Sub-district Level Research Articles

Assessment and Planning Green Open Spaces for Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study in Kota Kisaran Timur, Asahan Regency, Indonesia

The provision of Green Open Space (GOS) in Kota Kisaran Timur, located in Asahan Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, falls critically below national standards. In 2023, only 81.46 hectares of GOS were recorded, reflecting minimal growth from 71.58 hectares in 2013, while rapid urbanization significantly increased built-up areas. This study assesses the current state of GOS in Kota Kisaran Timur, projects future requirements based on population growth, and identifies optimal locations for new GOS development using GIS-based spatial analysis. Results reveal that the subdistrict requires a minimum of 522.64 hectares of GOS to meet the national standard of 20% GOS coverage. By 2043, a projected population of 122,421 will necessitate 244,842 m² of public GOS, yet only two villages—Selawan and Siumbut Baru—currently meet these needs. Among the subdistrict’s villages, Mutiara Village emerges as the most suitable site for new park development due to its extensive vacant land and ability to serve the largest population. This research provides a strategic framework for addressing GOS deficits at the subdistrict level and offers actionable insights for policymakers to ensure sustainable and equitable urban development.

Assessing and mapping the vulnerability index of Bangladesh to natural and climate-induced disasters: A spatial analysis at the subdistrict level

This study assesses and maps the vulnerability index of Bangladesh at the subdistrict level to a range of natural and climate-induced disasters. Four vulnerability index maps are created using principal component analysis and categorized into five risk levels: (1) no/very low risk, (2) low risk, (3) moderate risk, (4) high risk and (5) very high risk for each sub-district. The results reveal that the south east region is highly vulnerable to cyclones, Haor region stands out as the most vulnerable area for flash floods, with numerous subdistricts facing very high to high risk levels; northern and north-eastern regions are prone to cold waves, while the western part of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to heat waves. This comprehensive spatial analysis provides critical information for disaster risk reduction and adaptation strategies, assisting decision-makers in identifying the most vulnerable areas and prioritizing interventions. The findings of this study might be useful for policymakers as well as planners.

Origin-Destination Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Dockless Shared Bikes Based on Shopping Activities and Its Application in Urban Planning: The Case of Nanjing

The utilization of dockless shared bikes for shopping purposes has become increasingly prevalent. This research seeks to optimize the configuration of facilities and transportation policies for shared bike travel by analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns of shopping trips from the perspectives of destination (D), origin (O), and O-D correlation in Nanjing’s main city area. As the second-largest commercial center in East China, Nanjing offers a significant context for this research. First, we introduce the “cycling intensity” indicator to analyze the patterns of shared bicycle trips with shopping facilities as destinations at both the subdistrict and road section scales. Second, we utilize spatial autocorrelation analysis and k-means clustering to explore the outflow patterns of shared bicycle trips originating from shopping facilities. Finally, we employ grey correlation analysis to investigate the dynamic flow correlations of shared bicycle O-D trips around various grades of shopping facilities at both subdistrict and road section levels. Concurrently, we endeavored to delineate the practical transformation and application of the research findings. Our results indicate the following: (1) There is a high concentration of cycling intensity around shopping facilities on east–west and north–south roads, with community shopping facilities primarily associated with north–south roads. (2) The outflow of shared bikes from shopping areas can be categorized into four distinct modes. (3) The inflow and outflow of shopping trips exhibit significant synchronicity, particularly on the branch routes. These findings can provide valuable insights for zoning planning, construction of bicycle infrastructure, and formulation of sustainable urban transportation policies.

Impact of Green Space on Older Adults’ Quality of Life Based on Spatial and Non-Spatial Analyses

Outdoor green space is an important public resource supporting older adults’ active lifestyle and improving their quality of life (QoL). However, the impact of green space on older adults’ QoL has seldom been comprehensibly investigated in Asia. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the impact of green space on older adults’ QoL in China by conducting both spatial analysis and questionnaire surveys. A two-step floating catchment area method was applied to measure the spatial accessibility of green space to older adults at the subdistrict level. To investigate older adults’ actual opinions and verify spatial analysis results, a large-scale questionnaire survey was also conducted. Both ANOVA and logistic regression were adopted to analyze questionnaire survey data. The results indicated that (1) green space was not equally distributed; (2) the possibility of a good QoL for older adults was significantly influenced by accessibility, size, and facilities of green space; (3) the possibility of older adults’ satisfactory QoL would decrease with the increase in walking distances to green space and increase with their good self-care ability. These findings could provide insights for future planning to enhance the spatial distribution of green space and improve QoL for older adults.

ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGALAMAN KERJA, PENDIDIKAN SERTA KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA BADAN AD HOC DI BAWASLU DEMAK

This study aims to find out how much influence the factors of work experience, education and compensation on the performance of the Ad hoc Agency in Bawaslu Demak Regency, with the target being the Ad hoc committee at the sub-district level and the village/sub-district level in Demak Regency with a total of 294 people. This research uses a collaborative or combined method, which is combining qualitative methods with quantitative methods with the aim of obtaining more valid answers that will be able to explain the research problem.. From the results of the test, it can be concluded that all the variables studied have a positive effect on the performance of the Ad Hoc Body. There are several important notes that need to be paid attention to by the Demak Regency Bawaslu, that the lowest indicator states that actually the Ad hoc committee is of the opinion that the honorarium they receive needs to be increased. Then there is an indicator that has the greatest value, namely that all Ad hoc committees are of the opinion that training/technical guidance must be carried out frequently by the Demak Regency Bawaslu.

Inovasi Kebijakan Publik Melalui Aplikasi Terintegrasi

This research aims to analyze the implementation of public policies through integrated applications, with a case study on the Samarinda Integrated Application (SANTER). The SANTER application is part of the Samarinda City Government's initiative to realize the smart city concept, which aims to improve the efficiency of public services, strengthen transparency, and facilitate interaction between the government and the community. This study uses Edward III's theory of public policy implementation, which includes four main elements: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The analysis was conducted by collecting secondary data from annual reports, user satisfaction surveys, and news articles related to the implementation of the SANTER application. The results show that effective communication between the government, policy implementers, and the community is crucial to the success of this application. Adequate human resources and technology are also key factors, although there are still challenges in terms of limited resources at the sub-district and village levels. The disposition or attitude and commitment of public officials towards the SANTER application is very positive, as demonstrated by the full support of the mayor and heads of relevant agencies. An efficient bureaucratic structure and good coordination between agencies also played an important role in the implementation of this application.

Optimizing the survey design for assessing schistosomiasis at the sub-district for treatment decision making

BackgroundSchistosomiasis control programs typically launch with district-level, school-based preventive chemotherapy (PC). Recent World Health Organization recommendations are to shift to community-wide treatment where schistosomiasis prevalence is >10%. Simultaneously there is a push to move to sub-district PC to prioritize communities in need of treatment and alleviate the pressure on global praziquantel need, but few countries have sub-district prevalence data and no guidelines on how to collect this information. Methods/Principal findingsData collected from 57,161 school-aged children (SAC) across six countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo) to generate spatially realistic gold standard datasets that were used to evaluate different numbers of schools per sub-district (1-10) and district (5–30), number of SAC sampled per school (10–50), on accuracy of prevalence estimates. Sampling fewer children in more schools maximized accuracy of prevalence at the sub-district and district level. Surveying three schools per sub-district or 15 schools per district gave precise prevalence estimates. Increasing the number of SAC beyond 30 per school led to negligible improvements in reliably detecting schistosomiasis. Failure to detect schistosomiasis occurred more frequently in low (1–10%) prevalence and larger districts/sub-districts. ConclusionThis study provides guidelines for evaluating sub-district schistosomiasis in a range of transmission settings. Among two-stage cluster surveys for schistosomiasis, our simulations show surveying three schools per sub-district and 20-30 SAC per school optimized cost-efficiency and minimized risk of mistreatment. Population size and endemicity influenced survey estimates, with the probability of misclassification being greater as populations increased or prevalence decreased.

Adopting sustainable innovations for remote access to TB and HIV care in South Africa.

For the last decade, South Africa has made substantial progress to control the dual HIV and TB epidemics. However, disruptions in TB and HIV treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic threatened to reverse this. This study aimed to identify adaptations in HIV and TB service delivery models in response to COVID-19 and government restrictions. This information informed the development of an online survey, which was utilized as part of a consultation exercise to further capture adaptations made to HIV/TB service delivery within the South African context. The literature review involved screening 380 titles and abstracts, identifying 30 HIV and TB studies across 19 countries, and categorizing 90 individual interventions into ten thematic areas. Common themes included interventions addressing screening, testing, diagnosis, medication collection and delivery support, and virtual models. Digital health interventions and adaptations to medication collection/delivery were reported in 38% of studies. Analysis of survey responses from 33 stakeholders in South Africa revealed that 47% of interventions targeted HIV, 11% TB, and 23% HIV/TB integrated service delivery. Most interventions (81%) were integrated into the national HIV or TB program, with implementation occurring at various levels: 39% at facility level, 35% at sub-district or district level, and 18% at provincial level. Programmatic data was available for 86% of interventions, with 50% being funded. This study demonstrated that services can be delivered in locations other than in health facilities (e.g., community-based or home-based) and that integrated services can also free up additional resources. Although studies varied, COVID-19 accelerated the adoption of differentiated service delivery (DSD) models for TB care, including multi-month dispensing (MMD) for TB preventative therapy (TPT) and TB treatment, home-based or mobile outreach screening and testing, and community pickup points (PuP) for TB medications. These initiatives had previously lagged behind HIV-focused DSD models, and it is crucial to sustain these services beyond the pandemic. To achieve universal health coverage, it will also be important to capitalize on these experiences and learn from HIV-focused DSD models so programs can deliver integrated person-centered chronic care services for TB, HIV, and non-communicable diseases.

