Sub-district Level Research Articles

Histopathological and risk factor analyses of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer in a proactive screening in northeastern Thailand

BackgroundLip and oral cavity cancer has been reported as the 10th most common cancer in Thailand. Recently, a screening program for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer was conducted in the northeastern Thailand which took into consideration a total of 371,911 people who resided in the provinces of Buriram, Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, and Surin.MethodsA total of 330,914 subjects were consecutively screened for risk factors of oral cancer by village health volunteers (VHVs) using a questionnaire (S1). Then, 186,710 subjects with one or more risk factors for oral cancer were referred for oral screening by dental auxiliaries or dentists at sub-district level hospitals (S2) where 86,941 subjects were subsequently screened. Afterwards, 1576 subjects with suspicious oral lesions for OPMDs or oral cancer attended local hospitals for further investigation and treatment. Oral medicine specialists, oral surgeons, and local dentists at the district level hospitals performed biopsies and the samples were sent for histopathological analysis. The objectives of the study were to report the histopathology findings from the biopsies obtained from these subjects and the associated risk factors.ResultsOut of 427 subjects who received biopsies, complete diagnostic results were obtained from 409 patients (462 specimens). The 5 most common histopathological results from these specimens were mild epithelial dysplasia (27.3%), fibroepithelial hyperplasia (14.5%), oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid reactions (11.5%), moderate epithelial dysplasia (8%), and acanthosis with or without hyperkeratosis (5%). Oral squamous cell carcinoma was detected in 14 subjects and 11 other forms of oral cancer were revealed. Among the analyzed risk factors, habitual betel quid chewing was established as a statistically significant risk factor associated with OPMDs and oral cancer.ConclusionThe most frequently observed histopathological results of clinically suspected oral cancer and OPMDs included mild epithelial dysplasia, fibroepithelial hyperplasia, oral lichen planus/oral lichenoid reactions, moderate epithelial dysplasia, and acanthosis with or without hyperkeratosis. Betel quid chewing habit was found to be associated with OPMDs and oral cancer.

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PRINCIPAL MANAGEMENT ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF SD NEGERI 1 PANDOWAN KAPANEWON OF GALUR

The lack of maximum environmental management and low academic and non-academic achievement are real impacts that occurred at SD Negeri 1 Pandowan due to the implementation of environmental-based school management. This study aims to describe how the principal’s management of environmentally sound improves the quality of education at SD Negeri 1 Pandowan. This research method is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This study resulted in the management of environmentally sound principals implemented at SD Negeri 1 Pandowan having a positive impact on improving school quality, indicated by increasing academic scores and increasing school rankings on USBN activities at the sub-district level for several years. Meanwhile, non-academic scores have been shown by the championships at the kapanewon and district levels. The impact of implementing environmentally sound principal management for teachers/schools is increased relation and cooperation among school residents, community, teacher’s creativity in learning, and leading to a school environment that becomes clean, beautiful, cool, no flood, the achievement of championship and contest in regional and sub-district level. In addition, the community’s trust in a local school is increased, which is seen from parents’ interest in sending their children to SD Negeri 1 Pandowan. Also, material and non-material aids are inclined as well as among stakeholders build harmonious relations.

STUDY OF READINESS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED STUNTING REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS IN KLOJEN DISTRICT, MALANG CITY

be implemented by all policymakers. One of the strategic issues in accelerating stunting reduction in Indonesia is strengthening and increasing institutional capacity in reducing stunting. It is necessary to maintain regulations to ensure the implementation of stunting prevention and control efforts in the regions, and increase knowledge, and community participation. Objective: This study aims to determine the readiness to implement an integrated stunting reduction intervention through the DESA EMAS program at the stunting locus in Klojen District. Research method: This study uses a descriptive study method which was carried out in September – October 2022. The target of the study is regional apparatus organizations at the sub-district level at three stunting in Klojen District. Data collecting in the form of interviews with guided questions related to commitment, supporting factors, inhibiting factors, and sub-district programs. Data analysis was done descriptively in the form of textual. Results: The readiness to implement an integrated stunting reduction intervention through Desa Emas Program can be seen from the commitment of the three loci to stunting handling, cross-sectoral collaboration, and the availability of human resources capable of making three program (DASHAT, Budikdamber and urban farming). Commitment to human resources through the involvement of sub-district officials, sub-district health workers, assistant staff for stunting activities, health development cadres, POSYANDU cadres, and PAUD teachers. Conclusion: The three sub-districts in Klojen District have made efforts to implement stunting management commitments through available resources and limited funding.
 Keywords: stunting, commitment, Klojen District, Malang City

