Variations In Style Research Articles

How I Fell in Love with Language, Linguistics, and “Activist Sociolinguistics”: An Autobiographical Essay

My autobiographical essay begins with a brief section on my high school experience, then goes into more substantive detail about my research and publications over the past 55 years at the universities I attended (University of California, Santa Cruz; University of Pennsylvania) or at which I worked (University of Guyana, Stanford University) and since I retired in 2019. I mention my key mentors and influencers, including Roger Keesing, J. Herman Blake, Robert Le Page, and William Labov. And I identify some of the foci of my research over the years, including vowel laxing in Guyanese personal pronouns, prior creolization in the history of African American Vernacular English (AAVE), the Ebonics controversy, stylistic variation in sociolinguistics, quotative all, and racial disparities in automated speech recognition. Finally, I focus on “Activist Sociolinguistics,” including fighting for increased success for AAVE and other vernacular speakers in schools and for increased justice for them in the courtroom.

The Influence of Leadership Style Toward Employee Performance in the Regional Board for Disaster Management of South Nias Regency

This study aims to determine the effect of Leadership Style on Performance, at the Office of the Regional Disaster Management Agency of South Nias Regency. All employees in the research object as many as 30 people were designated as respondents. Because the type of data is primary data, therefore the data collection uses a questionnaire distribution method which is then processed with the help of IBM SPPS Statistics 23 software. The analytical tool used is simple linear regression. The test results show that the t-count value ≥ t-table value, partially the leadership style variable has a positive effect on the performance variable. Because the significanc e≤ value 0.05, it can also be stated that the leadership style variable has a significant effect on the performance variable

Different social experiences drive the development of divergent stress coping styles in female swordtails (Xiphophorus nigrensis).

Individual variation in stress coping styles is widespread and consequential to health and fitness. Proactive (bold behavior, low stress reactivity, low cognitive flexibility) and reactive (shy behavior, high stress reactivity, high cognitive flexibility) coping styles are found in many species, but the developmental forces shaping them remain elusive. We examined how social influences, specifically mating interactions, shape the development of adult female coping styles with a manipulative rearing experiment using El Abra swordtails, Xiphophorus nigrensis. We raised juvenile females in environments with different male reproductive phenotypes: coercive-only, courting-only, or complex (both coercive and courting males). At adulthood, we measured female stress reactivity (cortisol release following acute stress), boldness (scototaxis and open field responses), and cognitive flexibility (as inhibitory control in a detour task). Females raised in coercive and complex environments developed higher cortisol reactivity than females raised with only courtship. Stress coping trait correlations varied significantly across social environments producing different coping styles across treatments. Traditional proactive and reactive stress coping styles developed in the coercive-only environment with negative correlations between stress response and boldness, stress response and cognitive flexibility, and boldness and cognitive flexibility. Meanwhile, the courtship-only environment produced a negative correlation between stress response and boldness. We thus demonstrate that the relationship between stress response and boldness can be socially modulated. These findings suggest that developmental variation in social experiences can shape suites of traits with complex relationships; and that highly stressful social interactions, such as sexual coercion, can be a strong driver of stress coping styles.

Hubungan Antara Gaya Belajar Siswa dengan Cara Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika SMA

This study aims to analyze the relationship between students' learning styles and their ability to solve mathematical problems, particularly on exponent material. The research employs a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling, involving a sample of 30 tenth-grade students from SMAN 7 Tangerang in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research instruments include a learning style questionnaire based on the VAK model (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) and an exponent mathematics test. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation to identify the relationship between variables. The analysis results show that the majority of students have a visual learning style (66.7%), followed by auditory (23.3%) and kinesthetic (10%). The Pearson correlation test yielded a significance value of 0.178 > 0.05, indicating no significant relationship between students' learning styles and their methods of solving exponent problems, with a correlation coefficient of 0.253. These findings suggest that variations in students' learning styles are not directly related to their success in solving mathematical problems. Therefore, it is recommended that teaching approaches focus not only on learning styles but also on strengthening conceptual understanding and intensive practice.

