Subscale Scores Research Articles

Mediatory effect of alexythymia on the relationship between cyberchondria and somatosensory amplification in psoriasis patients

Purpose: We hypothesized that the level of cyberchondria may be related to exaggeration of bodily sensations in patients diagnosed with psoriasis and that the level of alexithymia may have a mediating effect on this relationship. Materials and Methods: Our research sample consists of 101 patients diagnosed with Psoriasis and 89 healthy controls. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was applied to patients diagnosed with psoriasis. All participants completed the Sociodemographic Data Form, Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CCS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck AnxietyInventory (BAI) and Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS). Results: SCÖ F1, F2 subscale and total scores in the control group; f5 scores were statistically significantly higher in the psoriasis group. SSAS total scores in the psoriasis group were statistically significantly higher than in the control group. A significant, positive and low level correlation was found between PASI and SCS f1, BD and ssas scores in psoriasis patients. There is a significant, positive and significant difference between PASI and BA scores. A moderate correlation was found. The mediating effect of alexithymia in the relationship between cyberchondria and exaggeration of bodily sensations. In the mediation analysis examined, alexithymia was found to be a partial mediator. Both the direct and indirect (mediating effect) effects of cyberchondria on alexithymia are significant. Conclusion: Alexithymia has a mediating effect on the relationship between cyberchondria and exaggeration of bodily sensations in patients with psoriasis. In clinical practice, assessing the level of exaggeration of bodily sensations and alexithymia may be predictive to determine the pathological level of health information seeking behavior in people suffering from chronic diseases such as psoriasis.

The healthy habits questionnaire (HHQ): Validation of a measure designed to assess problematic influential behaviours amongst families of children living with obesity or a risk of developing obesity.

The 48-item Healthy Habits Questionnaire (HHQ-48) was developed to (1) monitor positive changes in family lifestyles following engagement in the Parents Plus Healthy Families (PP-HF) parent training programme and (2) be utilised as a standalone measure in clinical settings to identify and track problematic influential behaviours amongst families of children in weight-management services. This study aimed to develop and validate a brief version of the HHQ-48. The scale was administered to a cross-sectional community sample (n = 480), and on two occasions to a control sample (n = 50) and an experimental sample (n = 40) from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the PP-HF programme to assess test-retest reliability and sensitivity to change respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that a 23-item, 4-factor version of the HHQ (i.e., the HHQ-23) best fit the data. The scale and factor subscales had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. They also had good concurrent and construct validity shown by significant correlations with another scale that assessed lifestyle issues, and scales that assessed parenting satisfaction, family functioning, and children's strengths and difficulties. The HHQ-23 was sensitive to change following parents completing the PP-HF programme. The HHQ-23 may, therefore, be used to monitor positive changes in family lifestyles following engagement in the PP-HF parent training programme. The HHQ-23 also shows promising potential as a standalone screening measure or as part of a larger battery of screening assessments in paediatric weight-management services.

Effectiveness of art-based health education on anemia and health literacy among pregnant women in Western Nepal: A randomized controlled trial.

As Nepalese pregnant women vary widely in literacy levels and cultural backgrounds and are reluctant to make decisions about their health, general interventions are insufficient to improve maternal anemia. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of "face-to-face health education using educational material created using pictures, photos, and nomograms" in reducing anemia and improving health literacy. A total of 156 Nepalese pregnant women with hemoglobin (Hb) levels below 11.0 g/dl were divided into three groups: the education group received three sessions of face-to-face health education using art-based material unaffected by literacy skills; the distribution group received material used in the education group; and the control group underwent general perinatal checkups. Hb levels and health literacy scores were assessed at baseline early pregnancy (8-12 weeks) and late pregnancy (36-40 weeks). A Nepalese version of the 14-item Health Literacy Scale (HLS-14) was developed to assess health literacy. The post-intervention three-group comparison showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.042) in mean Hb levels after the intervention. Dunnett's test showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.044) between the education and control groups but no significant difference between the distribution and control groups (P = 0.972). No significant differences in health literacy (total scores and subscales) were observed among the three groups before the intervention in the Kruskal-Wallis test and after the intervention (although there was a trend towards improvement). Total health literacy scores before and after the intervention were statistically significantly different for the total group and all three groups (P<0.001). Only the education group showed statistically significant differences in functional (P<0.012), communication (P<0.004), and critical (P<0.014) literacy subscale scores. Continuous face-to-face health education using literacy material significantly reduced anemia and improved health literacy among Nepalese pregnant women. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ (Registration number: UMIN000049603).