1883. Epidemiological investigation of the COVID-19 outbreak in Vellore district in South India using Geographic Information Surveillance (GIS)

Abstract Background Geographical Information Surveillance (GIS) is an advanced digital technology tool that maps location-based data and helps in epidemiological modeling. During pandemics a rapid analysis of patterns of spread can help put in place strategies for containment and infection control. We applied GIS to analyze patterns of spread and hotspots of COVID-19 infected cases in Vellore district in Tamil Nadu, South India. Methods Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from Vellore district and neighboring taluks from March 2020 to June 2021 were geo coded (based on addresses) and spatial maps generated. These were then layered as points on the base map to illustrate the distribution of all COVID-19 cases. Time trends exploring urban-rural burden with age-sex distribution of COVID-19 cases and other variables were correlated with outcomes of death, symptoms and complications. Map of undivided Vellore district showing rural and urban settlements. Results A total of 45,401 cases of COVID-19 were detected between 28 March 2020 to 31 June 2021 with 20730 cases during the first wave (28 March 2020 to 31 March 2021) and 24671 cases during the second wave (1 April 2021 to 30 June 2021). The overall incidence rates of COVID-19 across the study region was 462.8 per 100,000 and 588.6 per 100,000 population during the first and second waves respectively. Pattern of spread revealed epicentres in densely populated urban areas with radial spread, sparing rural areas, Heat maps also confirmed higher densities at these epicentres, however, the second wave had more peri-urban and rural area involvement. Case fatality rate was 1.89% and 1.6% during the first and second waves and increased with advancing age, i.e., 7.38% were aged more than 60 years in the first wave and 5.02% in the second wave. Incidence was higher in men, 2.40%, and 1.76% as compared to women who had 1.16% and 1.38% in the first and second waves respectively. Overall, case fatality rates were the highest among those who had >2 comorbidities (9.52%). Subdistrict level incidence of COVID-19 during the first and second waves. Epidemic curve of the COVID-19 pandemic during the first and the second waves. Conclusion Modern surveillance systems like GIS can accurately predict the trends of the outbreak and pattern of spread during future respiratory pandemics. Employing this in real time can help design risk mitigation strategies improving health care access and monitoring with prevention of spread to rural areas. Disclosures Priscilla Rupali, MD, DTM&H, PFIZER: Grant/Research Support|PFIZER: Grant/Research Support.

Analysis of Agricultural Explanation Centers in the Implementation of the Agricultural Development Strategy Command Program (Konstratani)

Konstratani (Farmers Strategic Command) is a sub-district agricultural development reform movement, through optimizing the tasks, functions and roles of the Agricultural Extension Center in realizing the success of agricultural development. This research is to analyze the constraint program. The research was conducted at the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) in Fifty Cities District, West Sumatra. The research method that will be used is a survey. The results of the study prove that socialization of the Konstratani Program to extension workers, mayors and related agencies was 73%,b. Information Technology training Activities and agricultural data/information management and program Report application training 66%, implementation or monitoring of training and mentoring activities by 59%, the constraint program promoted by the government is still constrained, such as the absence of clear directions regarding the technical implementation of activities at the sub-district level. Konstratani still focuses on data collection, coordination or training through the Zoom meeting application because it has been facilitated by the internet and counseling media.