A Comparative Study of The Northern and Southern Styles of Zhuang Opera in the Guangxi Zhuang Aotonomous Region, China

Zhuang Opera is deeply rooted in the traditions, beliefs, and lifestyles of the Zhuang people, yet it faces numerous challenges in the context of globalization and modernization. In 2006, Zhuang Opera was recognized as a national intangible cultural heritage of China, offering an opportunity for its preservation. However, it continues to struggle with issues such as talent shortages, regional fragmentation, and the erosion of traditional practices. This study compares the two primary regional styles of Zhuang Opera—Northern and Southern—analyzing differences in dialects, musical styles, vocal techniques, instrumentation, and performance practices. Through fieldwork, interviews with practitioners, and detailed comparative musical analysis, the study reveals how these stylistic variations reflect the cultural values of the Northern and Southern traditions of Zhuang Opera. It also provides guidelines for the future development of Zhuang Opera, aiming to contribute to its preservation and revitalization while ensuring its continued significance in the cultural life of the Zhuang people.

The Art of the Epic: Stylistic Mastery in Beowulf

Beowulf is a cornerstone of English literature, celebrated not only for its heroic narrative but also for its stylistic innovations that have influenced poetic traditions. This article explores the poem’s use of key stylistic devices, including alliteration, kennings, variation, and parallelism, which enhance its oral recitation, thematic depth, and emotional resonance. By blending heroic grandeur with elegiac reflection, Beowulf captures the values and existential concerns of the Anglo-Saxon world. Recurring symbols such as monsters, treasure, and the sea underscore the epic’s themes of mortality, loyalty, and human struggle. Additionally, the poem’s stylistic and thematic legacy is traced through its influence on later works, from Chaucer to modern fantasy literature. This study underscores Beowulf’s enduring relevance and its pivotal role in shaping the English literary tradition.

Analysis of the Effect of Leadership Style, Work Motivation and Incentives on Sales Work Productivity at PT Dipo International Pahala Automotive Medan

This study aims to find the effect of leadership style, work motivation and incentives on work productivity of PT Dipo Internasional Pahala Otomotif Medan. The number of samples in this study was 45 respondents. This study used quantitative data processed with SPSS 25.0 with a multiple linear regression model. The results of the study indicate that leadership style, work motivation and incentives partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on work productivity of PT Dipo Internasional Pahala Otomotif Medan. The results of the t-test show that leadership style has a regression value of 0.412, t-count = 2.342 and significant = 0.000. Work Motivation has a regression value of 0.296 has a t-count = 2.027 and significant = 0.000. Incentives have a regression value of 0.055 and a t-count result of 1.987. The results of the determination coefficient test of 92.8% of work productivity can be explained and obtained from the variables of leadership style, work motivation and incentives, while the remaining 7.2% is influenced by other factors.

The Influence of Leadership Style and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in Regional Government Offices

This study aims to analyze and understand how leadership style and work discipline can affect employee performance partially and simultaneously in providing maximum service to the community. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive statistical methods, Data collection techniques are carried out by conducting observations and distributing questionnaires, while data analysis techniques used in this study are data quality instrument tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis tests. The results of the study indicate that leadership style and work discipline have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Therefore, it can be said that the variables of leadership style and work discipline affect employee performance at the Jaya District Office, Depok.

The Problems of Linguistic Analysis of Elliptical Sentences in Modern English

Elliptical sentences, characterized by the omission of contextually inferable elements, present unique challenges in linguistic analysis. These constructions, though prevalent in both spoken and written discourse, require careful consideration of syntactic, pragmatic, and cognitive factors for accurate interpretation. This paper explores the complexities of elliptical sentences in Modern English, drawing on various linguistic theories and methodological approaches, including transformational-generative grammar, pragmatic inference, and corpus-based analysis. The findings indicate that ellipsis is widely used in informal communication and advertising, while its interpretation often relies on contextual cues, leading to potential ambiguity. The discussion highlights the difficulties posed by regional and stylistic variations, as well as the implications for natural language processing and language teaching. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to fully grasp the intricacies of elliptical constructions and their broader applications in linguistic research and education.