Chronotype, sleep quality, impulsivity and aggression in patients with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls

ABSTRACT Impulsivity, aggression, and suicide are the major clinical symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although previous studies indicated poor sleep quality and its relationship with clinical symptoms in patients with BPD, chronotype, an important sleep parameter, was not investigated in these patients. This study aimed to analyze chronotype and its relationship with clinical symptoms in patients with BPD. Participants in this study consisted of 68 BPD patients and 65 healthy controls. Subjective sleep characteristics, impulsivity, aggression, suicide probability, and chronotype were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (BPAQ), Suicide Probability Scale, and Morningness – Eveningness Questionnaire, respectively. PSQI total and subscale scores subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime drowsiness were significantly higher in the BPD group (p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the PSQI total score and the BPAQ total score (r = 0.268, p = 0.027). The rate of evening type was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.004). Suicide attempts and the subscale of suicide probability hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and negative self-evaluation scores were significantly higher in evening type BPD patients. (p = 0.017, p = 0.009, p = 0.001, p = 0.047). Sleep quality is associated with aggression, and the eveningness chronotype is associated with suicide. It may be useful to focus on sleep problems in treating BPD patients.

The relationship between insight and coping attitudes in bipolar disorder patients

ABSTRACT Bipolar disorder is thought to determine the insights and coping attitudes that affect a patient’s compliance with treatment, which can positively affect the prognosis of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insight and coping attitudes in bipolar disorder patients. This descriptive study was carried out with 127 volunteer patients who were diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and who were in a euthymic state. The Personal Information Form, Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) and Scale of Coping Attitudes (COPE) were used as data collection tools. We found positive correlations between the total COPE score, the total BCIS score and the self-reflectivity subscale score of the BCIS. A positive and significant correlation was also determined between the BCIS subscales and total scores and coping attitudes toward adaptation with the COPE subscales (p < 0.05). A positive and significant relationship was found between the insight scores and total coping scores of the patients and their coping attitudes toward adaptation. We found that when patients’ levels of insight increased, their coping attitudes toward adaptation were used more frequently. This study revealed that individuals with high self-reflectivity can cope more effectively with the situations they face.

Relationship among Childbirth, Onset of Lower Back Pain, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Female Patients with Lower Back Pain: A Retrospective Study.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between childbirth and lower back pain and determine the health-related quality of life of female patients with lower back pain. A total of 111 patients were divided into three groups: those who had given birth and developed lower back pain due to pregnancy, childbirth, or child-rearing movements (childbirth group, n=41), those who had given birth and developed lower back pain due to other causes (childbirth and other cause group, n=29), and those who were nulliparous (nulliparous group, n=41). A total of 22 physical therapists evaluated the patients during initial rehabilitation. Basic information and health-related quality of life were compared among the three groups using a one-way analysis of variance for the visual analog scale scores for lower back pain, summary scores (physical health [physical component summary] and mental health [mental component summary]), and subscales (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health) of the Short Form-8 Health Survey. These values were also compared with the national standard values for health-related quality of life. The chi-square test of independence was used to compare distributions, and Fisher's exact probability test was used for cells with an expected value of <5. Most participants had physical component summary scores below the national standard values. The visual analog scale scores for lower back pain were significantly higher in the birth group than in the nonbirth group. The physical component summary, physical functioning, and general health scores were significantly lower in the birth group than in the nonbirth group. Moreover, bodily pain scores were significantly lower in the birth group than in the other groups. For female patients with lower back pain due to pregnancy, childbirth, or childcare activities, physical conditions unique to postpartum women should be considered, and if necessary, instructions for activities of daily living should be provided.

The Effect of Levetiracetam and Valproic Acid Treatment on Anger and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Features in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy: A Prospective Study.