Sistem Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Peningkatan Kepuasan Masyarakat

Public Service is action or activity that can be offered by one party to another, which is basically intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. One of the government offices whose activities provide public services to the community is the district office. The research method is a qualitative research method which is arranged descriptively. The location of this research is in the District Office of Padang, Lumajang Regency. The subjects of this research are the staff in the service department. The types of research instruments are observation and interviews, and the latter is in the form of documentation during the observation and interviews. The results of the study show that the services provided are related with population administration and other services related with government at the sub-district level. The systems, mechanisms and procedures provided at the sub-district office are very adequate and good, they are given to all service users. The facilities and infrastructure provided at the sub-district office are very adequate and good, this is provided for service users in order to increase community satisfaction in the quality service.

Policy stakeholder perspectives on barriers and facilitators to launching a community-wide mass drug administration program for soil-transmitted helminths

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that soil-transmitted helminth (STH) transmission interruption may be feasible through community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA) that deworms community members of all ages. A change from school-based deworming to cMDA will require reconfiguring of STH programs in endemic countries. We conducted formative qualitative research in Benin, India, and Malawi to identify barriers and facilitators to successfully launching a cMDA program from the policy-stakeholder perspective.MethodsWe conducted 40 key informant interviews with policy stakeholders identified as critical change agents at national, state/district, and sub-district levels. Participants included World Health Organization country office staff, implementing partners, and national and sub-national government officials. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to guide data collection, coding, and analysis. Heat maps were used to organize coded data and differentiate perceived facilitators and barriers to launching cMDA by stakeholder.ResultsKey facilitators to launching a cMDA program included availability of high-quality, tailored sensitization materials, and human and material resources that could be leveraged from previous MDA campaigns. Key barriers included the potential to overburden existing health workers, uncertainty of external funding to sustain a cMDA program, and concerns about weak intragovernmental coordination to implement cMDA. Cross-cutting themes included the need for rigorous trial evidence on STH transmission interruption to gain confidence in cMDA, and implementation evidence to effectively operationalize cMDA. Importantly, if policy stakeholders anticipate a cMDA program cannot be sustained due to cost and human resource barriers in the long term they may be less likely to support the launch of a program in the short term.ConclusionsOverall, policy stakeholders were optimistic about implementing cMDA primarily because they believe that the tools necessary to successfully implement cMDA are already available. Policy stakeholders in this study were cautiously optimistic about launching cMDA to achieve STH transmission interruption and believe that it is feasible to implement. However, launching cMDA as an alternative policy to school-based deworming will require addressing key resource and evidence barriers.Trial registration This study was registered in the U.S. National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials registry (NCT03014167).

SISTEM APLIKASI ADMINISTRASI PENDATAAN PENDUDUK RT.003 RW.001 CILIWUNG KEMIRIMUKA KOTA DEPOK

Neighborhood association is an organizing structure in which the Indonesian government recognizes and fosters to assist administrative tasks in building communities at the village and sub-district levels. But on RT. 003 RW. 001 Ciliwung Kemirimuka Depok City there are various problems in the management of population data and its services which consist of traditional filings into a general ledger used as physical archives so that they are vulnerable to damage and often loss of population data and cause inaccuracies in the number of population data who move, experiencing death, and residents who came. The purpose of this study is to build a population data administration system into an integrated application whose data can be stored into a database to help the service process that can be managed easily. The method used by the Research and Development (R&D) method to create products is in the form of an administrative application for RT.003 RW.001 Ciliwung Kemirimuka Depok City population data collection. The results of this study can be used for population data collection applications by RT.003 RW.001 officers as a user so it does not require more time and data search can be done easily.