Evaluasi Program IKD (Identitas Kependudukan Digital) Dalam Mendukung Sistem Government di Kecamatan Kenjeran Kota Surabaya

In population administration public services, the government is now adopting e-government-based innovations such as Digital Population Identity (IKD) which includes digitization of population documents including E-KTP. Through the activation of IKD, residents can access their personal data in electronic form, utilize in formation and communication technology, increase the use of digitization, accelerate digital public or private services, and ensure the security of IKD ownership. The implementation of IKD is led by the Director General of Population Administration with the assistance of local governments at various levels, for example Surabaya City where the Dispendukcapil works with the government at the Kenjeran Sub-district level. The evaluation of the IKD program in Kenjeran sub- district followed the steps of Isaac and Michael's 1984 program evaluation theory, from formulating questions and information needs, to presenting data to decision makers. The research was conducted in a descriptive qualitative man nearby utilizing interviews, observation, and documentation as primary and secondary data collection techniques. The results of the analysis show that Kenjeran Sub-district has succeeded in carrying out its duties effectively, but needs to increase socialization and education to the community so that the implementation of Digital Population Identity can run smoothly and provide maximum benefits to the community. Keywords: E-Government, Evaluation, Digital Residence Identity.

Pelatihan : warga peduli aids tingkat kelurahan kota Ternate

The community is the front guard in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS cases. To mobilize community participation in prevention efforts, it is important to provide correct understanding, such as through training. Through the formation of WPA at the sub-district level, this community service aims to empower the community. This WPA functions as a forum for the community to raise awareness that comes from desires or needs without being forced by the community itself, so that the community can contribute significantly to the HIV/AIDS problem in the sub-district environment. The activity was carried out for three days, with a total of 40 participants representing community leaders, health cadres, and the PKK. The methods and forms of activities used are active participation approaches, presentations, and questions and answers. As a result, participants understand their duties and responsibilities in efforts to prevent and control HIV/AIDS by prioritizing community involvement.

Effectiveness of local health constitutions in surveillance the pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 in rural community of Thailand

This qualitative research aimed to study the effectiveness of the local health constitution in controlling the spread of COVID-19. It reports the role of local communities, government agencies, and healthcare providers in implementing and enforcing local health constitutions and how their engagement can be improved to enhance surveillance. We also reported factors that influence compliance and strategies for improving compliance. We also evaluated the long-term sustainability of local health institutions beyond the pandemic. The population and sample group consisted of key members of the local health constitution teams at the provincial, sub-district, and village levels in the rural area of Ubon Ratchathani. Participants were purposively selected and volunteered to provide information. It included health science professionals, public health volunteers, community leaders, and local government officials, totaling 157 individuals. The study was conducted from December 2022 to September 2023. Our research shows that local health constitutions can better engage and educate communities to actively participate in pandemic surveillance and prevention. This approach is a learning experience for responding to emergencies, such as new infectious diseases that may arise in the future. This simplifies the work of officials, as everyone understands the guidelines for action. Relevant organizations contribute to disease prevention efforts, and there is sustainable improvement in work operations.

Tuberculosis in Aceh Province, Indonesia: a spatial epidemiological study covering the period 2019-2021.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were any TB clusters in Aceh Province, Indonesia and their temporal distribution during the period of 2019-2021. A spatial geo-reference was conducted to 290 sub-districts coordinates by geocoding each sub-district's offices. By using SaTScan TM v9.4.4, a retrospective space-time scan statistics analysis based on population data and annual TB incidence was carried out. To determine the regions at high risk of TB, data from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021 were evaluated using the Poisson model. The likelihood ratio (LLR) value was utilized to locate the TB clusters based on a total of 999 permutations were performed. A Moran's I analysis (using GeoDa) was chosen for a study of both local and global spatial autocorrelation. The threshold for significance was fixed at 0.05. At the sub-district level, the spatial distribution of TB in Aceh Province from 2019-2021 showed 19 clusters (three most likely and 16 secondary ones), and there was a spatial autocorrelation of TB. The findings can be used to provide thorough knowledge on the spatial pattern of TB occurrence, which is important for designing effective TB interventions.