Antiseizure medications (ASMs) can potentially trigger psychobehavioral adverse events associated with the onset or exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms such as irritability, aggression, and hyperactivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of levetiracetam and valproic acid on changes in clinical features of anger, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The purpose was to furnish guidance on rational drug selection in children and adolescents with epilepsy to minimize psychiatric comorbidity in the treatment of epilepsy. This was a prospective, observational, cohort study involving treatment-naïve children aged 7-18 years with newly diagnosed generalized or focal epilepsy who were prescribed levetiracetam or valproic acid as monotherapy for a 6-month period and regularly followed up. Psychiatric assessment was conducted at the time of the new epilepsy diagnosis and at the six-month follow-up. These assessments were performed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Current and Lifetime Version (DSM-5), a structured psychiatric interview, as well as the State-Trait Anger Expression Style Inventory and Turgay DSM-IV Based Disruptive Behaviour Disorders Screening and Rating Scale. Anger subscores, ADHD symptoms, change in diagnosis, focal and generalized epilepsy groups, continuous seizures and seizure-free periods before and 6 months after treatment with valproic acid and levetiracetam were compared. A total of 50 children, 25 in the valproic acid group and 25 in the levetiracetam group, with a mean age of 11.92 ± 3.08 years, were included in the study. There was a statistically significant increase in the ADHD subscale score post-treatment among patients receiving levetiracetam (p = 0.045) and valproic acid (p = 0.034) compared with pre-treatment. The change in both anger-in and anger-out expression scores with treatment was significantly higher in patients receiving levetiracetam (p = 0.035) compared with those receiving valproic acid (p = 0.026). Statistically, there was a significant difference in the diagnostic criteria of the levetiracetam group pre- and post-treatment (p = 0.026). The proportion of patients in whom the diagnostic criteria for ADHD+ODD were fulfilled increased from 16% before treatment to 48% after treatment, a statistically significant increase (p = 0.026). This study found an increase in internalized anger features and ADHD symptom severity in children with epilepsy treated with valproic acid and levetiracetam. In those prescribed levetiracetam, there was a statistically significant rise in the proportion meeting the diagnostic criteria for ADHD + ODD. Our research is one of the first to prospectively examine the psychiatric assessment of children diagnosed with epilepsy. The remarkable results demonstrate changes in psychiatric diagnoses associated with the treatment of levetiracetam and valproic acid. Furthermore, a considerable rise in ADHD symptoms was observed in those treated with valproic acid.

DIET AND EXERCISE HABITS OF NURSING ACADEMICS DURING THE PANDEMIC

This study aimed to examine the effects of social isolation during COVID-19 pandemic on dietary and exercise habits of nursing academics. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 393 nurse academics working in Turkey who agreed to participate in the study. During lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 10% of the participants received professional support for diet and exercise. The habits such as consumption of foods that strengthen the immune system and the time spent passively increased, whereas the habit of fast food consumption decreased. The nursing academics in this study showed a positive attitude toward diet and exercise because of their increasing age and the presence of chronic diseases; thus, high scores were observed on the diet and physical activity subscales of the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale (HLBS II) used in this study (p ˂ 0.05). Thus, it is very important for nurse academics to display healthy lifestyle behaviors during the course of the pandemic to be role models for increasing the awareness of the public about the appropriate diet and exercise

Relationship between ultrasonographic findings and subscales of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score in patients with early knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study.

To characterize the ultrasonographic findings of patients with early knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and determine which findings were associated with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscale. The study included 98 knees (35 men, 63 women, 60.3 ± 11.5 years) diagnosed with early KOA with no major deformity radiographically, but with pain during activity and tenderness in the medial knee. Synovial hyperplasia in the suprapatellar bursa, knee joint effusion, horizontal tear of the medial meniscus (MM), osteophytes of the medial condyle of the femur and tibia, blood flow signals in the synovium of the suprapatellar bursa, medial collateral ligament bursa, infrapatellar fat pad, MM extrusion (MME) in the supine and upright positions, and the amount of change in MME were observed using ultrasonography. Correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the presence of synovial hyperplasia of the suprapatellar bursa (r<-0.20) and amount of MME in the upright position (r< - 0.24) and all KOOS subscales. Presence of joint effusion and the four KOOS subscales except quality of life (QOL) were correlated (p < 0.05). Partial correlation coefficients showed correlations (p < 0.05) between knee joint effusion and symptoms (r = 0.299) and activities of daily living (ADL) (r = 0.254) of the KOOS subscales, and between MME in the upright position and symptoms (r= - 0.263), pain (r= - 0.256), and ADL (r= - 0.212). Quality and difficulty of life of patients with early KOA may be influenced by synovial hyperplasia in the suprapatellar bursa, joint effusion, and MME values in the upright position. Among them, synovial hyperplasia of the suprapatellar bursa and amount of MME in the upright position were independently associated with the KOOS subscales.

