Stylistic Features Research Articles

تحليل أسلوبي تقابلي للثقافات في النشيدين الوطنيين البريطاني والمصري

The study explores cross culturally the aesthetic stylistic features and values in two famous English and Arabic national anthems, namely the British and the Egyptian national anthems which represent two distinct ruling systems i.e. royal and republican ruling systems. The quali-quanti analytical framework involves (Verdonk, 2002), as a tool for stylistic analysis, as well as (Risager, 2005) conception of languaculture. The former provides tools such as the lexico-grammatical and intertextual sources central to stylistic analysis while the latter relates to how language is a socio-culturally bound concept. Assuming that the two anthems exhibit various interesting features, the study found that there are interesting differences and similarities between the two anthems especially with respect to the cultural resonance and poetic images, the issue which projects how to famous nations reflect their pride i.e. in the British national anthem, the concepts of monarchy, social structure and reverence for the monarchy is emphasized, whereas in the Egyptian national anthem, Egypt's, glory, resilience, cultural heritage as well as aspirations for a better future are strongly highlighted.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC PECUARITIES OF THE EPITHET IN THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN FAIRY TALES (BASED ON THE TALES OF O. WILDE AND M.E. SALTYKOV-SHCHEDRIN)

Background. Studying and understanding stylistic devices, and, in particular, the epithet, is an integral part of the world linguistic picture. The epithet is inextricably linked with all literary works and is therefore a key part of any language. It reveals the attitude of native speakers to certain phenomena, which is manifested in the use of words stable for epithets. However, the lack of certainty in various aspects of the study of the epithet determines the need for its further study. The subject of the study is the linguistic and stylistic features of the epithet in English and Russian fairy tales. Purpose. The article identifies and compares the linguistic and stylistic features of epithets in the English and Russian fairy tales. Materials and methods: The material for the study comprises 150 epithets from the fairy tales of O. Wilde the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. When analyzing the material, the following methods of linguistic analysis were used: semantic, stylistic, cultural, comparative and quantitative analysis, as well as the continuous sampling method. Results. As a result of a comparative study, identical and distinctive pecularities of epithets in two languages were identified. It was determined that the stylistic characteristics of epithets are largely similar, but it is emphasized that the English-language epithets are more unique and concise than Russian-language ones, which, in turn, are characterized by repetition and figurative meaning. In the English-language examples, there was greater neutrality and an emphasis on the positive and neutral qualities of the characters. Negative connotations were noted in the Russian-language epithets. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the study of the courses in stylistics, foreign literature, as well as in foreign language classes.

A Critical Analysis of Imagery in My Heart Leaps Up: Illuminating Wordsworth's Nature Poetry in the Context of Ecocriticism

This paper presents a critical analysis of the imagery used in William Wordsworth's poem My Heart Leaps Up, examining its role in the context of Ecocriticism. By offering a close reading of the poem and drawing on various eco-critical perspectives, the researcher explores the relationship between the poem's imagery and concepts such as biocentrism, anthropocentrism, eco-feminism, and deep ecology. Additionally, the researcher compares My Heart Leaps Up with other nature poems by Wordsworth and other Romantic poets, which helps us to identify particular stylistic and thematic features of the poem. This study aims to demonstrate how the use of imagery in My Heart Leaps Up connects to contemporary discourses on climate change and the anthropogenic epoch. This paper highlights the significance of My Heart Leaps Up within the broader context of Wordsworth's poetry and offers new theoretical and argumentative extensions to the reading of his nature poetry. Overall, this research contributes to our understanding of how language and imagery can be used to convey the beauty and importance of the natural world and our role in it.