Spatial econometric analysis of the digital divide in Thailand at the sub-district level: Patterns and determinants

This study explores spatial patterns of the digital divide and its determinants at the sub-district level in Thailand, uncovering nuanced patterns often overlooked in the in prior literature. To our knowledge, no studies in the digital divide field have offered such detailed estimations. Based on the Spatially Aware Technology Utilization Model, we constructed a conceptual model tailored to the digital divide's geospatial context in Thailand. Using a spatial econometric approach, we analyzed the 2021 data set on basic household necessities provided by Thailand's Community Development Department. The results show a positive spatial autocorrelation of the household internet access divide (HIAD) across Thailand's sub-districts. This spatial clustering tended to be high–high in the sub-districts located in the northeastern and northern regions, with low–low agglomerations in the central region of Thailand. In addition, the spatial econometric analysis results indicated that the HIAD may be influenced by various factors including demographic, economic, educational, government ICT prioritization, social capital, transportation, and disaster-related variables. This study provides both theoretical and policy implications to enrich geographic knowledge of the digital divide, specifically in the context of developing countries.

Toddlers Family Assistance Model: As An Effort To Stunting Prevention Education In Kuantan Singingi District, Indonesia

This research aims to find out what the toddlers family assistance model is as an effort to stunting prevention education in Kuantan Singingi Regency. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that family assistance starts with careful planning and coordination with various related parties, implementing and preparing target data for toddlers, collecting data on families of toddlers at risk of stunting, sorting data on babies at risk of stunting until the evaluation carries out recording and reporting to the top level. Family assistance model starts from the Stunting Reduction Acceleration Team (TPPS) at the central level, namely the BKKBN, down to the provincial level, namely representatives of the provincial BKKBN, then at the Regency/City level, namely the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD) in the field of Regency or City Population Control, at the sub-district level, namely the Family Planning Counseling Center ( KB), village or sub-district level and the Family Assistance Team (TPK) as field agents directly provide assistance to toddlers and toddlers at risk of stunting, in addition to facilitating referrals and social assistance. Based on data, the stunting rate is decreasing from 2019-2023 in Kuantan Singingi Regency.

Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Beli Omset Penjualan Melalui Sertifikasi Halal Di Kecamatan Tirtoyudo

Indonesia's economic growth is significantly assisted by micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM). However, many UMKM in the Tirtoyudo sub-district area are not aware of the importance of product certification. To make business owners aware of the importance of product certification, extensive socialization is needed. As a country with a majority Muslim population, halal certification has a significant impact on consumer interest in a product. This is the motivation behind our devotional research, which aims to educate consumers on the importance of halal certification for food or cosmetics. In addition, so that business owners are aware and understand that managing halal certification is simple and only requires KUA to achieve sub-district level management. The product must be able to compete in the market and broaden its reach in order to generate more revenue.

Marketing Information System for Maize Commodities in Soppeng Regency to Increase Agricultural Productivity and National Food Security

Maize in Soppeng Regency is a strategic commodity and has bright marketing prospects. Therefore, efforts to increase maize production need to receive great attention, because with sufficient availability, maize is one of the main food needs in the world after rice. It is expected that the community's need for maize can be met and the selling price remains stable. This research aims to increase the productivity of corn commodity marketing in Soppeng Regency based on the application of online marketing information systems, so that the market world can be wider and make it easier for farmers to sell their corn commodity products and become corn crop production centers, in order to increase the productivity of food crops, especially in Soppeng Regency. This study uses preliminary data on corn production from villages and sub-districts sourced from the Office of Food Crops, Horticulture, Plantations, and Food Security of Soppeng Regency which consists of 49 villages, 21 sub-districts and 8 sub-districts. The system development method uses the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) system development technique, the application of this method starts from the field condition analysis stage, the system design stage, the system creation stage, the system testing stage, the system usage stage in the field. In addition, to meet the sustainability of the program, technical guidance on the use of the system will be provided to each user at the sub-district level. The results of this research are in the form of using an online-based corn commodity marketing information system

The Influence of Performance Effectiveness, Procedural Justice and Social Capital on Public Trust In The Police In The Central Jakarta Metro Police Jurisdiction

Public trust in the police is a problematic issue for modern police everywhere, including in Indonesia. The police agency needs a high level of trust to be able to carry out its duties and functions as the person in charge of social order and law in society. This study intends to examine the influence of performance effectiveness, procedural justice and social capital on public trust in the police in Central Jakarta. The survey was conducted to 400 respondents using the cluster purposive random sampling method at the sub-district level. The results showed that the performance effectiveness variable had a significant effect (0.275), the procedural justice variable had no significant effect, and the social capital variable had a significant effect (0.133).