Maslach Burnout Inventory versus Boyko’s Burnout Inventory: a comparative study and methodology

BackgroundIn Russia, the following two questionnaires are mainly used to study the burnout syndrome: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Boyko’s Burnout Inventory (BBI). Despite the fact that the questionnaires are based on different theoretical models and composition of the scales, they evaluate essentially the same construct. A few published sources provide data on correlations between the results of measuring burnout using these methods. However, the presence of a correlation does not imply the comparability of the methods. The goal of our study was to compare the results of MBI and BBI as well as to develop a methodology for reciprocal recalculation of their burnout estimates.MethodsMBI and BBI scales were employed to diagnose the burnout syndrome. Our study included 117 men aged 41–44 years. The total scores obtained by the two methods, as well as the subscale scores, were compared using the correlation analysis, the cross-comparative analysis, and the Bland–Altman plot method, while the associations between the results were estimated with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe total scores (integral indicators based on summing the scores of all subscales and taking into account differences in the weights of scale scores) demonstrated a high similarity in measuring the severity of the burnout. All three dimensions of burnout sensu MBI correlated with the total BBI score.ConclusionThe comparison (MBI vs. BBI) demonstrated the consistency of the results, which implied the possibility of comparing data yielded by the studies based on the two questionnaires (MBI and BBI).

The burden of brooding on neural error processing: The role of repetitive negative thinking in major depressive disorder with and without comorbid anxiety disorders

BackgroundRepetitive negative thinking (RNT), particularly its brooding aspect, is a prominent feature in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with and without comorbid anxiety. Error processing, an adaptive cognitive operation, seems to be impaired in individuals with exaggerated RNT. This study measured a post-error neural response, error-related negativity (ERN), during an inhibitory task to examine the mechanism underlying the relationship between RNT and faulty error processing. MethodsWe examined current MDD patients with (n = 61) and without comorbid anxiety disorders (COM; n = 38), propensity-matched into High- or Low-RNT groups according to Ruminative Response Scale Brooding subscale scores. Using 32-channel electroencephalography (EEG) during a stop-signal task, we measured baseline-corrected ERN amplitude at FCz 0–100 ms after an incorrect response. A between-subjects ANOVA was conducted with group (High RNT, Low RNT) and comorbidity (MDD, COM) as factors. ResultsA significant group-by-comorbidity interaction (η2 = 0.07) was found, with MDD participants exhibiting high RNT revealing smaller (more positive) ERN amplitudes compared to their COM counterparts with high RNT (d = 0.77) and MDD participants with low RNT (d = 0.92). ConclusionsNon-anxious individuals with MDD and high RNT showed blunted post-error neural responses, potentially indicating a diminished adaptive neural mechanism for recognizing and correcting errors. However, the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders in individuals with high RNT appears to counteract this reduction, potentially through an enhanced neural response to errors, thereby maintaining a higher level of error-processing activity. Further understanding of these relationships is essential for developing targeted interventions for MDD, with particular focus on the detrimental impact of brooding RNT.