Arabic semantic priming for homographs does not result in a boost to all related material

PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine whether, when a person reads, there is a boost to all material related to the context in Najdi Arabic (NA) as was found in English in was found in Rodd et al. (2013). The study employs Arabic language features of orthographic style and diglossia to answer the research question.Design/methodology/approachForty-two participants were asked to come on two sessions to complete a reading task, a filler task and a word recognition task. The word recognition task included 14 homographs that could mean one thing in Modern Standard Arabic and another in NA.FindingsThe findings show that the assumption that all related materials are ready to be used when readers are exposed to the context is not valid for the two Arabic variants.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of this study was that the participants were all female.Originality/valueThe findings could help writers write better texts to help individuals who struggle with reading comprehension whether it is because of dyslexia, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as when researchers understand how priming works, they might be able to help readers in their reading fluency and comprehension (Rodd et al., 2016). This could be by producing better texts to comprehend or using semantic priming in classroom setups.

The portals of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Kyiv

The compositional features were considered and the portals of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were classified. in Kyiv. Their symbolism, structure and structural construction, stylistics and characteristic architectural and decorative features were studied. The purpose of the study: to investigate and analyze the compositional, stylistic and semantic features of the portals of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. in Kyiv, to develop the principles of classification of portals and conduct their classification. Methodology. The research was conducted on the basis of the following methods: empirical, theoretical and empirical-theoretical. The empirical method includes observation, photo-fixation, graphic sketches and constructions, comparisons and generalizations. Theoretical techniques include: going from the abstract to the concrete, abstraction, concretization, identification and separation. Most of the work was carried out using empirical and theoretical methods. The results. Photographs, graphic sketches and classification of building portals of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were carried out. in Kyiv based on the developed compositional-constructive and stylistic principles of classification. It was found that the portals are located mainly on the main compositional axes of the facades of historical buildings, namely on the main vertical divisions, which are highlighted by risalites, bay windows, attics, towers and often changed scale and shape of windows. The role of the portals in the overall composition of the building and the problem of violation of the compositional integrity of the facades due to the replacement or destruction of individual parts and elements of the portals have been revealed. In particular, as a result of unsuccessful repairs and renovations in some buildings of the historical center, the entrance doors were replaced with faceless, rough, unscaled ones, which distorted not only individual facades, but also entire sections of the urban environment. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the research lies in the identification of the compositional and semantic features of the portals of the facades of Kyiv buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as in the detailed analysis of the compositional structure, constructive and stylistic components of the portals. A scientific novelty is the developed classification of the portals of the historical buildings of Kyiv. The research will contribute to the deepening of theoretical and practical knowledge about the peculiarities of Kyiv portals of the specified period, which can be used in the restoration and reconstruction of buildings of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. in Kyiv. The developed classification of portals will be a useful educational reference material for students - future architects and designers who are interested in the peculiarities of Kyiv's historical buildings.

Stylistic and iconographic features and evolution of the Luccan school of painting through the example of painted crosses made by the Berlinghieri's workshop

Stylistic and iconographic features and evolution of the Luccan school of painting through the example of painted crosses made by the Berlinghieri's workshop

Lexical and Stylistic Features of Translating Old Russian Literary Monuments into Russian and English Languages (“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”)

This article explores the peculiarities of translating military vocabulary from the Old Russian literary monument “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” into Russian and English languages through the analysis of translations by D.S. Likhachov, O.V. Tvorogov (modern Russian language), V. Nabokov, and I. Petrova (English language). The study employed methods such as the method of complete sampling, contextual analysis method, comparative method, and quantitative analysis method. The research focused on 34 lexical units used in 128 contexts. Based on the conducted study, the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) Translators of the aforementioned work into Russian mostly replaced archaic words with contemporary ones etymologically related to the original word, while preserving archaic words to convey historical color in translations. (2) Translations of the work into English showed translators’ tendency towards fidelity to the original text through the use of full and partial equivalents, approximate translation, and the method of generalization (selecting a word with broader meaning). Thus, the analysis of lexical units and their translation methods into modern Russian and English languages revealed translators' inclination to choose the translation variant closest to the original unit.

