Stylistic Patterns Research Articles

Demystifying the Saintly Image of Gandhi: A Rhetorical Reading of Orwell’s “Reflections on Gandhi”

This paper analyses George Orwell’s essay “Reflections on Gandhi” to explore how Orwell dwells on Gandhi’s contradictory character traits between his saintly ideals and the pragmatic needs of humanism. This paper argues that Orwell intends to justify Gandhi as a humanist politician by demystifying the saintly image crafted through his physical attributes, autobiographical narratives, and the mainstream political discourse. To discuss this issue, the present study has made a rhetorical reading of the text and relies on the method of textual analysis. The findings of the study suggest that Orwell strategically employs persuasive techniques, including timely arguments, authentic portrayal of positions, evidence-based logical reasoning, and stylistic patterns to convey his perspective of humanist Gandhi effectively. Finally, this paper contributes to have a deeper understanding of his critique of Gandhi's persona and the broader implications to the political discourse such as Gandhism.

Genre and style models of contemporary Ukrainian vocal and choral music

The relevance of the study of the chosen topic is conditioned by the fact that a wide panorama of compositions in the field of vocal and choral music appears, reflecting the modern process of reviving the national culture of Ukraine. The variety of their content, concepts, and structures contributes to the popularization of the spiritual and creative heritage of the Ukrainian people, which requires special research in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to identify genre features and stylistic patterns that characterize the works of the vocal and choral branch of musical art. In the course of the study, methods of analysis, comparison, and synthesis were used. As a result, genre models of vocal and choral compositions of small (painting; prayer; monologue; song; arrangement) and large forms (cantata, choral concert suite, vocal and instrumental cycle, choral cycle) were discovered. The leading stylistic components of modern vocal and choral compositions were established, their content was emphasized (synthesis of elements of archaic play (action); folk songs; spiritual chant and modal, classical tonal, chromatic sound systems in small forms; a unique author’s idea, processing of primary sources from folk song art and church services based on a wide range of different fret and technical systems in large forms). The study's conclusions confirm the utilization of folk, church, and academic traditions, both past and present, alongside structural, compositional, technical, intonational, and rhythmic elements from various musical genres and cultures in vocal and choral compositions of the first quarter of the 21st century

Significant Aspects of Teaching Legal Negotiations to Law Students in Russia

The paper deals with the overview, prioritization and analysis of the elements that are inalienable in legal negotiations and teaching modules of the course on negotiations. An experienced legal negotiating coach keeps in mind a number of vital elements of the course, such as personal ch aracteristics of learners, stylistic patterns and cultural features. The data collected in the research supports the fact that cultural shifts reflected in the statements of negotiators have a direct impact on the negotiation result and often lead to misunderstandings and inability to reach an agreement. For instance, Russian businessmen often unconsciously apply inflexible aggressive integrated strategy of negotiations. Thus, the negotiation course module devoted to cultural awareness and appropriate negotiating strategies development should contain, inter alia, information connected with authentic reactions of negotiators belonging to a particular ethnic group, and this information should be scrutinized and deeply considered. Consequently, it will be useful to apply the priming teaching technique through the comparison and analysis of students’ responsive statements with native speakers’ responsive statements in one and the same simulation which will facilitate mastering successful negotiation skills leading to a package deal beneficial for all parties.

Atribución de autoría de traducciones mediante análisis estilométricos: los Cantos de Leopardi por Antonio Colinas y Eloy Sánchez Rosillo

This paper will discuss the possibility of attributing authorship to translations by carrying out a comparative stylometric analysis of an author’s poems and their translations of other writers’ works. The paper puts forward two hypotheses. Firstly, its aim is to test whether an author’s poems and translations share stylistic patterns. Secondly, it will test whether these shared patterns can be used to attribute authorship of translations. The complete works of Antonio Colinas and Eloy Sánchez Rosillo, together with their respective translations of Giacomo Leopardi’s Cantos, will be used. Based on these texts, we will build computational representations that correspond to the stylistic profiles of each author, using various style cues related to metrics, grammar, and lexicon. These representations will serve as input for the calculation of similarity. Its result will allow us to determine to what extent characteristics of an author’s own verses remain in the translated poems and whether there is more closeness between the two translations or between each author’s poetry and their translation.