A cooperative learning intervention for improving a simulation-based paediatric nursing course: A quasi-experimental study

AimThis study aimed to examine if a cooperative intervention improved outcomes for a simulation-based paediatric nursing course. BackgroundFostering cooperative learning can enhance student engagement and improve learning. Simulation-based courses provide nursing students an opportunity to practice and hone nursing skills when hands-on experiences are limited. Providing instruction in cooperative learning could improve course outcomes. DesignA quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test assessments. MethodsThird-year nursing students enrolled in an 18-week paediatric simulation-based nursing course were purposively recruited (N = 110). One class (n = 55) received a researcher-developed cooperative learning program, which encouraged student support during class activities and simulations. The second class (control) received usual class instruction and simulations. The efficacy of the intervention was assessed by comparing mean scores at class enrolment (pre-test) and completion (post-test) for self-perceived problem-solving attitude, cooperative learning experience and knowledge of paediatric nursing. Paired t-tests compared pre-test with post-test scores for the two groups. ANCOVA examined differences in mean scores between groups. Correlations between differences in mean pre-test and post-test subscale scores for problem-solving attitude and cooperative learning experience were also examined. ResultsThere was no significant difference in age or gender between groups. Mean post-test scores on the final exam were significantly higher for students who received the intervention (85.26, 95 % CI 84.19, 86.33) compared with controls (83.61, 95 % CI 82.52, 84.69; F = 4.63, p = 0.034). There were no significant differences in total scores for problem-solving attitude or cooperative learning experience or between groups. For the intervention group, two problem solving subscales were correlated with two cooperative learning subscales: problem solving confidence with learning motivation, respectively (r = 0.302, p = 0.025) and personal control with classroom learning, respectively (r = 0.389, p = 0.003). For the control group, approach-avoidance problem solving was negatively correlated with cooperative learning efficacy (r = −0.343, p = 0.01). ConclusionsCompared with the control group, nursing students who received the cooperative learning intervention had higher scores for knowledge of paediatric nursing, as well as learning motivation and attitude and problem-solving confidence, suggesting that the researcher-designed intervention facilitated simulation-based learning as well as confidence in problem-solving. Nurse educators could easily integrate the intervention into simulation-based paediatric nursing courses to enhance students' problem-solving abilities.

Impact of Mental Health Literacy on Mental Health and Renal Function in Dialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: This article aims to assess Mental Health Literacy (MHL) in dialysis patients and examine their impact on anxiety, depression and physical health. Material and Method: The study was conducted in the Hemodialysis Unit of Karaman Training and Research Hospital between March and June 2024. A total of 87 patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate were included in the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured sociodemographic form, Mental Health Literacy Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Biochemical parameters were obtained from electronic patient records. Results: The frequency of depression was 45%. There was no significant difference in MHL points among individuals with and without depression. Furthermore, no correlation was found between MHL and duration of disease or dialysis. A significant relationship was found between Total and Resource subscale scores of MHL and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Conclusion: The frequency of depression was higher in dialysis patients than in the general population. Albeit no significant difference in MHL was observed between patients diagnosed with depression and those without, the significant relationship between MHL and eGFR suggests that interventions to increase MHL may have positive effects on disease progression.

Correlation of Diabetes self-care adherence with glycemic measures: a cross-sectional health facility-based study in Kathmandu, Nepal

Self-care plays a key role in prevention of complications, and improvement of the quality of life of persons with diabetes (PWDs). This study has assessed adherence to self-care behavior and its correlation with glycemic measures among PWDs attending private health care facilities in Kathmandu, Nepal. A cross-sectional study was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic information and recent fasting (FBG) and 2-hr post-prandial blood glucose (2-hr PBG) levels were recorded. Self-care inventory (SCI) 12-item version was used to assess adherence to diabetes self-care over the preceding four weeks. Self-care practice was measured in five domains: glucose monitoring; diabetes medication; diet; exercise; and preventative care. The overall adherence score was obtained by computing the average of seven items (items 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14). Scores more than or equal to median score were considered as higher levels of self-care efficacy. Univariate linear regression analysis of the subscale scores and individual item-wise score with age, duration of diabetes (years), FBG and PPBG levels was carried out. Pearson’s coefficient (r) was reported for normally distributed variables. Among 385 PWDs, mean FBG was 146 mg/dl (±54.7), 2-hr PBG was 210 mg/dl (±82). Median score for overall adherence to diabetes self-care was 25 (IQR:21 to 29). Higher self-care efficacy was seen among 55% (n=212). Overall adherence to self-care was significantly and negatively correlated with age and glycemic measures. Self-care efficacy was mainly driven by adherence to diabetes medication. Adherence to preventative care, exercise and home monitoring of blood glucose was low. FBG was significantly and negatively correlated with glucose regulation (r=-0.16, P=0.001), diabetes medication and food regulation (r=-0.11, P=0.03), preventative care (-0.14, P=0.03) and overall adherence to treatment (-0.15, P=0.004). 2-hr PBG was significantly and negatively associated with all domains of self-care (r -0.14, P=0.04 to -0.21, P&lt;0.0001). Elderly persons, may face difficulty with regular physical exercise, dietary recommendations and overall adherence to self-care. Continuing diabetes education is imperative to motivate PWDs and caregivers regarding importance of self-care efficacy in glycemic regulation and diabetes care.