Word Formation and Semantic Features of Composites in Verbal Word-Forming Nests With the Base Word ‘Lyubit’/ ‘Lieben’ in Russian and German

The aim of this study is to identify the word formation, semantic, and stylistic features of words with complex bases within Russian and German verb nests, centered around the base verbs lyubit’ / lieben (‘to love’). This research unveils the word-forming and semantic potential of these base verbs by analyzing their complex derivatives and comparing the composites derived from lyubit’ and lieben. Empirical data were collected through continuous sampling, and the word formation analysis method was employed to describe the formation processes of the units in question. Epidigmatic analysis was utilized to examine their semantic structures, complemented by quantitative assessments of frequency and distribution. The findings indicate that word composition is the predominant method of forming complex words in both languages’ verb nests, with a notable prevalence of composite nouns that exhibit a subordinate relationship between bases and are monosemantic. The study also reveals that while fusion is a method of producing composites in Russian, in German, it is limited to compound words. Reduplication, as seen in Russian composites like lyubish-ne-lyubish (‘love-not-love’), is absent in German. The study concludes, that the analyzed words are integral to the professional lexicon of psychologists, criminologists, biologists, botanists, and others. Beyond their terminological meanings, these complex lexemes encapsulate cultural concepts that mirror the mentalities of Russian and German speakers. Recognizing these concepts is crucial for effective communication across various fields, particularly in professional contexts.

A Comparative Study of Two English Translations of Tao Hua Yuan Ji Based on Gideon Toury̓s Theory of Translation Norms

Tao Hua Yuan Ji, as one of the excellent classical Chinese works written by Tao Yuanming, a well-known idyllist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), is of great importance in the Chinese literary circle for describing a quiet and peaceful pastoral life and embodying the Taoist of seclusion. Nowadays, people can also get new thoughts and insights through rereading this classic work. Based on Toury’s theory of translation norms, this paper conducts a descriptive and interpretive study of comparing Yang Xianyi’s translation of Tao Hua Yuan Ji with Lin Yutang’s one. By analyzing the two translators’ different translation purposes, translation tendencies and translation strategies in the three aspects of preliminary norms, initial norms and operational norms, this paper states that the concrete translation behaviors of Yang Xianyi and Lin Yutang are influenced and restricted by the translation norms, thus their respective versions show different stylistic characteristics in terms of vocabulary, syntax and text. Through unveiling the reasons of the different styles of these two translations, this paper aims to provide some enlightenment for the descriptive translation studies in the process of spreading Chinese culture to the world.

THE TRANSLATION OF S. KING’S “DARK TOWER” NOVEL SERIES AND R. BROWNING’S POEM “CHILDE ROLAND TO THE DARK TOWER CAME”: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT

This article analyzes the formation of the diversity of the genre of the series of novels “The Dark Tower” by Stephen King, as well as the clips of Robert Browning’s poem in the predominant image of the Tower of Roland and the connection with these genre transformations. In the course of the study, the authors analyze the series of novels “The Dark Tower” and the poem “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, in particular, the features of the genres, the compositional and stylistic features inherent in these works. When demonstrating the characteristic features of R. Browning’s and S. King’s creative work, it was found that romanticized fantasy per se includes many genre features that differ from the manifestations of horror and classic fiction: fantasy is a genre in the style of high fantasy and concealment, a fairy tale. At the same time, dark fantasy, although it includes most of the traditional fantasy surroundings, is characterized not so much by the interrelationship between its fantasy elements and the narrative, but rather by the connection between the gothic and the horror types of fiction; there is much less science fiction in dark fantasy than in high fantasy. At the discussion stage, it was determined that the best method for translating the lead when working with two multi-genre works is the comparative method, which is based on a simple principle: “What is it like?” As a result, we came to the conclusion that, on the one hand, the use of a methodological method leads to the fact that in the process of text analysis it is necessary to limit the framework to the conventions of the functional style, the genre uniqueness of the analyzed ones, preserving their artistic orientation and the idiostyle of the author. On the other hand, in this way we get the opportunity to carry out parallel search and optimization of data for its synthesis and translation into the exchange part.