Urban vulnerability to floods investigation in jakarta, Indonesia: A hybrid optimized fuzzy spatial clustering and news media analysis approach

Jakarta, known as the capital city of Indonesia and the national economic activity center, is also known as the market for floods. Moreover, the regions of Jakarta become vulnerable, especially the slum areas and this COVID-19 pandemic. This study proposes implementing Fuzzy Geographically Weighted Clustering (FGWC) with Chaotic Flower Pollination Algorithm (CFPA) in urban vulnerability analysis of Jakarta at the subdistrict level. Moreover, this study also implements the named entity recognition (NER) from local news media to extract the history of floods in Jakarta during 2019–2020 to support the urban vulnerability. This study found that the CFPA can improve the performance of FGWC. Subsequently, the clustering results showed that each cluster has its urban vulnerability problem. Most regions outside central Jakarta have more vulnerability problems, particularly in population dynamics, floods history, and slum areas. On the other hand, the news analysis showed that the most frequent flood happened between October and February. Therefore, the government and society must collaborates to overcome the urban vulnerability problems and mitigates the floods to increase the regional resilience of Jakarta.

JURIDICAL REVIEW OF DEEDS SHOWING THE TRANSFER OF LAND RIGHTS IN TULUNGAGUNG

In transferring land rights, legal practice often needs to be more consistent. Therefore, a problem arises regarding the transfer of land rights; it is necessary to go through several procedures and factors that are the basis for consideration. Referring to this, the procedure for the Transfer of Land Rights Before and After the Entry into force of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997, the implementation based on PP No.24/1997 inTulungagung Regency was carried out mostly because of the ease of requirements while PP No.10/1961 the basic legal provisions of its implementation were felt not enough to facilitate the implementation of registration in a short time and the regulations are still considered to be very rigid , in this study using the Qualitative method with a Sociological Juridical approach which was obtained directly in the field by conducting interviews or interviews with the residents involved in carrying out the land registration process, 20 Notary/PPAT, and with officials at the Tulungagung Regency National Land Agency Office, for the completion of the Making of the Deed Designating the Deed of Transfer of Rights previously carried out by making a Statement on the Deed of Risks Against the Deed Made by the local District Head,and that the Making of the Deed Designating the Deed of Transfer of Rights earlier in 2023 is no longer enforced to conform to every existing regulation and so as not to impede the Complete Systematic Land Registration program, because there are still many people who are still unfamiliar with the importance of registering land rights and so that inconsistencies in legal practice do not occur, therefore it is necessary to increase procurement Legal counseling, especially regarding land registration which is balanced with cooperation between the Land Office and officials at both the sub-district and village levels, needs to be improved and fostered. Because there are still many people who are still unfamiliar with the importance of registering land rights so that inconsistencies in legal practice do not occur; therefore, it is necessary to increase procurement Legal counseling, especially regarding land registration which is balanced with cooperation between the Land Office and officials at both the sub-district and village levels, needs to be improved and fostered. Because there are still many people who are still unfamiliar with the importance of registering land rights so that inconsistencies in legal practice do not occur; therefore, it is necessary to increase procurement Legal counseling, especially regarding land registration which is balanced with cooperation between the Land Office and officials at both the sub-district and village levels, needs to be improved and fostered.

Epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Thailand from 2011 to 2018.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important animal diseases hindering livestock production in Thailand. In this study, a temporal and spatial analysis at the subdistrict level was performed on FMD outbreak reports in Thailand from 2011 to 2018. Risk factors associated with FMD outbreaks were furthermore investigated using generalized estimating equations. The results showed that the incidence of FMD outbreaks was the highest in 2016 and was affected by season, with a peak in FMD outbreaks occurring in the rainy-winter season, during October to December. FMDoutbreaks were mostly distributed in small clusters within a few subdistricts. Some high-risk areas with repeated outbreaks were detected in the central regions. Risk factors, including the increase of subdistrict's size of the dairy population, beef population or pig population, the low percentage of forest area, subdistricts in the provinces adjacent to Malaysia, the presence of a livestock market and the occurrence of an FMD outbreak in a neighbouring subdistrict in the previous month significantly increased the odds of having an FMD outbreak. The increase in proximity to the nearest subdistrict with an FMD outbreak in the previous month decreased the odds of having FMD outbreaks. This study helped to identify high-risk areas and periods of FMD outbreaks in Thailand. Together with the identified risk factors, its results can be used to optimize the FMD control programme in Thailand and in other countries having a similar livestock industry and FMD situation.