Patient satisfaction with endoscopic ear surgery technique: a comparative study with the postauricular incision microscopic technique

BackgroundEndoscopic ear surgery has numerous benefits, such as the capacity to obtain high-resolution pictures and visualize normally inaccessible locations such as the retrotympanum, sinus tympani, and facial recess. These areas are generally difficult to access with traditional microscopic techniques. Endoscopic ear surgery reduces operating time when performed by skilled surgeons, without the need for a postauricular incision wound.An essential aspect to consider when evaluating the effects of any procedure on individual satisfaction is the assessment of health-associated quality of life. It is a tool used for subjective assessment, which is regarded as a reliable measure of the satisfaction perceived—whether physically or mentally—resulting from a certain procedure.The goal of this study was to identify the benefits of middle ear surgery when done endoscopically compared to postauricular microscopic techniques in middle ear surgery. This was achieved by evaluating and comparing the level of satisfaction among patients who underwent either microscopic or endoscopic ear surgery.MethodsThe Chronic Ear Surgery Survey (CESS), a 13-point Likert scale survey designed specifically for assessing outcomes of surgery for chronic middle ear disease, was implemented to measure patient satisfaction. The survey comprises three subscales. We performed a retrospective study at the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Cairo University, Egypt. The study encompassed individuals who underwent surgery on the middle ear between March 2018 and September 2021.The patients were scheduled into two categories according to the technique of surgery (whether endoscopic or microscopic) in order to assess postoperative satisfaction using the Chronic Ear Surgery Survey (CESS).ResultsOur research findings demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the two categories in terms of the overall scores and all subscale scores of the Chronic Ear Surgery Survey (CESS), with patients who had middle ear surgery endoscopically (EES) showing better outcomes.ConclusionsIdentifying the elements that are strongly associated with subjective outcomes can assist surgeons in identifying patients who are more likely to have poorer satisfaction. This knowledge can be valuable in preoperative counseling. Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) seems to have a higher level of cosmetic acceptability, especially in terms of enhancing the socially related aspects of a patient's pleasure. This work thus supports the ongoing integration of endoscope utilization in otological surgical procedures.

Abstract C013: Racial disparities in Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) during early stage breast cancer chemotherapy: Associations with symptoms and the ability to receive dose-intensive chemotherapy

