Sub-district Administrative Organization Research Articles

A Study of Need Assessment to Improving Quality of Child Development Center’s Management Under the Local Administrative Organization in the Northeast, Thailand

The purposes of this research were to (1) study the needs of child development center, local administrative organizations in Northeast, and (2) design and evaluate the guidelines of child development center’s management. The research is quantitative research, which was divided into 2 phases: the first phase was to survey the current conditions, desirable conditions, and analysis of needs and the second phase was to design and evaluate the guidelines of child development center’s management. The sample population was 354 people of subdistrict administrative organization’s administrators, Director of Department of Education, teachers at child development center, local administrative organization, northeast. The sampling method was multistage sampling. And the tool that was used was reliability questionnaire. For the current condition it was at 0.98. The desirable situation was at 0.96. The data analysis process used percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Priority Need Index (PNImodified). It was found that 1) The current condition of the management at the child development center was in low level while the desirable condition was in high level. Once needs were considered individually it was found that the highest index was building, environment, and safety, including participation and support from every sector. 2) The guideline for the management at child development center was divided into 5 perspectives of 15 practices. And the evaluation of the guideline indicated appropriateness and possibility were at a high level.

Community rehabilitation by the trained village health volunteers on activities of daily living and quality of life in stroke survivors

Background: The number of people with disabilities resulting from strokes is increasing in Thailand. The major sequela of the disease was weakness in one side of the body that causes difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and poor quality of life (QOL) for stroke survivors. Community-based rehabilitation could be one of the strategies that enhances functional performance and improves QOL in these individuals. There were many disabled people in Mae Ka subdistrict, San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province, where health care providers and local people were enthusiastic to take care of each other’s health in the community. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate rehabilitation outcomes in ADL and QOL of stroke participants who received rehabilitation services from trained village health volunteers (VHVs). Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research design. Subjects were recruited using purposive sampling, including 10 stroke survivors. Instruments used were 1) ADL Assessment for Occupational Therapy Clients; and 2) World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, Short Form-Thai version. The statistics used were descriptive, as well as the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: Results demonstrated that scores of basic activities of daily living (BADL) in the participants increased significantly (p<0.05) except for sexual expression. The score in the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was also significantly higher at post-rehabilitation than pre-intervention (p<0.05), as was the total ADL score. Stroke patients had significantly higher QOL scores after intervention than the pretest (p<0.05). Conclusion: These indicated that the community rehabilitation center at Mae Ka Subdistrict Administrative Organization, San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province, run by the trained VHVs could promote ability in daily activities and improve QOL in stroke participants who come for their services.

Social Return on Investment (SROI) from the Community Waste Bank Implementation under the Learning Center of Systematic Waste Management Innovation According to the Circular Economy Concept

This article presents the results of social return on investment (SROI) evaluation in the community’s waste bank program implemented in the Moo 7 and Moo 8 Villages of Tan Diao Subdistrict, Kaeng Khoi District, Saraburi Province during 2020–2022, which is a part of the Learning Centre of Systematic Waste Management Innovation According to the Concept of Circular Economy project. This research employed participatory action research to collect data on total cost for investment and income from selling recyclable waste through in-depth interviews and focus groups with a total of 40 stakeholders including: 25 community members, 5 community leaders, 3 representatives from Tan Diao Subdistrict Administrative Organization, 5 village health volunteers, and 2 private waste buyers. The SROI analysis of the Moo 7 and Moo 8 waste banks (2020–2022) by using the discount rate based on the government bond yield at 3% shows the total net present value at 106,166.60 Thai Baht (2,941.76 USD), a ratio of cost-benefit analysis at 12.74 times, the payback period at 4.7 months, and the SROI result is 2.65 Thai Baht (0.073 USD). In other words, for every 1 Thai Baht invested in the community waste banks during this period, the benefits generated were equivalent to 2.65 Thai Baht (0.073 USD). This translates to a positive return on investment. The contribution of community waste bank under the project, can significantly change in 1) community relations with an intensive engagement in community waste management, 2) economic perspective as it generates employment and income, and reduces transportation costs for landfilling, and 3) environment term, as it reduces household waste and waste disposal. The suggestions have been developed in terms of policies and action plans for community waste management together with local administrative organizations to develop Tan Diao Subdistrict as a model of waste management.