Challenges in translating autopsy reports

This article examines the nature of medical documentation, specifically focusing on lexical and stylistic features of autopsy reports. It explores the challenges of translating autopsy reports based on the analysis of medical documentation in English and Polish. The paper delves into the fundamental features of medical reports, followed by a detailed examination of the unique challenges encountered in the translation of autopsy reports. By analysing a range of sample autopsy reports, this study sheds light on variations in terms, style, register and degree of formality employed in both languages. The discrepancies identified highlight the need for translators to implement specific linguistic, stylistic and compositional alterations during the process of medical translation. The implications derived from this analysis provide insights for trainee translators and translator educators aiming to contribute to the enhancement of accuracy and coherence in medical communication, thus ensuring the effective transfer of information in this specialised field.

Placement of Adverbials in Pakistani English: A Pedagogical Perspective

This study aims to analyze the variation in the placement of adverbials in the non-native variety of English i.e. Pakistani English. From the current pedagogical point of view, the placement of adverbials in Pakistani English is influenced both by the Pakistani languages itself and by local teaching practices. Identifying the diverse placement and position of adverbials in the different registers under consideration is the key issue that has been addressed in the present research. A corpus of Pakistani English newspapers, short stories and novels was compiled to analyze the variations in the use of adverbials in non-native contexts. AntConc software has been used to extract the adverbials. The extracted examples reflect the state of development and the degree of variation in Pakistan English. The results and findings of this study show that there are some changes in the placement of adverbial in Pakistani English as compared to British English. These differences point out the specificities and novelties that are the characteristics of Pakistani English. These positional differences show variation in style in Pakistani English in comparison to the norms of Standard English. This study contributes to the flow of knowledge about variation in English and maps out the distinct use of English in Pakistan.

Wettability of Laser Surface Modified Soda Lime Silica Glass

Transformation of hydrophilic Soda Lime Glass (SLS) into hydrophobic glass without using any chemical processing has been a major setback in surface modification. This paper studies the effect of laser processing parameters in transforming the glass wettability using a 50 W fibre laser with a variation in hatch spacing, hatch style, scanning speed and frequency. A Design of Experiment (DOE) methodology was applied with a total of 28 runs to evaluate the water contact angle using the sessile drop method. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to study each factor’s contribution to the response. The result shows that hatching style and spacing are the most crucial factors in determining the water contact angle, followed by speed and frequency. It is found that hatch spacing and style contributed approximately 28% and 9%, respectively, to the contact angle and wettability transformation. Negative interaction between hatch spacing and water contact angle concluded this study with cross-hatch is better than line hatch. Meanwhile, cross-type hatch produced better outcomes on contact angle than line hatch. The findings are significant to designing self-cleaning glass surfaces for applications like solar panels and high-rise building glass windows.

THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC INCOME AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Objective – This research aims to determine the influence of economic income and organizational culture on the performance of Central Kalimantan Province Revenue Service employees. It is important to improve performance that has a positive impact on the independent variable, so quantitative testing is carried out.Design/Methodology/Approach – This research method is descriptive and quantitative with the SPSS 23.0 analysis tool. The results of the research are to provide information on the research problem, and at the same time connect the formulation, benefits in the research hypothesis as cause and effect which are used to answer statements from the questionnaire. The type of sample data is primary data with a questionnaire of 100 people, Revenue Service employees.Findings – The results of research on economic income, organizational culture, and employee performance have a significant positive effect of 71% on employee performance. This means that the higher the independent role of organizational culture and economic income, the better employee performance will be.Conclusion and Implications – The results provide implications, to pay more attention to the role of organizational culture and performance according to economic income so that the main tasks and job functions are not disturbed in improving employee performance. For further research, we can examine transformational leadership style variables