Remote sensing-based vegetation indices for monitoring rice crop phenology and productivity in cikakak sub-district, sukabumi regency

Paddy is the main food crop consumed by most of the Indonesian daily. It is supported by the fact that rice consumption reached up to 1.55 tons in 2018, and Sukabumi Regency is among the five largest rice producer in Indonesia. The goal of this study is to determine the rice crop phenology and estimate rice productivity in one year of the planting season. The rice crop phenology was analyzed by comparing vegetation indices such as NDVI, ARVI, and MSAVI in different temporal situations. Vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2 imageries via Google Earth Engine. A rice crop productivity model developed from the statistical relationship between in-situ-based productivity data and vegetation indices applied to estimate productivity per each paddy field at a sub-district level. Also, the estimation will be associated with elevation data. The results of this study are the pattern of the rice crop phenology and the number of harvesting time in one year-planting season. The rice productivity in the Cikakak sub-district estimates at the range between 6.50 to 8.87 tonnes per hectare. Estimation models utilizing NDVI and MSAVI are showing similar results, which averagely at 8.89 and 8.87 tonnes per hectare, respectively. Rice fields with high productivity are mostly located at 250 to 500 meters above sea level.

Rancangan Sistem Informasi Layanan Administrasi Desa Berbasis Web

Sukasih Village is a government agency at the sub-district level, until now it still has several problems in data management, one of which is the process of submitting correspondence for the benefit of the residents is still manual and has the impact of requiring a long processing time until the letter is completed, because residents have to come to the village office repeatedly. times, namely at the time of delivery and at the time of collection of the letter. Another problem is when storing citizen data is still manual and can cause documents to be damaged, lost and the risk of data not being updated. For this reason, it is necessary to have a letter submission information system that can be accessed by interested parties, both within the village and outside the village environment. The design of this system aims to implement and develop a technology information system as a forum for digitizing document submission in Sukaasih Village, in order to overcome or minimize errors in the local community document recording process and can shorten the time associated with administrative services to be easier, faster and more efficient. In designing this website-based document management information system, the system development method used is Rapid Application Development, and the PHP programming language. From the results of the validity test with an r table value of 0.433, the calculated r value for each question is as follows: P1 r count n is 0.4389, P2 r counts N is 0.8568, P3 r counts n is 0.8029 , P4 r count N is 0.8568, P5 r calculates N is 0.8857, P6 r calculates N is 0.8857, P7 r counts N is 0.8029, P8 r counts N is 0.8568, P9 r calculates N is 0.8857, P10 r calculates N is 0.8029, P11 r calculates N is 0.8029, and P12 r calculate the N is 0.4563

The role of the parties in mangrove ecosystem recovery in Juntinyuat Coast, West Java, Indonesia

Coastal abrasion is a problem that needs to be addressed thoroughly. If not properly managed, coastal abrasion can lead to other environmental issues, such as damage to mangroves and coastal ecosystems. The local government is actively carrying out mangrove ecosystem restoration program to conserve the coastal ecology by involving related agencies, industries, and the community surrounding the Juntinyuat coastal area. The focus of this research is to find out the planning, implementation, and monitoring carried out in relation to the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem based on the involvement of the parties in overcoming coastal abrasion on the coast of Juntinyuat, Indramayu Regency, West Java. Data were collected by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation to the community and the parties involved in restoring the mangrove ecosystem on the Juntinyuat coast. The results showed that mangrove ecosystem damage in the coastal area of Juntinyuat generates a high level of abrasion. The damage caused by abrasion threatens settlements, ponds, and agricultural land, as well as threatens the gas and oil pipelines of Pertamina Gas in the West Java operation area (Pertagas OWJA). There is a relationship between the critical condition of the mangrove ecosystem in the Juntinyuat coastal area and the initiation of efforts to restore the mangrove ecosystem. The initiation of mangrove ecosystem restoration arose from the critical condition of mangroves, which necessitates careful planning to restore damaged mangrove conditions. Related parties concerned with the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem subsequently coordinate to plan the mangrove ecosystem restoration program on the Juntinyuat coast. The mangrove ecosystem restoration was conducted after an initial survey in mid-2014. The role of the parties in planning, implementing, and monitoring the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem is running well and maximally with a clear division of duties and responsibilities. Currently, the results of the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem on the Juntinyuat coast can be felt together with the denser mangrove cover, reducing the abrasion impact, and making it a mangrove ecotourism area. In the future, it is necessary to form a coordinating team for the strategy of mangrove ecosystem management at the regency and sub-district levels to synergize policies and programs for managing mangrove ecosystems. Empowerment activities need to be carried out intensively to encourage a change in the role of mangrove management.