Culinary Storytelling About the Local Cuisine of Phitsanulok, Thailand

Culinary tourism is part of cultural capital that could generate income for local communities if well developed. Persuasive media, presented in various ways, plays a vital role in this development. The objective of this research, to create media with interesting and informative content to persuade foreign tourists to explore local Phitsanulok cuisine. This information was in-depth interviews that were conducted with 32 government tourism officials, 9 Chief Executives of the Sub-district Administrative Organization, 2 French nationals who were qualified chefs, and other foreigners resident in the Province. The second stage included the design and production plans for media to be developed highlighting and presenting local cuisine from each of the nine districts. The planned media was refined under the theme “Phitsanulok, a culinary delight.” This process included two French nationals who were residents in the Province who had created a unique genre of Thai Chinese fusion food. The media were focused on storytelling by these and other residents who were local participants in the culinary scene in Phitsanulok Province, intending to provide a first-hand account of the local traditional cuisine, and the enhanced genre provided by the French chefs. These stories were evaluated by 7 academicians, 3 media experts, and 3 tourism entrepreneurs, also taking into account feedback and responses from 275 social network users. This showed that Phitsanulok has the potential to be developed into a cultural city, scoring 8.13 based on the UNESCO City of Gastronomy project accreditation guidelines.

Managing the learning process to create a good leadership supervision model for Tambon Administration Organization (TAO) in Mueang Pran Buri District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province

This research aims to investigate how learning processes can be organized to create a model for effective leadership towards management. The study aims to compare the opinions of personnel in Wang Phong Sub-district Municipality regarding problems and obstacles in municipality administration and identify solutions to address these issues. The research methodology involved conducting in-depth interviews with key informants, and qualitative data analysis was used for data interpretation. The study's findings revealed that the former president of Wang Phong Sub-district Administrative Organization was a good leader who had a strong understanding of the principles of good governance and had effectively applied these principles in practice. Factors that contributed to the success of exemplary governance implementation included leadership, availability of resources and finances, and personnel numbers. Two important principles of good governance were identified: a system for awarding contests, and clear and transparent management principles for Sub-district Administrative Organizations.

Aunty Next Door - A Qualitative Study of Community Prevention and Control for COVID-19

Introduction:The Thai government has established public health policies to cope with COVID-19 and reduce the spread of disease by promulgating the Emergency Decree since March 26th 2019 in concept “stay at home, stop the spread of the virus for the sake of nation.” Those measures had been affected to people in all social levels whether it be urban or rural. The objective of this qualitative study was aimed to study the mechanisms and experiences of village health volunteers who work to control COVID-19 at the community level.Method:Forty village health volunteers in the 8th health region were included in the study. Data collection by using focus group discussion combined with audio recordings and the data were analyzed by content analysis.Results:The community’s context in the upper northeastern region of Thailand live in kinship. This is a factor supporting the operation of village health volunteers (VHVs) in the surveillance, prevention, and control of disease in the community. The mechanisms for disease prevention and control in the community are a virtual "Spider web" that connects people in the community, VHVs, Community Leaders, Public Health Officers, and Sub-district Administrative Organization (SAO) officers that operate together. While people in the community, especially "women", act in surveillance in the form of "watchdogs" that report abnormalities of community member movements to the VHV for coordination in surveillance, prevention, and control of disease in their community. The VHV and partners use management guidelines as prescribed by the Ministry of Public Health and adapted to the social and cultural context.Conclusion:The community's COVID-19 surveillance mechanism that mediates kinship begins with fear and panic from a lack of knowledge in the early stages of the outbreak. The kinship of people in the community is one of the strengths and factors of success in preventing and controlling the disease.

LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AFFECTING SUSTAINABILITY PERCEPTION OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATOR

The objective of research was to predict the local environmental law knowledge affecting sustainability perception of local administrators. The populations were local administrators of Sub-district Administrative Organization (SAO) of Maha Sarakham Province in fiscal year of 2022. The Simple Random Sampling technique was conducted with 400 local administrators. The questionnaire used an instrument for data collection. Multiple Regression Analysis is an inferential statistic for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were mean, and standard deviation. The finding showed that the prediction equation of relationship between independent variables of Local Policy 1, Local Policy 2, Local Policy 3, and Local Policy 4. These 4 local policy affected to sustainability perception of local administrator of Maha Sarakham province. The results illustrated the prediction power of Local Policy 1, Local Policy 2, Local Policy 3, and Local Policy 4 were 68.80%, 67.60%, 72.20% and 73.40% respectively. To accomplish the local sustainability, the proper local environmental policy formulation is a critical part that should be paid attention because the local environmental policy will issue the good plan and action for local administrators to be a best guideline to implement and persuade the local people to actively participate and collaborate in environment and ecosystem conservation with correctly knowledge and clear understanding in all aspects of local environmental policy such as raise the level of maturity in managing natural resources and environment and building partnerships in managing natural resources and environment.