Understanding Emotional Responses to Text: A Psycholinguistic Investigation of Visual Influences

The paper explores the influence of visual elements on the emotional perception of textual content. Based on the experimental results, the authors evaluated how illustrations affected emotional responses to polycode/creolized texts. By using the semantic differential scales method, correlations between emotions and specific visual parameters were identified and analyzed. The results revealed how visual parameters of illustrations influence emotional responses to text in Russian, suggesting potential adjustments to emotional perception by manipulating these parameters: illustration style impacts recipient emotions; ambiguity and originality increase negative emotions, while realistic illustrations have varied effects. Additionally, the study investigated how variations in illustration style and content altered emotional interpretations of text, providing insights into the complex interplay between visual and verbal elements in communication. The findings suggest practical implications for educational material development, emphasizing the potential to adjust the emotional perception of textual content by manipulating visual characteristics. This research sheds light on the dynamics of emotional response to multimedia stimuli and offers valuable considerations for content creators seeking to optimize audience engagement and comprehension. It attempts to bridge the gap between visual perception, emotion processing, and linguistic communication, offering insights for both practical applications in NLP (Natural Language Processing) and theoretical advancements in cognitive sciences.

A Sociolinguistics Analysis of Styles and Registers Used in Pondok Pesantren Nahdlatul Wathan

This study aims to analyze the styles and registers used in Pondok Pesantren Nahdlatul Wathan, a prominent Islamic boarding school in Indonesia, to understand the linguistic dynamics within this unique cultural setting. Grounded in sociolinguistic theories, particularly those by William Labov and John J. Gumperz, the research explores how language variations reflect social roles, settings, and purposes. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method, the study involves observations and interviews to document and categorize language use. Findings reveal significant variations in language styles, with formal registers employed in academic and administrative contexts and informal styles preval_ent in casual interactions. These linguistic practices are influenced by cultural and religious factors, emphasizing respect, communication effectiveness, and community cohesion. This research contributes to sociolinguistic scholarship by highlighting the interplay between language, identity, and social dynamics in educational and religious environments.

Temperament Characteristics of Children in Residential Care and Perceived Acceptance/Rejection and Style of Discipline Used by Care Workers.

The ability to adapt interpersonal interactions to temperamental characteristics is essential for high-quality care. We analyzed how temperamental and self-regulation differences among children in residential care were related to the affective relationships and discipline styles of their caregivers. A total of 144 children aged 9-16 years (42.6% boys) and their caregivers from 22 residential care homes (Spain) participated. The Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R) was used to assess temperament, the Affect Scale and Rules and Demands Scale was used to assess children's perceptions of affective relationships and discipline styles among their caregivers, and BRIEF-2 was used to assess children's self-regulation. Perceived warmth/communication was significantly higher than criticism/rejection and children perceived more inductive than rigid or permissive styles. Temperamental-scale fear was positively related to warmth/communication and an inductive style, and negatively related to criticism/rejection and a rigid style, whereas high-intensity pleasure showed the opposite pattern. In addition, some self-regulation and temperament scales explained 26% of the perception of warmth/communication, while others explained 15% of the variability of the rigid discipline style used by care workers. These results can help care workers to adjust their educational strategies according to the temperamental characteristics of this specific population.

Pilbara Fat-Tailed Macropods: Using Multivariate and Morphometric Analyses to Explore Spatial and Stylistic Variability