ON SATIRICAL COMMENTS: POLITICAL HUMOR OF INDONESIANS DEPICTED IN INSTAGRAM POSTS

This study explores the phenomenon of political humor within Indonesian society, focusing specifically on the expression of satirical comments through Instagram posts. Employing critical discourse analysis as the methodological framework, the study examines how Indonesian users utilize humor to comment on political events, figures, and ideologies in the digital realm. By analyzing a selected sample of Instagram posts, the study aims to shed light on the linguistic and discursive strategies employed by users to construct satirical commentary and investigate the underlying socio-political implications of such discourse. The study findings highlight the significance of satirical comments in shaping public opinion and fostering political dialogue within Indonesian society. It uncovers Instagram users' diverse strategies to express their discontent, promote alternative perspectives, and foster critical thinking through humor. The study identifies recurring themes, targets, and stylistic patterns in satirical comments, offering valuable insights into contemporary Indonesia's political discourse and collective sentiment. This study contributes to the existing literature on critical discourse analysis. It provides an in-depth analysis of the unique ways Indonesians engage in political satire through Instagram, elucidating the intricate relationship between language, humor, and political critique.

Fast style transfer for ethnic patterns innovation

Minority ethnic patterns in China, reflecting diverse cultures, serve as symbols of ethnic identity and cultural heritage. However, the current artistic domain of minority ethnic patterns faces dual challenges: limited artistic styles and insufficient innovation efficiency. In addressing these issues, this study proposes a novel approach for ethnic pattern innovation, named Fast Style Transfer for Ethnic Pattern Innovation (FST-EPI), aiming to enhance innovation efficiency and diversify artistic styles. FST-EPI comprises three key modules: background generation, background fusion, and fast transfer. Firstly, the background generation module utilizes the Visual Geometry Group network (VGGNet) to extract features from images, generating a background image with the desired style while preserving the necessary stylistic attributes. Subsequently, textile patterns are fused with the stylized background image, forming a content-background fusion image. Finally, the selected stylistic patterns, along with the content-background fusion image, are input into the fast transfer module to produce the ultimate innovative pattern. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated images not only fully retain the core features and cultural elements of minority ethnic patterns but also successfully integrate the unique styles from one or more reference images. This proposed method exhibits outstanding efficiency and feasibility in a broad range of experiments related to ethnic pattern style transfer, as evidenced by thorough comparisons with state-of-the-art methods. Ultimately, the processing speed of this method achieves a real-time output at the level of seconds, reducing processing time by nearly 50% compared to traditional approaches.

Linguistic and cultural nature of phraseological units with numerical components in the English and Kazakh languages

Relevance. The need to study the linguoculturological paradigm of numerical phraseology is a priority task of modern linguistics, since it is stable language patterns that best reflect the mentality of the people, their cultural preferences, social living conditions, attitude to customs and traditions, ways of thinking and behavior. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to study idiomatic expressions based on numerical components for linguocultural associative links. Methodology. For implementation of the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: linguoculturological in combination with comparative-comparative, lexico-semantic and analytical-synthetic. Results. In this work, a study was conducted of the national specifics of the English and Kazakh languages, based on the linguocultural nature of idioms, which include a numerical component. Since numerological nominations carry sacred meanings, a study was made of each individual lexeme, the frequency of its use, lexical-semantic content and stylistic shades. Based on the obtained lexicographic information, comparison of numerical nominations in English and Kazakh languages was carried out. The linguoculturological status of phrasemes was determined, positive and negative connotations, metaphor and figurativeness were evaluated, associative links were formed between the functional-semantic fields of English and Kazakh phraseology. The question of the equivalence of phraseological units and the formation of lacunae (semantic gaps) in the phraseological picture of the world was considered. Conclusions. The richness of idiomatic expressions, especially those with numerical components, reflects ancient beliefs about the world's workings. Despite stylistic and semantic differences, both English and Kazakh languages exhibit equivalents, variations, and gaps in phraseology, with numerical components playing a significant role. This study can be used in conducting comparative studies of other national languages, establishing linguocultures and the linguoculturological status of phraseological units and other structural elements of speech, using machine technologies to isolate numerical lexemes from contexts, transforming the speech flow and forming new semantic and stylistic patterns. Keywords: idiom; numerology; symbolism; sacred meaning; national traits