Development and Implementation of Diabetes Care by a Community Network Based on a Chronic Care Model.

This participatory action research was conducted by the collaborative health-related team in a district, in Thailand. The community network jointly developed a care model for diabetic patients in primary care using the Chronic Care Model (CCM) and evaluated the effectiveness of implemented model. Data was collected between October 2021 and March 2022 and involved 2 groups: 1) a community network of 25 people including representatives of the community hospital, primary care hospital, Sub-district administrative organization, community leaders, community representatives, representatives of diabetic patients, and representatives of caregivers of diabetic patients, and 2) 41 people with type 2 diabetes and 41 of their family caregivers. The research was conducted in 4 stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, and the overall average knowledge scores of diabetic patients, family caregivers, and community representatives significantly increased from before (6.07 ± 2.11, 7.07 ± 1.98, P = .024, 5.74 ± 1.88, 7.37 ± 2.25, P < .001, 7.47 ± 2.44, 8.99 ± 1.72, P = .010) respectively. For satisfaction, diabetic patients were most satisfied with family caregiver support, while the community network representatives were most satisfied with their participation in planning a model for diabetic patients in primary care. After model implementation, the blood sugar-controlled patients (HbA1c < 7 mg%) significantly increased (0 and 9.76%, P = .045), although the fasting blood sugar (FBS) of diabetic patients did not improve. The development and implementation of diabetes care based on CCM, promoted community participation and involvement in diabetes care. This model mainly affected diabetic patients who could control their HbA1c level and the satisfaction of the community network.

Model of Local Creative Public Management in Gerontocracy for Establish Local Governance Bang Somboon Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Thailand

Model of Local Creative Public Management in Gerontocracy for Establish Local Governance Bang Somboon Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Thailand

The implementation of sufficiency economy in local development: A case study of administrative areas of Takuk Nuea Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Vibhavadi District, Surat Thani Province, Thailand

This research aims to (1) evaluate the implementation of sufficiency economy philosophy for local development in Tambon Takoek Nuea, Amphoe Wipawadee, Surat Thani province, (2) study the attitudes of the community towards the role of Tambon Takoek Nuea in driving the sufficiency economy philosophy for local development, and (3) examine the relationship between perception factors and participation factors with the attitudes of the community towards the role of Tambon Takoek Nuea in driving the sufficiency economy philosophy for local development. The research utilized a quantitative research method. The researchers used criteria for assessing the understanding, perception, and access to the sufficiency economy philosophy at the local administrative organization level as a framework for evaluation. An online questionnaire was used to collect data to study the community's attitudes in Tambon Takoek Nuea, with a sample size of 400 people. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software to calculate percentages, means, standard deviations, and to compare differences using t-tests and one-way ANOVA tests at a 95% confidence level. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationships between variables. The study found that (1) Tambon Takoek Nuea had an evaluation result of sufficiency economy understanding at the level of "understanding" (253 points) according to the Happiness Organization framework. (2) The community had attitudes towards the role of Tambon Takoek Nuea in driving the sufficiency economy philosophy for local development at an overall moderate level (mean of 3.22), and factors such as age, education level, and occupation showed significant differences in attitudes at a statistical significance level of 0.05. (3) Perception factors were correlated with the community's attitudes towards the role of Tambon Takoek Nuea in driving the sufficiency economy philosophy for local development in all three aspects, namely management, participatory community development planning, and community resources. This abstract summarizes the objectives, methodology, and key findings of the research, highlighting the importance of driving the sufficiency economy philosophy for local development in the context of Tambon Takoek Nuea's local administrative organization.