Англоязычный авторский трэвел-блог: жанровые, структурные и прагмастилистические особенност

The aim of the article is to identify genre, structural, pragmatic and stylistic features of English travel blogs. Travel blog as a genre is a form of Internet communication that combines elements of different registers; it is marked by its dialogic, interactive and polycode features, that is a combination of verbal and non-verbal components serving informative, appealing and persuasive purposes. The article uses discourse, pragmastylistic and contextual analyses. It is obvious that the genre features of analyzed messages of the travel blog are speech forms combining neutral and colloquial registers. The blog structure is horizontal with themes arranged in line with posts links behind them. The posts themselves have no rigid structure, the mandatory parts are headlines and subheadlines – rubrics and the final part containing either impressions of the trip, advertising a certain destination and sponsor, or appeal to the readers to discuss the contents and persuade them to go to the described places. The main part of the blog can have rubrics (tips or description of sights and their evaluation); it can be the interchange of trip experiences with their evaluation and photos for each of those. The pragmastylistic features of the narrative are the syntactic means serving expressiveness and stimulating interest in the blog content, as well as in future trips: parallel constructions, inversion, parcellation. Lexical means create an atmosphere of real communication and trustworthiness: the use of abbreviated morphological and grammatical forms, words formed by conversion, idioms, interjections; phonetic-graphic means include graphon, emoticons, multiplication, capitalisation to accentuate certain parts of the utterance and convey emotions. The paper concludes that both linguistic and extralinguistic means reflect the key genre features and serve the author’s purpose – to get and keep the readers interested, to persuade them to act. The research material were 113 pragmastylistic language units from 15 posts of an English travel blog, where the author shares with the subscribers her impressions of travelling in Europe, Asia and Latin America. The American blogger and freelance journalist Ciara Jonson was chosen due to her blogs being ranked as one of the best travel blogs by travel editions and other bloggers.

Khūrigān: a Recently Discovered Post-Achaemanid Rock-Cut Tomb near Naqsh-e Rostam, Iran

Abstract Near the northwestern-southeastern foothills of the Marvdasht plain in Fars province, lie a range of ancient necropoleis which date from the reign of Darius I, the Achaemenid king and until the first century after the Muslim conquest. The well-known necropoleis of Naqsh-e Rostam and Persepolis have the most complex tombs among them. However, there are other burials in this region, although smaller and simpler or even imitative, which have considerable archeological importance, since they provide information for the social and political understanding of their time of creation, often known as the dark ages. The present study aims to introduce and analyze the structural-chronological features of the rock-cut tomb of Khūrigān, one of the recent discoveries near Naqsh-e Rostam. Regarding the architectural and stylistic characteristics of the tomb and its context, as well as considering its archeological landscape and using historical information, the period from the last century of the Achaemenid reign until the beginning of the Sassanid dynasty is considered for the general chronology of this tomb; however, through applying a more detailed perspective, we can attribute the chronology of this tomb to the first half of the 3rd until the 1st century BC.

Two-phase creative texts as a new genre of congratulatory discourse

This article describes a new genre of congratulatory discourse two-phase creative texts. It analyzes the texts of modern greeting cards, as well as texts on bento cakes and substantiates the legitimacy of identifying this genre, taking into account a number of genre-forming features. We claim that the text of a creative greeting card has moved from paper to a confectionery product, that is, the creative greeting card (literally and figuratively) is now the cake and its packaging. The article proves that two-phase creative texts have a special structure they are parceled and placed on different surfaces, that is, locally separated, due to which a two-stage perception of the text occurs. This structure increases the pragmatic potential of texts of this genre and determines the mechanism of their linguistic creativity. The functional feature of these texts is their pronounced humorous dominant, colloquial nature, playfully ironic tone, unpredictability of the second part semantics of the text, which affects its stylistic characteristics. Two-phase creative texts are also characterized by precedent. The article connects the emergence of two-phase creative texts with the development of congratulatory discourse and the strengthening of the mass linguistic creativity role in modern society.

LEXICAL FEATURES OF THE OFFICIAL AND BUSINESS STYLE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND THE CHINESE LANGUAGE ON THE MATERIAL OF THE “JOINT STATEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS AND STRATEGIC INTERACTION ENTERING A NEW ERA”

Based on the “Joint Statement of the Russian Federation and China” in 2019, the article is devoted to the problem of lexical features of the official business style of the Russian language and Chinese. The article reveals the definition of official business style according to the opinions of Russian and Chinese scientists, analyzes the main lexical features, compares the similarities and differences of lexical features between Russian and Chinese.