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AS COMPENSATION FOR INFREQUENT IN-PERSON CONTACT WITH GRANDCHILDREN DURING THE PANDEMIC

Abstract Maintaining interactive relationships with grandchildren represents an important and rewarding aspect of family life for grandparents. The goal of this study is to explore stylistic patterns of intergenerational contact with grandchildren including digital communication (texting, e-mail, video call, and social media interaction) and how they were associated with older grandparents’ psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the 2021-22 survey of the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), the analysis applied latent class analysis to identify communication styles with grandchildren among 264 grandmothers and 174 grandfathers. We identified four communication styles for both grandmothers and grandfathers. Life satisfaction was relatively low and no different among grandparents with a detached style (little contact of any type) and those with a digitally connected style (little in-person contact but some digital contact). However, fully connected grandparents (digital contact and in-person contact) had significantly better life satisfaction than detached grandparents. Results suggest that digital communication with grandchildren did not compensate for the lack of face-to-face contact with grandchildren but complemented this more traditional form of contact. We conclude that digital contact with grandchildren provides added value above and beyond in-person contact for the psychological well-being of older grandparents.

Class Struggle and Feminist Character Transformation of Eliza Doolittle in Shaw’s Pygmalion

George Bernard Shaw depicts, the life of the British middle-class society of the Victorian era. He received the Noble Prize in Literature (1952) and the Oscar Award for his best writing and illustration of Pygmalion. In Pygmalion Shaw addresses class struggle, pronunciation trends, thematic interpretation feminist character transformation and stylistic patterns. Eliza’s inaccurate English spelling is due to a poor economic and social position in society. Shaw’s Pygmalion attracts the reader’s attention to the social class and female viewpoints. The characters of Dolittle’s highlights the idea of class conflict in British society during the Victorian era. Eliza is the ideal character example for the lost modern girl and that these lost females will take lessons from play and make a great transition to obtain dignity, confidence and equality. The character Higgins, who sees that passion for the perfect use of language as a prerequisite for one’s success, uses social influence to enforce his point of view to make the character Eliza embrace and live in compliance with his orders. Thus, Shaw’s Pygmalion shows the hard work of Eliza Doolittle, a flower girl, suffered from the male dominant society and becomes stronger independent women.

Corpus stylistic analysis of literary translation using multilevel linguistic measures

Abstract Previous studies in corpus-based literary translation have tended to focus on only one or two specific aspects of style. In this study we expand the existing analytical paradigm to show how the style inherent in source texts (STs) is reflected in their translations. We do this using thirty-six multilevel linguistic features. The selected texts are James Joyce’s Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and their Korean translations. We find that the general stylistic patterns in the STs are mirrored in the target texts (TTs) in terms of several linguistic measures, but that some aspects of style are not reflected in the TTs. The stylistic discrepancies between the STs and TTs may signify the translator’s strategic decisions to adhere to the target language (TL) norms and translation conventions as well as to preserve the style in the ST.