Abstract Purpose: Documented racial disparities exist in the dose intensity of early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) chemotherapy, partly due to chemotherapy symptom toxicity and subsequent dose modifications. Effective communication is crucial for early symptom mitigation. We explored the associations between racial differences in patient-clinician communication, symptom experience, and the ability to receive the full dose of ESBC chemotherapy. Methods - A descriptive, correlational design compared clinician communication, symptoms, and the ability to obtain dose-intensive ESBC chemotherapy by race. Multi-site - large, urban breast cancer outpatient clinics. Patients completed the 18-item Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) and 13-item Symptom Distress Scale (SDS) at baseline and each chemotherapy visit. The IPC assesses clarity of communication, elicitation of concerns, explaining results, shared decision-making, compassion, discrimination due to race/ethnicity, and disrespectful office staff. Mean scores for IPC and SDS were calculated for each visit, and average scores across all visits were created for each participant; chemotherapy dose intensity - Receiving 85% or more of the prescribed chemotherapy within the projected timeline, dichotomized to yes or no—Analysis - IBM® SPSS®, version 27. Descriptive statistics were generated for raw data. Pearson’s correlations were used to examine bivariate associations and univariate and multivariate logistic or linear regression models to explore associations further. Results – N = 216 women, 37% - Black and 63% - White. The mean age was 52.99 ± 12.31 years. IPC - Black patients reported significantly higher (worse) IPC scores for "lack of clarity," "discrimination," and "disrespectful office staff" compared to White patients (all ps ≤ 0.01). Associations of SDS and IPC - Patients with higher IPC subscale scores for "lack of clarity," "discrimination," and "disrespectful office staff," and lower scores for "compassion and respect" experienced significantly higher levels of symptom distress (all ps &amp;lt; 0.05). Associations between IPC and Dose Intensity - Patients reporting higher (worse) discrimination scores were less likely to receive 85% of the prescribed chemotherapy. The IPC "discrimination" subdomain score was significantly associated with chemotherapy dose intensity (χ2(1)=6.910, p=0.009). Each one-unit increase in perceived "discrimination" subdomain score increased the likelihood of not receiving prescribed chemotherapy (B=0.985, OR=2.602, p=0.014) by approximately 160.2%. Conclusions - Black patients perceive poorer quality IPC than White patients during ESBC chemotherapy. Specific subdomains of IPC are associated with worse symptom distress and the inability to receive the full dose of ESBC chemotherapy, primarily driven by perceived discrimination. We must understand the relationship between race, communication, symptoms, and the ability to receive appropriate chemotherapy dose intensity. Citation Format: Margaret Q. Rosenzweig, Hiba Q. Abujaradeh. Racial disparities in Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) during early stage breast cancer chemotherapy: Associations with symptoms and the ability to receive dose-intensive chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C013.

JAK inhibitors inhibit angiogenesis by reducing VEGF production from rheumatoid arthritis-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

JAK/STAT signaling inhibition exerts therapeutic effects on angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether the inhibitory effect differs among JAK inhibitors because of differing selectivity is unknown. Therefore, we compared the inhibitory effects of tofacitinib, baricitinib, peficitinib, upadacitinib, and filgotinib on angiogenesis. RA-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were seeded on type I collagen gel, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were directly added. The control and aforementioned JAK inhibitors were added to the medium, followed by stimulation with interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). Each JAK inhibitor's concentration was determined based on estimated blood concentrations. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration was evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the medium from the first exchange. A migration assay was performed, and HUVEC migration was evaluated using CD31 fluorescence immunostaining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that compared with the non-JAKi treatment group, the JAKi treatment group markedly degenerated in the sub-lining and deep lining, with decreased lymphocyte infiltration and neovascularization [Rooney's score subscale, non-JAKi vs JAKi (median, 6.5 vs 2.5, p = 0.005)]. In vitro, IL-6 and sIL-6R administration increased VEGF production from RA-FLS and promoted neovascularization in HUVECs, and JAK-inhibitor administration, which decreased VEGF production from RA-FLS and suppressed HUVEC migration, inhibited neovascularization in RA-FLS and HUVEC co-cultures. The JAK inhibitors suppressed IL-6-induced angiogenesis via decreased VEGF production and HUVEC migration in RA-FLS and HUVEC co-cultures. No significant differences were observed among the JAK inhibitors, whose anti-angiogenic effect may be an important mechanism for RA treatment. Key Points • JAK inhibitors inhibit angiogenesis in RA by reducing VEGF production from RA-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes. • Our study provides new insights into RA treatment by elucidating the anti-angiogenic effect of JAK inhibitors.

Decreased levels of L‐selectin and platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 in children with autism spectrum disorder

