR to switch from link speed to another link speed in terms of throughput and operating distance. Key words: IEEE802.16e-2005, OFDMA, FUSC, PUSC, AMC, ITU-R Ped. B channel, PER.

Capacity and Handover Analysis in Mobile WiMAX

This article analyzes mobile WiMAX network capacity and handover impact on characteristics of network QoS – sector capacity and service latency. Author designed software that was used for: sector capacity calculation for different modulation and subcarrier permutation techniques; handover simulation, evaluating generated data traffic dependencies from packet loss ratio and number of base stations. Mathematical equations were used for calculating regular and handover traffic blocking probability dependencies from traffic intensity for different channel assignment and prioritization algorithms. Ill. 16, bibl. 7, tabl. 2 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.119.3.1357

A study of QoS guarantee and fairness based on cross-layer channel state in Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

Because the bandwidth usage of wireless transmission is limited, one of the major research topics in this field is to improve system throughput by supporting multiple users with limited bandwidth resources. Although there are several studies on cross-layer designs for improving system throughput, previous research on quality-of-service guarantee and fairness are relatively rare. This study proposes a cross-layer subcarrier permutation (CLSP) mechanism that uses cross-layer strategies to select suboptimal subcarriers. Service flows simulations in the IEEE 802.16e system indicate that CLSP achieved a lower delay time and a long-term fairness among multiple users. Experimental results further show that the throughput of CLSP is 28 percent higher than that of the partial usage of subchannels model using the orthogonal frequency division multiple access technique. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Throughput Gain Using Threshold-Based Multiuser Scheduling in WiMAX OFDMA

This paper presents the analysis of the throughput enhancement possible using threshold-based multiuser scheduling in WiMAX OFDMA. We consider a point-to-multipoint (PMP) WiMAX network where base station (BS) schedules downlink packets for simultaneous transmissions to multiple users using the WiMAX OFDMA system. WiMAX OFDMA standard specifies several subcarrier permutation options, such as the partial usage of subcarriers (PUSC), full usage of subcarrier (FUSC), and the band adaptive modulation and coding (band-AMC) among others, for mapping the physical subcarriers into logical subchannels assigned to users by the BS schedulers. In this paper, we propose the use of threshold testing prior to the process of subchannel assignment to users by the BS scheduler, as a means of throughput enhancement. In the proposed threshold-based multiuser scheduling scheme, the BS scheduler selects at any time instant users whose channel gains in the available subchannels equal or exceed a predetermined energy threshold. Thus, only users who can maximize BS throughput on the available subchannels are assigned data transmission opportunities which enhance the BS data rate, albeit at the expense of fairness to users. We quantify the throughput enhancement of the proposed system and illustrate its benefits by numerical simulations.

Performance Evaluation of OFDM Amplify-and-Forward Relay System with Subcarrier Permutation

We perform error probability analysis of the uncoded OFDM fixed gain Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relaying system with subcarrier permutation (SCP). Two SCP schemes, named: the best-to-best SCP (BTB SCP) and the best-to-worst SCP (BTW SCP) are considered. Closed-form expressions for the bit error rate (BER) of the above SCP methods are derived. Numerical results manifest that these SCP schemes may outperform one another, depending on the average channel conditions of the links involved. That is, BTB SCP is better at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, while BTW SCP prevails in the medium and high SNR regime. Thus, it could be concluded that OFDM AF relaying systems may switch from the BTB SCP to BTW SCP in order to achieve optimum BER performance. Moreover, using the derived end-to-end SNR probability density functions (PDF), tight upper bounds for the ergodic capacities of both SCP schemes are obtained.

Contiguous Frequency-Time Resource Allocation and Scheduling for Wireless OFDMA Systems with QoS Support

The orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme has been selected as a potential candidate for many emerging broadband wireless access standards. In this paper, a new joint scheduling and resource allocation scheme is proposed for the OFDMA systems using contiguous subcarrier permutation. The proposed resource allocation algorithm provides contiguous sets of frequency-time resource units following a rectangular shape yielding a reduction on the required burst signalling. The joint scheduling and resource allocation process is divided into two phases: the QoS requirements fulfilment and the input buffers emptying status. For each phase, a specific prioritization function is defined in order to obtain a trade-off between the fairness and the spectral efficiency maximization. The new prioritization scheme provides a reduction of 50% of the 99th percentile from the delivered packets delay in case of non real-time services, and 30% of the packet loss rate in case of real-time services compared to the proportional fair scheduling function. On the other hand, it is also demonstrated that using the rectangular data packing algorithm, the number of required bursts per frame can be reduced up to a few tenths without compromising the performance.