A complex case of trade in metals: The origin of copper used for artefacts found in one hoard from a Late Bronze Age Lusatian Urnfield Culture in Poland

Metal artefacts from Bronze Age hoards have routinely been used to study interregional contacts. Their stylistic and typological features helped distinguish local products and imports by appearance. In the last 40 years, combined lead isotope and chemical analyses of metals have been widely applied to verify hypotheses based on style and typology. This paper is a comprehensive typological and analytical study of a metal item hoard discovered in Paszowice, SW Poland. In the Bronze Age, the area was inhabited by the Lusatian Urnfield culture (ca. 1350/1300–800/750 BC) communities. We expected that at least some of the artefacts would be local products fashioned according to foreign stylistic patterns. The research aimed to determine whether a ‘classical’ stylistic analysis combined with provenance studies of metals would allow more decisive conclusions. This combination of methods could also show how the metal reached the Lusatian Urnfield culture settlement zone. We conducted a detailed typological and chronological analysis to map the distribution of similar artefact types. It demonstrated that stylistic matches for the artefacts from Paszowice occur mainly in NE Hungary, S Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Romania. Selected metal artefacts (both tin bronze items and raw copper objects) from Paszowice were also analysed for their chemical (EPMA) and lead isotope (MC ICP MS) compositions. The study revealed many copper sources used for their production, ranging from the nearest copper mines in the Slovak Ore Mountains, through Eastern Alps and mines in Sardinia, to possibly the Iberian Peninsula. In this way, we identified the potential trade routes by which metal could get to SW Poland: the southwestern and southeastern routes and the Mediterranean-Danube route. The Iberian metal might have also reached the study area from the north – through its redistribution by Scandinavian traders. Our results show that metal from many sources circulated in central Europe during the Late Bronze Age. The Lusatian Urnfield communities were part of a pan-European exchange network and maintained extensive long-distance contacts, allowing metal acquisition from various sources.

REPETITION IN THE ORAL TRADITION OF ZHYRAU: EXPRESSIVENESS AND FIGURATIVENESS OF THE ARTISTIC IMAGE

The article explores the formulaic nature of epic repetition in the oral tradition of the Kazakh Zhyrau XV–XVIII centuries. It manifests itself in its two main functions – expressive and pictorial. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the aesthetic and functional nature of epic repetition, to identify its features as a technical acceptance, and to trace its initial origins – rhythmed spells, suggestive magical realities, and its primary transformations. In the course of the research, we used historical-genetic, structural-semantic, hermeneutic methods and the method of the oral theory of Parry-Lord (oral tradition). The theoretical value of the methods used lies in the fact that they made it possible to reveal the genetic nature of epic repetition and the peculiarities of its functioning in traditional poetic art. The formulaic and stylistic patterns of various types of sound repetition – anaphora, verbal rhyme, monorym, rediff, etc. – were studied for the first time on the material of the individual author's oral poetry of Zhyrau of the XV–XVIII centuries. The practical value of the article and its justification lies in the writing of the monograph "The Poetic word in myth, ritual and ritual" and the preparation of a "Poetic Dictionary of the frequency of formulaic units" within the framework of the scientific project "Research of the artistic-determinative system, "formulaic stylistics" and grammar of poetry of Zhyrau XV–XVIII centuries. Frequency dictionary" (under the Program of grant financing of scientific and scientific-technical projects for 2021-2023 by the MSHE RK, IRN AP09261377).

Basic Reporting Verbs as Markers of the Author’s Idiostlyle

This article reveals the peculiarities of idiostyles referring to works by nineteenth-century classical Russian writers (F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov, and I. S. Turgenev). Based on intertext and inter-style statistical comparison, the author aims to reveal lexical compatibility and some individual particularities of using some frequent reporting verbs in literary texts belonging to the same period. The research is methodologically based on the ideographic approach to literary text analysis which takes into consideration internal correlations existing between lexical paradigmatics and syntagmatics. Lexical bigrams (pairs of words used in one phrase context) are taken as a unit of comparative lexicostatistical and contextological analysis. Word combinations of this type are used by the same writer in different texts, though they are not found in works by the other authors. The only obligatory element of a lexical bigram is a word which is often used by all the writers in question as it reveals the specific patterns of an author’s work with the same language material (such reporting verbs as сказать (‘say’), спросить (‘ask’), ответить (‘answer’), заметить (‘note’) are very representative for this purpose). So-called “idiostylistic markers” most frequently used to describe the moment of speech are identified for each writer in question. The author draws conclusions about the individual specificity of these stylistic patterns. Author-specific lexical compatibility shows that in the contexts of the verbs in question with lexical bigrams extracted from novels by L. N. Tolstoy, the use of the verb отвечать (‘answer’) prevails and involves an expression of emotions. The verb замечать (‘note’) which is frequently used in novels by F. M. Dostoevsky, reveals psychological perceptional particularities of speech of the other. The author argues that the use of the verb говорить (‘say’) for introducing direct speech is typical of А. P. Chekhov’s idiostyle where it is syntactically combined with adverbial participles denoting various nonspeech actions drawing the reader’s attention to a particular detail. The verb промолвить (‘utter’) is specific for I. S. Turgenev’s idiostyle and reveals implicit but semantically important correlations existing between the concepts of speech, thought, and motion.