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to ascertain the serum levels of selectins (E, L, P) and platelet‐endothelial adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1) in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to establish a comparison with the levels observed in healthy controls.MethodsThe study included 34 children aged 2–7 years diagnosed with ASD (ASD group) and 34 randomly selected healthy children matched for age and sex to the ASD group. The children were free of any genetic or physical disease, clinically active infection, or medication use. The sociodemographic data form was completed by all parents. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) were administered to the patient group, and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (AbBC) was completed by the families of all children. Serum selectin (E, L, P) and PECAM‐1 levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.ResultsThe results showed that the levels of both L‐selectin (p = 0.007) and PECAM‐1 (p = 0.019) were significantly lower in the ASD group than in the control group. No significant difference was observed between the groups concerning E‐selectin and P‐selectin levels (p &gt; 0.05). It was observed that P‐selectin variables were statistically significant in predicting the presence of ASD (p = 0.019). A remarkable inverse correlation was found between the AbBC irritability subscale score and L‐selectin (r = −0.296, p = 0.014) and PECAM‐1 (r = −0.276, p = 0. 023); the AbBC Lethargy‐Social Withdrawal subscale score and E‐Selectin (r = −0.239, p = 0.049), L‐Selectin (r = −0.297, p = 0.014) and PECAM‐1 (r = −0.264, p = 0.029); L‐Selectin levels and the AbBC stereotypic behavior subscale (r = −0.248, p = 0.042). No statistically significant relationship was observed between selectins (E, L, P) and PECAM‐1 levels and CARS scale, ABC subscale or total scores and age variables (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsThese study results suggest that L‐selectin, P‐selectin and PECAM‐1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of ASD.

Exploring the reliability and validity of clinically-relevant outcome measures for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

To explore the reliability and validity of clinically-relevant outcome measures for balance (i.e., The Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] - Balance Subscale) and sensation (i.e., monofilament threshold testing) for use in clinical trials of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Adult, post-treatment cancer survivors (N = 142) who had reported ≥ 4/10 CIPN symptom severity following neurotoxic chemotherapy were recruited from six National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) sites associated with the University of Rochester Cancer Center NCORP Research Base. Participants completed the monofilament threshold test at the screening and baseline time points (i.e., one week apart), while the Quality of Life Questionnaire-CIPN20, Treatment-Induced Neuropathy Assessment Scale, and SPPB - Balance Subscale were completed at baseline. Test-retest reliability of the monofilament threshold testing scores was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The convergent validity among monofilament threshold testing, SPPB - Balance Subscale, and CIPN patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores at baseline was assessed using Spearman's correlation. Ceiling effects were observed for SPPB-Balance Subscale scores as 113 (79.6%) respondents reported the highest score. Agreement between the screening and baseline monofilament threshold testing scores was moderate (ICC = 0.65). Monofilament threshold testing (rs Range: 0.14 - 0.21) and SPPB Balance Subscale scores (rs Range: -0.36 - -0.22) showed largely low correlations with all PRO measures. Monofilament threshold testing demonstrated moderate test-retest reliability, but low convergent validity with CIPN PROs, while the SPPB - Balance Subscale demonstrated low convergent validity with CIPN PROs and ceiling effects (i.e., highest possible score) among post-treatment cancer survivors with CIPN. Future research is needed to identify promising measures of balance and sensation loss for use in clinical trials that complement CIPN PROs to aid in the identification of clinically relevant treatments for CIPN. NCT04367490 [April 29, 2020].

Reliability and validity of a Hindi version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EDENT-H) for edentulous subjects: A Cross-Sectional study

AimThe study aimed to translate the OHIP-EDENT into Hindi and assess its validity and reliability. MethodsThe study included 150 participants whose demographic information was collected using the Modified Kuppuswamy Socio-economic Scale. The Oral Health Impact Profile in Edentulous (OHIP-EDENT) was translated into Hindi using the standard forward-backward method. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett's test of sphericity coefficient were used to conduct Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and confirm the Construct validity. To establish Convergent validity, the relationship between the global question and the OHIP-EDENT-H subscale scores was observed. ResultsThe data was analyzed with a confidence level of 95 %, and statistical significance was interpreted as a p-value of less than 0.05. The Cronbach's alpha score for OHIP-EDENT-H was 1.00, indicating high internal consistency. The corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.665 to 0.923, and the total ICC score was 0.763, demonstrating good reliability. The subscales' intra-class correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.968 to 0.997, indicating high reliability. However, items 4, 6, 13, 17, 18, and 19 had factor loadings below the acceptable threshold of 0.40 in the factor analysis. Additionally, the total and subscale scores of the OHIP-EDENT-H showed significant correlations with global question, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.665 to 0.923. ConclusionThe Hindi version of OHIP-EDENT is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating the OHRQoL of Hindi-speaking edentulous individuals.