Guidelines for Promoting People's Participation in the Preparation of Local Development Plans: A Case Study of Pak Nam Pran Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Thailand

Guidelines for Promoting People's Participation in the Preparation of Local Development Plans: A Case Study of Pak Nam Pran Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Thailand

The persevering power of provincial dynasties in Thai electoral politics

Provincial clans and dynasties have long been crucial in Thai electoral politics. Their influence was felt since before the 1969 poll. Post-1988 and post-1992 political space gave clans room to expand in power. But their sway has been interrupted by several factors, including military coups, changing constitutions, and national transformations. Thailand's March 2019 general election, December 2020 provincial administrative organization elections, and March 2021 subdistrict administrative organization elections demonstrated the persistence of provincial clan influence owing partly to the 2019 end of military dictatorship but also to the needs by national parties to partner with provincial political families to achieve success and finally because local clans saw an opportunity to revitalize their power. In 2022 Thailand, provincial clans and dynasties appear to be alive and well. This study examines the historical evolution of provincial dynasties involved in Thai electoral politics in four different provinces. The study analyzes the reasons why only some provinces have experienced clan (familial) domination, strategies for and obstacles to dynastic family control over provincial politics, and the future of dynastic provincial families in Thailand's democratic future.

Word Recognition Program for Thai Older People with High Risk of Dementia: A Quasi-Experimental One-Group Study

Introduction: Dementia is one of the most common disorders among older people. This condition causes cognitive impairment, which can affect memory, thinking, expressive or comprehension language. It affects work and daily life. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a word recognition program on naming and quality of life in older people with high risk of dementia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a word recognition program on naming and quality of life in older people with high risk of dementia. Methods: A one-group, quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was conducted at Maeka Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Chiang Mai, Thailand, and participants’ home setting from December 2021 to March 2022. Participants were 6 Thai elderly persons with a high risk of dementia according to MEST10 cut-off score, including 1 (16.66%) male and 5 (83.34%) females. They were assessed on naming using the WAB test. Additionally, they were assessed on quality of life using the WHOQOL-BREF-THAI. The word recognition program delivered 30 min per day for 5-week duration. The results were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare the effect on the intervention program. Results: The older people with high risk of dementia significantly gained in naming after receiving the word recognition program (MD = −9.00 ± 2.344; 95% CI: −20.00 to −4.00; p = 0.031). However, they did not significantly gain in quality of life after receiving the word recognition program (MD = −4.50 ± 3.393; 95% CI: −10.50 to 1.00; p = 0.418). Discussion/Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that a 5-week intervention of the word recognition program may be effective in naming to enhance language skills for Thai older people with high risk of dementia.

Effects of the Developing and Using a Model to Predict Dengue Risk Villages Based on Subdistrict Administrative Organization in Southern Thailand.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of developing and using a model to predict dengue risk in villages and of a larval indices surveillance system for 2372 households in 10 Thai villages. A community participatory action research method was used in five steps: (1) community preparation covering all stakeholders, (2) assessment of the understanding of a dengue solution and a larval indices surveillance system, (3) development of a prediction and intervention model for dengue risk villages, (4) implementation of the model that responds to all stakeholders, and (5) evaluation of the effects of using the model. The questionnaires to assess and evaluate were validated and reliability tested. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze the quantitative data collected by means of questionnaires. Thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data collected through interviews. The results found that the model consisted of six main activities, including (1) setting team leader responsibility, (2) situation assessment, (3) prediction of the dengue risk in villages, (4) the six steps of the larval indices surveillance system, (5) the understanding of the dengue solution and the understanding of the larval indices surveillance system training program, and (6) local wisdom innovation. The effects of using the model showed a statistically significant increase in correct understanding among 932 family leaders, 109 village health volunteers, and 59 student leaders regarding dengue prevention and control (p < 0.05). The larval indices and dengue morbidity were diminished and related to the nine themes present in the community leaders’ reflections and to the satisfaction of the community members. Hence, local administrative organizations should use community-based approaches as the subdistrict dengue solution innovation to reduce the dengue problem.