This paper presents a pioneering analysis of a distinctive engraved motif from the Pilbara region: the fat-tailed macropod (kangaroo). This stylistic analysis has used a combination of conventional qualitative and multivariate techniques with less commonly deployed geometric morphometrics analysis (GMA). Focusing on a distinctive engraved motif in Australia’s northwest, this study has quantified the stylistic characteristics of the fat-tailed macropod depictions by identifying the significant attributes that contribute to this motif’s schema. By using both multivariate analysis and GMA software, we have developed a more nuanced understanding of the synchronic and diachronic dimensions of this deep-time indigenous artistic tradition. Differing levels of stylistic homogeneity across this region are interpreted as distinctive signalling intentionality by the artists. Based on the precepts of information exchange theory, stylistic homogeneity is interpreted as indicating an open social system, while stylistic heterogeneity represents people signalling social difference(s). The geographic distribution of this distinctive motif, and its specific placement within sites demonstrates different inscribing behaviours across the Pilbara. This is interpreted as evidence for intentional identity production by Pilbara artists. GMA identifies that a major contributing factor to the variability in this motif form is in the distinctive depictions of posture and gait. Indigenous knowledge of kangaroo behaviours is demonstrated in these iconic Pilbara motifs.

Development of Differentiated Interactive Media to Encourage Student’s Number Sense

Number Sense ability is crucial to have as a basis for students' knowledge in solving numeracy problems. The use of learning media with number sense material content is very necessary today. Another problem arises in the variation of students' learning styles that require differentiated media to meet all needs. This study aims to develop differentiated learning media with number sense content. This research is research and development (R&D), where this study uses the ADDIE development model. This research was conducted at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Malang with a total of 36 students as subjects. The data obtained from the validation sheet is divided into qualitative and quantitative data which are analyzed to determine the feasibility of the learning media developed. The results of the media evaluation show an average percentage of 86.3%, with the category "Very Feasible". The question aspect obtained an average percentage of 84.5%, also with the category "Very Feasible". In addition, the results of the practicality questionnaire involving 36 students gave an average practicality percentage of 87.1%, also in the "Very Feasible" category. Thus, seeing the assessment results indicates that the developed learning media is very feasible to be implemented in the classroom learning process as a form of implementing the merdeka curriculum.

The Influence of Leadership Style and Training on Employee Performance at the Regional Secretariat of East Kalimantan Province

The Influence of Leadership Style and Training on Employee Performance at the Regional Secretariat of East Kalimantan Province. This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of Leadership Style and Training on the performance of the Regional Secretariat of East Kalimantan Province. The research uses primary data collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale. The study was conducted from April 2019 until completion. The tool used in this study is Multiple Linear Regression. Data analysis is carried out using linear regression formulas and computer analysis with SPSS to determine the results of the study. The regression results show that, partially, the variables of Leadership Style and Training have a positive and significant impact on the performance of the Regional Secretariat employees in East Kalimantan Province. This explains that when Leadership Style and Training are provided appropriately, they will significantly influence employee performance.

Narratives of health-promoting experiences by older husbands and wives providing care to their home-dwelling spouses receiving home-care services in Norway

BackgroundIn today’s healthcare systems, older family caregivers who care for their spouses at home are indispensable providers of healthcare. However, many of these caregivers are at risk of becoming ill themselves. To prevent this and to guide the development of targeted healthcare services, home-care personnel need knowledge on how to promote the health of older family caregivers. The purpose of this study was to understand the health-promoting experiences of older family caregivers who care for their home-dwelling spouses receiving home-care services.MethodsThe experiences of older family caregivers were explored using a narrative design that involved narrative interviews and a narrative thematic and structural analytical approach. The sample consisted of four husbands and six wives aged 79–91 years. In the analysis, two storylines of narratives were constructed: one by husbands and one by wives.FindingsIn the husbands’ narrative, continuation of everyday life and social support in everyday life were highlighted as being health-promoting. In the wives’ narrative, the importance of having time for oneself and being seen, heard and included by the home-care personnel were emphasized as promoting their health. The husbands’ narrative contained stories of the past and the present, while the wives’ narrative mainly comprised stories of the present.ConclusionThis study has provided insights into the narratives of older husbands and wives acting as family caregivers regarding what promotes their health caring for their spouses at home. Their stories show variations in care style, coping style and experiences of the caregiver burden. These findings suggest that home-care services should consider providing customized health-promoting services to older family caregivers who are providing care to their home-dwelling spouses receiving home-care services. Given the sample size of only ten participants, further qualitative and quantitative research is needed.