The food safety management in beach tourism: A qualitative study using focus group discussion in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Background: Foodborne diseases are still a concern of public health sectors in Indonesia. The tourism area is an important place where the transmission of diseases could occur if there is no implementation of food safety management. This study aimed to investigate the local government management of food safety in the beach tourism area in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: In this qualitative study, the focus group discussion (FGD) was used to gain in-depth information about the implementation of food safety management. Data were collected from Bantul Regency in December 2020. Qualitative data were obtained using a different statement about food safety from 15 informants from three levels (district, sub-district, and village levels). The informants were selected using the purposive sampling method to gain richer information from the expert. The NVivo software was used to code the data. The content analysis was used to analyze the FGD transcript and concluding statements. Results: Most of the informants were male with the mean age of 40 years. In terms of the description of the role, each of them has a role from any stage of food safety management, like implementation, formulation, action, evaluation, and inspection. The results showed that the waste management, implementation after training, facilities, and infrastructures were needed to improve the food safety management in the beach tourism area. The informants from the village level reported more specific information compared to those from other levels. Stakeholders need to work together to accelerate food safety management. Conclusion: The waste management and lack of facilities and infrastructure were the most important issues of food safety implementation.

Local Sustainability Performance and Its Spatial Interdependency in Urbanizing Java Island: The Case of Jakarta-Bandung Mega Urban Region

Jakarta–Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR), located in the western part of Java Island, Indonesia, is experiencing rapid regional development which can be observed from its increase in population density, massive changes of land-use from agricultural land into built-up area, rapid development of infrastructure and facilities, and advances in economic activities. Unfortunately, problems related to sustainability emerge along with this rapid regional development, primarily in decrease in environmental quality and social performance, leading to unsustainable development. This study aims: (1) to develop indicators promoting sustainable development at the subdistrict level, named the local sustainability index (LSI), utilizing factor analysis; (2) to observe local-scale spatial interdependency by employing local indicator of spatial association (LISA) statistics; and (3) to identify regional clusters based on LSI scores using K-means clustering method. Our LISA results show that spatial interdependency of local sustainability performances exists between local-scale spatial units: the LSI of a subdistrict is influenced by the sustainability state of the surrounding areas. Meanwhile, the clustering results show that most subdistricts in JBMUR are categorized as members of cluster 1 with low LSI values in economic and social dimensions but moderate in environmental dimensions.

Karakteristik Spasial Data Hotspot MODIS Tahun 2019 Di Kota Palangka Raya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah

Forest and land fires in Palangka Raya City are events that almost occur every year during the dry season, forest and land fires in 2015 were recorded as one of the worst incidents in recent years. Fires in Palangka Raya City during the period January – August 2019 reached approximately 1222 hectares. The aim of the researcher to load the spatial data above is to help complete the data and be a reference in researching the spatial characteristics of the 2019 MODIS hotspot data in Palangka Raya City by examining the spatial characteristics of the MODIS hotspot data to predict forest and land fires, as well as to provide the latest information on hotspots. hotspots and the location of hotspots that need to be watched out for. The method used in this study is a combination of spatial analysis and fieldwork to obtain an overview of the spatial characteristics of the spatial data. The results of this study show that the distribution of MODIS hotspots in 2019 in the city of Palangka Raya is highest in the Sabangau sub-district while the lowest is in the Bukit Batu sub-district, with high and medium confidence levels, during a prolonged dry season and due to land clearing activities by burning. The characteristics of the MODIS hotspot in the city of Palangka Raya have 21 spatial characteristics in general consisting of vegetation types in the form of broadleaf acacia plants at sapling level, shrubs, conversion of agricultural land, and housing with road, river and peat distribution accessibility in the city of Palangka Raya.