Детские хоровые опусы Виктора Калинникова в контексте музыкально-педагогических проблем конца XIX — начала ХХ века

The article examines the children's choral creativity of Viktor Sergeevich Kalinnikov in the context of pedagogical problems of the late XIX — early XX centuries. In conditions of insufficient number of children's choral repertoire, which would meet such criteria as accessibility for performance and musical and artistic significance, prominent composers of that era, including Ts.A. Kui, A. K. Lyadov, A. T. Grechaninov, A. S. Arensky, V. I. Rebikov, began to apply to the composition of the choral repertoire for children, among them Ts. A. Kui, A. K. Lyadov, A. T. Grechaninov, A. S. Arensky, V. I. Rebikov, M. M. Ippolitov-Ivanov. Carrying out a brief overview of the compositions of these composers for children's choir, the author shows the general trends in the course of which V. Kalinnikov's children's choral opuses arose. The characteristic features of V. Kalinnikov's children's choral creativity, analyzed for the first time in the article, are not only correlated with the trends of the era, but also presented in the context of the stylistic patterns of his compositional handwriting, musical and pedagogical research. The analysis of children's choral music, on the one hand, reveals V. Kalinnikov as a musician who perfectly owns pedagogical tools, on the other hand, shows that this page of creativity is an organic part of his artistic world.

STYLISTIC TECHNIQUES IN THE REPRESENTATION OF LATVIAN CHARACTER: A STUDY OF GATIS ŠĻŪKA’S CARTOONS

The purpose of the article is to study a variety of cartoons by the famous Latvian cartoonist Gatis Šļūka who often represents Latvia and Latvians, capturing their very character and spirit. The main objective of this study is to examine diverse stylistic patterns and their visual and verbal interaction. The frequent use of stylistic patterns implies that Latvian thinking is naturally figurative. The cartoons often mock various predicaments in different domains of life. To appreciate the complete meaning of a cartoon, it is crucial to understand the historical and social context of the cartoon, especially if it is not analysed around the moment of its creation. The most recurrent stylistic pattern that appears in nearly all analysed cartoons is metonymy, thus it can be concluded that metonymy plays the most important role in meaning construction. There are other significant stylistic techniques such as personification, allusion and pun. In most cases it is possible to state that interaction of stylistic patterns is evident in the cartoons.

CLG Authorship Analytics: a library for authorship verification

The task of authorship verification consists in detecting whether two texts have been written by the same person. This paper describes the CLG Authorship Analytics software, which implements several individual methods as well as a stacked generalization system for authorship verification. The approach relies primarily on ensemble learning methods, i.e. repeatedly sampling the data in order to capture the invariant stylistic patterns. The approach is tested through a series of experiments designed to test the ability of the system to generalize, depending on various parameters. The code and results of the experiments are publicly available https://github.com/erwanm/clg-authorship-experiments.