Root Cause Analysis of Increased Referral Rates in a Sub-district Hospital, Tamil Nadu: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background Sub-district hospitals in Tamil Nadu are critical in providing essential healthcare services, but they face significant challenges that can lead to increased patient referrals to higher-level facilities. High referral rates can overburden tertiary care centers, delay specialized treatment, and affect patient outcomes. This study aims to identify the root causes of increased referral rates in a sub-district hospital and implement targeted interventions to reduce unnecessary referrals. Methods A descriptive study was conducted at Sriperumbudur sub-district hospital in Tamil Nadu from May to August 2023. The study utilized a root cause analysis (RCA) approach, incorporating qualitative data from brainstorming sessions with healthcare providers and administrative staff, and quantitative data from hospital records on referral rates. A fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram was employed to map causal factors, and Pareto and bar charts were used to analyze and present referral trends. Interventions were implemented using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle. Results The analysis identified several key factors contributing to high referral rates, including inadequate diagnostic services, insufficient staffing, and lack of essential resources such as CT scans and blood components. Following targeted interventions, referral rates decreased significantly from 101 cases in May-June 2023 to 52 cases in July-August 2023 highlighting a reduction of over 48%. The most notable reductions were seen in referrals for road traffic accidents with head injury (38.7%) reduction, chronic kidney disease (CKD)/hypertension (HT)/diabetes mellitus (DM) (46.2%) reduction, and crush injuries (45.5%) reduction. Conclusions The RCA revealed systemic issues that were contributing to increased referral rates at the sub-district hospital. Implementing targeted interventions based on the RCA findings led to a significant reduction in referrals, improving patient care at the local level and alleviating the burden on tertiary care centers. This study underscores the importance of continuous quality improvement initiatives in strengthening healthcare delivery at the sub-district level.

Structure of Social Forestry Service Area in Cenrana District, Maros Regency

Abstract Damaged road access, absence of markets in some villages, and lack of access to technology are challenges for forest communities in the Cenrana District. Optimising service centres in social forestry (SF) locations can support social forestry activities. Based on scalogram and gravity analysis, the structure of social forestry areas in the Cenrana Sub-district shows Limampoccoe Village as the sub-district level service centre, providing warehousing, commodity distribution, quality control, and packaging and branding services. Labuaja Sub-Village (Laiya Village), Malaka Sub-Village (Cenrana Baru Village), Bululohe Sub-Village (Rompegading Village), and Nahung Sub-Village (Labuaja Village) serve as commodity auction market locations, local trials, counselling, honey cultivation facilities, and processing technology for derivative products such as aren palm, candlenut, porang, and coffee. Road infrastructure and tourist attraction signposts are in Malaka Hamlet (Cenrana Baru Village). Conflicts in Labuaja Village require conflict resolution in social forestry management.

Evaluating Samarinda City's Sub-district Digitalization Policy for Enhanced Public Services

General Background: The rapid advancement of digital technology has significantly impacted public service delivery, with governments worldwide exploring digital transformation to enhance administrative efficiency and public engagement. Specific Background: In Samarinda City, the implementation of a digitalization trial program in sub-districts has been undertaken to address the existing dissatisfaction among the public with conventional public services. Knowledge Gap: While digitalization is presumed to improve service efficiency and accessibility, empirical evidence on its effectiveness, particularly at the sub-district level, remains sparse. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the policy of the digitalization trial program in Samarinda City's sub-districts, focusing on its capacity to improve service quality and its broader impacts on public administration. Results: The findings reveal significant enhancements in service efficiency and user satisfaction, marked by a decrease in physical visits to sub-district offices as residents increasingly access services online. Novelty: This research contributes to the understanding of digital transformation at a micro-administrative level, a less explored area in digital governance studies. Implications: The successful implementation of the digitalization program in Samarinda City suggests potential scalability to other regions, highlighting the importance of strategic planning and continuous training to realize the benefits of digital governance fully. Highlights: Efficiency Gains: Reduced physical visits signify increased service efficiency. User Satisfaction: Digital services improved accessibility and speed, enhancing satisfaction. Scalability: The program's success highlights its potential for broader application, requiring strategic planning and continuous training. Keywords: E-Government, Digitalization Program Policy, Community Services