Implementation Outcomes of National Convergence Action Policy to Accelerate Stunting Prevention and Reduction at the Local Level in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study.

The study aims to explore the implementation outcome variables of Indonesia’s national policy convergence action in the stunting reduction intervention at district, sub-district, and village levels. The study design was qualitative with an implementation research approach at District Cirebon, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, study documents, and 6 months of participant observation. We recruited 172 respondents. The assessment instrument used was formed on was implementation outcomes variables. Data were analyzed through coding, categorizing and thematic content analysis based on a predetermined theme. Comparative cross district activity-site analysis was applied between sub-districts and villages. The implementation outcome variables for the convergence action policy were performed well at the district level, in line with the central government’s adequate regulation, control, and budget. Meanwhile, the sub-district and village levels only performed aspects of acceptability, appropriateness, and coverage for specific interventions. The acceptability level in the village was only partially running. The barriers at the sub-district and village levels were issues of commitment, staff capacity, and poor coordination. Superficial understanding and capacity weaknesses drove the convergence of the stunting reduction responsibility back into the burden of the health sector at the forefront. Local politics also colored the implementation in the village.

Spatial disparity and structural inequality in disability patterns across Tianjin municipality: A multiple deprivation perspective

Reducing the spatial disparities and structural inequalities faced by disabled people is a global challenge in both developed and developing countries that requires an understanding of disability-driven deprivation. This study aims to develop and validate a conceptual framework for analysing the structural inequality and spatial disparity of disability-related deprivation. To achieve this goal, an Index of Disability-Related Multiple Deprivation (IDMD) based on six specific domains, including employment, education, marital status, health, services and barrier-free environments, is proposed. The IDMD was calculated at the sub-district level within the Tianjin municipality using aggregated registration information from the Tianjin Disability Database in 2020. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assign the weight of each indicator of IDMD. Moran I and LISA analysis were used to quantify the spatial disparity of IDMD across the municipality. Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) was used to model the structural factors shaping the spatial disparity of disability-related deprivation in terms of gender, age, and disability types. Three key findings have been generated as follows. The spatial variability of IDMD revealed significant urban-rural disparity across the municipality, highlighting the difficulties faced by vulnerable and disadvantaged disabled people in rural areas. Men, working age groups and those with intellectual disability contributed most to the structural inequalities of IDMD. Thirdly, the location of greatest deprivation varied for different groups; working age groups faced the highest levels of deprivation in the urban centre, males faced the most deprivation in the urban fringe and those with intellectual, limb, visual, speech or mental disabilities were most deprived in rural areas. These findings reflect the complexity of structural factors affecting disability-related deprivation at the municipality scale. This study points to the need for informed, targeted welfare facilities planning and management strategies to improve spatial equity and social justice for disabled people.

Kampung Muram Sari sebagai Sentra Pengelola Administrasi Pemerintahan Unggulan di Kabupaten Merauke

Muram Sari Village is one of the villages in the Semangga District, Merauke Regency. This village has a population of 1,496 people with a growth rate of 0.61%. This number fluctuates from year to year, one of which is caused by the lack of population administration management so it is very important to make improvements. This condition is in line with the government program as outlined in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages that the village has the authority to regulate its own village both in terms of government administration equipment, villages, village finances, customs, village development, village assets, government agencies. village-owned businesses and even the village government itself with the aim of having strong legality. A village that has a neat government administration system certainly involves village apparatus who are proficient and have mastery of technology in managing it. Village management involves all government officials, both at the sub-district and village levels. The apparatus should have optimal capabilities in carrying out their duties in supporting the government system. It is very appropriate if the village area becomes the target of implementing government and development activities, considering that the village government is the lowest government base in the government structure which will determine the success of a comprehensive National Development.