Târih-i Gılmânî'nin 17. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Tarih yazımındaki Yeri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Considering seventeenth century Ottoman historical writing and the place of Mehmed Halife’s Târih-i Gılmânî within it requires one to closely examine the social, economic, and political changes that took place in the seventeenth century Ottoman Empire. It was a century during which the empire was going through a substantial transformation, not only in political and economical terms, but also intellectually. The economic and demographic ramifications of the “seventeenth century crisis” would affect the entire system. Thus, the seventeenth century is considered to have been a crucial era in the history of the Ottoman Empire due to its changing internal dynamics and characteristics that were to give way to the modernization of the Ottoman State. This paper analyzes the place of the Târih-i Gılmânî in seventeenth century history writing emphasizing its linguistic and thematic peculiarities. Like many seventeenth-century chronicles, the Târih-i Gılmânî used the similar stylistic patterns portraying the world as wie es eigentlich gewesen. Nonetheless, one ought to tread carefully when considering the linguistic style of the chronicle, which may include additional revelations between the lines. For example, words carefully chosen may reveal the closeness of the writer to high post officials, who were likely his protectors or commissioners. Therefore, one should be cautious in describing seventeenth century history writing as portraying the world wie es eigentlich gewesen. Nor would it be true to disparage the existence of the sultan’s personality in seventeenth century history writing as a non-issue.

The Evolution of the Idiolect over the Lifetime: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of French 19th Century Literature

The way in which authors express themselves is unique but changes over their lifetime. However, quantitative studies of this idiolectal evolution are rare. Using the Corpus for Idiolectal Research (CIDRE) that contains the dated works of 11 prolific 19th century French fiction writers, we propose new methods to identify, quantify and describe the grammatical-stylistic changes that take place using lexico-morphosyntactic patterns, also called motifs. To examine the strength of the chronological signal of change, we developed a method to calculate if a distance matrix of literary works contains a stronger chronological signal than expected by chance. Ten out of 11 corpora showed a higher than chance chronological signal, leading us to conclude that the evolution of the idiolect is in a mathematical sense monotonic, supporting the rectilinearity hypothesis previously put forward in the stylometric literature. The rectilinear property of the evolution of the idiolect found for most authors in CIDRE subsequently enabled us to propose a machine learning task: predicting the year in which a work was written. For the majority of the authors in our corpus, the accuracy and the amount of variance that is explained by the model were high and we discuss why the technique might fail for others. After applying a feature selection algorithm, we examined the most important features, i.e. the motifs that have the greatest influence on idiolectal evolution. We find that some of those features are stylistic and have been previously identified in qualitative literature studies. We report some remarkable stylistic constructions revealed by our algorithm to illustrate which kind of stylistic patterns can be extracted using our method.

Desert Power: The Eerie and Disenchanted Philosophical Landscape of Denis Villeneuve’s Dune: Part One

The aim of the paper is to contribute to the discussion and debate on Denis Villeneuve’s Dune: Part One by using a film-philosophical approach, which will take into account how particular aspects of the storyworld, stylistic patterns, and specific chronotopes inform the film’s singular take on the famous story/saga. The article gives major attention to the film’s aesthetics and themes by highlighting, in particular, the importance and role of desertic ecologies. Indeed, one of the main theses of this paper is that the film puts forth an operatic aesthetic of disenchantment and misrecognition and strategically uses ambiguity and uncertainty as existentialist motifs to deconstruct ideas of heroism and predestination. These affective dynamics provide the storyworld with an eerie tension stressing lack, loss, mourning, and powerlessness. Concurrently, the desert of Dune, in contrast with that of classic epic films such as Lawrence of Arabia (1962) by David Lean, exists as a living and immanent organism highlighting existential uncertainty and, at the same time, existing as a dense field of possible ethical experimentations.

The Iconicity of Style in Contemporary Science Fiction

ABSTRACT Science fiction has its origins alongside literary modernism but developed its characteristic generic style in a different direction for most of its history. More recently, science fiction has increasingly converged stylistically with mainstream literary writing, adopting some of its patterns particularly around the articulation of consciousness and perspective. However, the genre-basis of science fiction means that it is likely that readers will generate different effects even from similar stylistic patterns, in encounters with science fiction compared with non-sf. This article explores these functions of stylistic variation in some contemporary science fiction works. It argues that stylistic experimentalism in science fiction is in principle iconic of the world being constructed, rather than being an arbitrary compositional matter.