THE EVOLUTION OF CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY IN THE VI-VII CENTURIES

The II-III centuries represented the period of the birth of Christian sacred art through Christians imitating the custom of pagans, from whose ranks most of them came, to decorate their graves, sarcophagi or mausoleums with images and even by borrowing some pagan symbols and themes, to which they obviously gave a new, Christian meaning, to which, of course, exclusively Christian themes were added, most often of biblical origin, most of them having a narrative-historical character. In the 4th-5th centuries, under the careful supervision of the Church, a synthesis was made regarding the themes addressed, by abandoning some, by taking over others from the imperial imaginary, prevalence acquiring a dogmatic character, from the desire to express and through the mediation of figurative art, not only through the poetic, transposed into songs, the truths of faith formulated at the first four ecumenical synods, but also in terms of styles. In this second stage of the history of Christian sacred art, especially in the 5th century, as a result of the synthesis achieved in the capital of the empire between the two great artistic currents that manifested themselves in painting, the Hellenistic-Alexandrian and the SyroPalestinian, was formed the Constantinopolitan painting school and the stylistic features specific to this school crystallized . The present study aims to point out the main characteristics and developments of Christian sacred art in the Byzantine Empire starting from the time of Emperor Justinian I until the outbreak of Byzantine iconoclasm.

The Manuscript of Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad al-Ḥifẓī as a Source for the History of Asir in the 13th Hijri Century: An Analytical Study

Abstract This article discusses the manuscript of Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad al-Ḥifẓī, which is one of the historical sources that recorded events in Asir during the period ah 1213-1269/1798-1862. The study focuses on its author, the polymath and qadi ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad al-Ḥifẓī, and his son, the qadi Ḥasan ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, who continued his father’s work recording historical events. It attempts to discover the circumstances under which the work was written and the historical context that played a role in prompting the polymath and qadi al-Ḥifẓī and his son to write their history in this fashion. It also attempts to show the methodological and stylistic characteristics of the work as well as to consider the topics discussed and the sources relied on in writing the manuscript.

Проблема формирования стиля специального языка (на материале английского языка радиообмена в авиации)

The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the presence of an independent functional style of Aviation English indicates the existence of prerequisites for the formation of functional styles inherent in other professional languages, taking into account the peculiarities of their architectonics and the conditions in which they are used. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that until now, the specific characteristics of the functional style of a professional language that make it an independent linguistic phenomenon have not been defined. The paper is the first to formulate the mandatory requirements for the architectonics of a professional language as a combination of its lexical, grammatical and phonetic systems used for communication by specialists in various fields and for the characteristic features of speech situations in a domain of professional activity. As a result, it is proven that only a fully formed architectonics of a particular professional language, allowing it to be used effectively in typical speech situations, makes it possible to determine whether this professional language has a full-fledged independent functional style.

STEF: a Swin Transformer-Based Enhanced Feature Pyramid Fusion Model for Dongba character detection