Implementing data analysis based on the mixed clustering technique for sustainable participatory waste management in a low-budget area

PurposeThe research objectives are as follows: to understand the situation of solid waste management in the Makham Tia Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Surat Thani Province, Thailand; identify the patterns in household waste generation and 3Rs behavior (recycle, reuse and reduce waste); and formulate sustainable municipal solid waste management guidelines.Design/methodology/approachThis study aimed to propose the solution by using data analysis and a participatory research approach to set the guidelines for sustainable community waste management in a low-budget area. A survey of household behavior was done with questionnaires. Mixed clustering using the Gower coefficient was performed to assess the categorical socio-demographic variables along with the numeric variables related to the 3Rs behavior. The guidelines for waste management were generated based on the characteristics of the household groups.FindingsThe guidelines for waste management were generated based on the characteristics of the household groups. An appropriate practical plan for municipal solid waste management in Makham Tia Subdistrict was proposed in this work. The study showed that the guidelines were implemented and revised by members of the community, and this led to the development of sustainable community solid waste management for the future.Originality/valueThe goal of this study was to provide a solution for sustainable community waste management in a low-budget location by using data mining techniques and a participatory research approach. The study showed that the guidelines were implemented and revised by members of the community, and this led to the development of sustainable community solid waste management for the future.

Implementation of Local Government Organizations According to the Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention and Solution Act 2016 : Case Study of Health Region 10, Thailand

Background: Pregnancy in adolescence is a global problem. Around the world gives attention and attempts tofind a solution in prevention and resolution of the problem. The purpose of this research is to learn the process ofthe local authorities in complying act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559(2016) : case studies of Health Region 10. Methods: The study was divided into 2 parts is Quantitative research.It is a cross-sectional survey study by questionnaire and interviewingwhich are methods to collect data, analyzinginformation, using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation to describe theinformation of the personal factor, knowledge, comprehensive, attitude, point of views, problems and berriers tothe process of act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016). The sampleand using Pearson correlation coefficient analyze the relationships between variables Operate between August andOctober 2020.Results: The result of the research found that in phase 1 the general information of people who workin reproductive health, the local authorities in complying act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancyproblem, B.E. 2559 (2016) : case studies of Health Region 10 doing survey is women 66.80 percentage, age 36 –45 years 51.60 percentage, mostly working in Subdistrict Administrative Organization 64.80 percentage, years ofworking mean 10.74 years the score of knowledge personnel about act for prevention and solution of the adolescentpregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016) is high level ( X = 8.38 score, S.D. = 2.10) and the score of Comprehensivemedium level ( X =7.42 score, S.D. = 1.32). The people who work in reproductive health the local authoritiescomplying pay attention in pregnancy in adolescent 54.30 percentage, comprehensive and attitude is high level ( X=3.70 score, S.D. = 0.50). In the Phase 2, the analysis of Pearson Correlation Coefficient) analyzed to the relationshipbetween variables found that the knowledge of the act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancyproblem, B.E. 2559 (2016) (X1) (r=0.164*), the attitude and emphasis about act for prevention and solution of theadolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016) (X3) (r=0.214*) and the point of views in people who work in thelocal authorities complying act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016)(X4) (r=0.369*) have positive relationship with the result of the process in a problem and a barrier in operations ofthe relevant departments according to act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E.2559 (2016), statistically significant at a level of 0.05. The understanding of act for prevention and solution of theadolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016) (X2) (r=-0.108) does not have any relationship with the results ofthe process in a problem and a barrier in the operations of the relevant departments according to act for preventionand solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016), statistically significant at a level of 0.05.Conclusion: In conclusion, this research shows the highest score in Yasothorn province that using strategy of Acttheprevention and resolving of pregnancy in adolescence B.E. 2559 following 5 strategies and added strategy number 6which are religious and culture. Building a family culture of conduct living in adolescents based on traditions in dailylife under the supervision of their parents has been operating models that are suitable for the local. Therefore, thesuccess factor of the operation of Health Region 10 and institution relevant should be given priority by formulatinga policy to lead to further action.

The Sustainable Aging Health Network in Thailand

The objectives of this research were to explore factors related to aging health network and to identify the sustainable aging health network in a community of Thailand. The research design was mixed method that included both qualitative and quantitative research design. The samples were aging people and aging health networks in community. The instruments were the health services network interview form and aging health factors related questionnaire. The data were collected include demographic data, health status, health service for aging. The finding shown that the factors related of aging health were aging age, aging health assessment, aging health security, health examination, aging health care, aging health information,aging health service,aging health activities, and health services barriers. The sustainable aging health network in Thailand depended on community organization related aging health network as follow: District and subdistrict administrative organization 2) Health organzation: Health Promoting Hospital 3)Academic organization :University and educational institute in community. The data from interview from found that the ways to develop sustainable aging health network should have participation of every sectors from all health services network in community of Thailand.

FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY MANAGEMENT THROUGHOUT THE ORGANIZATION OF THE SUB-DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION

The goal of this research was to study about quality management format across sub-district administrative organization by interview using structured in-depth questionnaires format as a tool for collecting data from executives and other managers in total of 125 people. The sample groups were specifically chosen from 10 of Khaerai Sub-district Administration Organization. Data were analyzed by using score from the questionnaires and findings a percentage of full score. The result showed the essential element of a concept idea in Quality management Format across the organization of Sub-District administrative Organization namely 1) Leadership: 100 percent of executives and managers who had a good score in behavior or leading role affected to the organization. Leader had to know how to make idealistic and creative decision with a clear objective. A good leader had to work justly and be responsible when providing service and devote to the public that affect the whole society. 2) Training, 97.6 percent showed that there should be a training at least once a month. 92 percent gained more knowledge and understanding in particular topic from the training. 93.6 percent showed that the best and suitable training for organization was with tools or personal direct training emphasized on WALK Rally model and learning from the real situations. 3) Structure: there should have the direct command that supported service people. The practical organization should have to provide individual for the right job with effective communication. 4) Communication: Crucial to organization and service. That drove the management forward and acted as a tool to future success. 5) Rewarding: 100 percent result showed that there should be rewarding criterion or request for employees who showed diligence, endurance, and responsibility to one’s duty 6) Evaluation process affected 96 percent of the service and organization development in improving working potential of the organization In conclusion, executives and manager of Khaerai Sub-district Administration Organization commented and proposed on the 6 main element of Quality management Format across Sub-District Administrative Organization have the highest score in the questionnaire.

A Validated Visionary Model of how Public Sector Innovation is Related to Social Innovation within the Subdistrict Administrative Organization for Developing Thailand 4.0: Kao Liao District Model

Currently, two growing knowledge realms have been evolving along parallel pathway in public administration studies: public sector innovation and social innovation. This poses significant challenges to those interested in theory building, research and best practice in the strategic development of Thailand 4.0. This research paper creates on integrated framework based on the European Commission's ‶European Union's Seventh Framework Programme″ for research, technological development and demonstration, under grant agreement No.612870, the MEPIN project (Measuring Public Innovation in the Nordic Countries), the Delphi technique and critical analysis of the Public Sector Innovation-Sector Innovation related literature. The study reveals, not just a grounded normality and codification that might be expected under this framework, but also the critical importance of the actions of the Subdistrict Administration Organization. Furthermore, a validated visionary model is offered to enhance research and provide assistance to the well-timed strategy of managing Thailand 4.0. Respectively, this model could be used to assist in design and uniquely oriented practices, with a view to increasing the capacity for the development of strategies centered on the public service area, conveying citizens' needs and to describe about the findings of public needs. This can be recounted in meaningful implementation, conducted in a new public sector innovation for Subdistrict Administration Organization within the Lower North Region, Kao Liao District Model, and its relevance for social innovation in the civil society within Nakhon Sawan Province.

Guidelines for Solid Waste Management Approaches at Kerng Sub-District Administrative Under the Maha Sarakham Provincial Administrative Organization

To integrate the problems and needs of solid waste management (SWM) for administering the SWM approach at Kerng Sub-District Administrative Organization (K-SAO) under the Maha Sarakham PAO in Thailand were studied. This SAO increasingly shares in these problem natural limited products and highly vulnerable in 14 villages are arranged with a sample size of 357 people to their perceptions with the Questionnaire on Waste Management (QWM) and the Focus Group Discussion technique in three scales; Waste Collection, Waste Separation, and Waste Disposal scales, the classifications’ problems indicated that of moderate level. according to have their problems and needs, plastics bins are the type of their garbage bins, people collected the collecting SWM by the K-SAO, the households’ memberships have participated in the implementation of the project with social local communities, and took part in solving problems caused by the collection of the SWM on their communities, the K-SAO has been listening to comments of their suggestions and communities’ solving and given advices the burdensome problem of collecting waste to lack of responsibility. Most of guidelines the Waste Collection as to set at least twice a day and the public should be aware of the collection time and carry out their own fermentation. An importance campaign for people to sort out their sales from solid waste as Waste Separation scale was promoted. The Disposal Project Biomass Waste Treatment (MBT) was planned and organized to give pieces of advice for using disposal waste to relate waste collection time of the K-SAO was the guidelines.