The Dongba manuscripts are a unique primitive pictographic writing system that originated among the Naxi people of Lijiang, China, boasting over a thousand years of history. The uniqueness of the Dongba manuscripts stems from their pronounced pictorial and ideographic characteristics. However, the digital preservation and inheritance of Dongba manu manuscripts face multiple challenges, including extracting its rich semantic information, recognizing individual characters, retrieving Dongba manuscripts, and automatically interpreting the meanings of Dongba manuscripts. Developing efficient Dongba character detection technology has become a key research focus, wherein establishing a standardized Dongba detection dataset is crucial for training and evaluating techniques. In this study, we have created a comprehensive Dongba manuscripts detection dataset covering various commonly used Dongba characters and vocabularies. Additionally, we propose a model named STEF. Firstly, the Swin Transformer extracts the complex structures and diverse shapes of Dongba manuscripts’ features. Then, by introducing a Feature Pyramid Enhancement Module, features of different sizes are cascaded to preserve multi-scale information. Subsequently, all features are fused in a FUSION module, resulting in features of various Dongba manuscript styles. Each pixel’s binarisation threshold is dynamically adjusted through a differentiable binarisation operation, accurately distinguishing between foreground Dongba manuscripts and background. Lastly, deformable convolution is introduced, allowing the model to dynamically adjust the convolution kernel’s size and shape based on the Dongba manuscripts’ size, thereby better capturing the detailed information of Dongba characters of different sizes. Experimental results show that STEF achieves a recall rate of 88.88%, a precision rate of 88.65%, and an F-measure of 88.76%, outperforming other text detection algorithms. Visualization experiments demonstrate that STEF performs well in detecting Dongba manuscripts of various sizes, shapes, and styles, especially in blurred handwriting and complex backgrounds.

Implementation of Cognitive Learning Theory Through Coaching Techniques to Understand The Character of Students In Elementary School

The purpose of writing this research mini-research is to provide information to readers about how teaching techniques can be applied in education to understand student characteristics to maximize learning. The research method used is qualitative method (literature research), information obtained from various sources such as books, related magazines and phenomenology. The results showed that the application of effective training techniques was: (1) The existence of training; (2) active listening; (3) Effective research. With the correct application of technical competence in training, it can be understood the characteristics of student learning styles, such as; visual learning (learning by seeing), auditory learning (learning and listening), and kinesthetic learning (learning by doing). Teachers can create a more flexible learning environment and develop more effective teaching methods and strategies. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that understanding the characteristics of students both in terms of intelligence and different learning styles can contribute to the emergence of a sense of comfort in learning at school. Learning cannot run well if the techniques or concepts used are the same because students have different characteristics. The application of coaching techniques increases the success of achieving learning objectives without putting pressure on students. In this mode, learning occurs naturally within students, so that learning objectives are easily achieved and beneficial for both teachers and students.

Ornamental decoration of a dagger from Aytkulovo: results of graphic analysis

Bone ornamented items of the end of the Paleolithic — Mesolithic periods are very rare in the south of Western Siberia. While some of them have dating context, others are accidental finds. Despite the circumstances of their discovery and limited amount of relevant information, there is a need to consider the issues of dominant subjects, compositional morphology, technical execution of ornaments covering their surfaces and relations with the materials of adjacent territories, mainly the Ural region. The study presents the results of a palaeographic analysis of ornamental patterns (texts) created presumably in the Epipaleolithic and which are rather rare in terms of morphology. The study is focused on the ornament of a dagger from Aytkulovo. The bone artefact was accidentally discovered in July 1976 near the village of Aytkulovo on a shoal at the mouth of River Murlinka (Tara district, Omsk region). Stylistic and compositional analogues of the dagger in the Middle Irtysh region are unknown. The preservation of the artefact is satisfactory, which allows analyzing its ornamental composition. The dagger’s ornamentation consists of two iconic layers, each of them can be attributed to different chronological episodes (phases). Such combination of the non synchronous ornamental texts on a single artefact is a true rarity in paleoornamentology. While objects of the first ornamental layer form the frame of the composition, the overlapping additional elements of the second layer were added in a later chronological episode. The observed differences of the first and the second layers in specific taphonomic, technological, stylistic and graphic features raise the question of a chronological gap in their creation. The graphic and stylistic originality of the iconic design of the dagger suggests that its ornamental pattern can be considered as a “graphic dialect” belonging to a more global ornamental tradition (its preliminary name was “Ural-Chernoozerye”). The obtained results confirm the being-developed thesis about the existence of a single cultural community in the southern Trans-Urals and in the south-west of Western Siberia during the late Palaeolithic — early Mesolithic period. This community is represented by the local mutually contacting groups which used similar graphic principles of information transfer. The process of interpenetration and blending of local traditions led not only to exchange of technological innovation but also to emergence of the composite graphic “dialects” similar to the one in Aytkulovo.