Supervision Styles Research Articles

Market reaction to supranational banking supervision in Europe: Do firm- and country-specific factors matter?

This paper investigates the financial market´s perception regarding the effectiveness of the Single Supervisory Mechanism in Europe. Do investors believe that centralized supervision adds value compared to multiple supervision? . Do they feel uncertain about the supervisory role of the ECB? To answer these questions, a sample of 118 European Banks has been used finding that whereas in early dates the market reaction was positive reflecting the expectation of greater stability, it turned negative at the time the scope of the supervision was limited to only a group of banks. As might be expected, the reaction is significantly more negative for the directly supervised entities, anticipating a different and more demanding style of supervision that could lead to higher cost. This negative wealth effect is intensified for banks with higher price-to-book ratios or those located in countries with more developed financial systems and better investor protection. However, solvency and productivity firm indicators or low levels of perceived corruption moderate it. This research not only highlights the doubts and uncertainty of investors about the final applications of the SSM, but it could be also useful for policy makers and regulators in order to achieve a more harmonized supervision that improves the credibility of the systems and promote financial stability.

Social Work Supervision in a Developing Country Experiences of Students

This article examines student supervision in social work education using a qualitative multi-case study design. The voices of current and past students at three unique, heterogeneous and diverse field instruction sites in developing South Africa highlight perceptions of varied supervision models, supervisory practices and students’ coping mechanisms when faced with supervision challenges. Insights are provided into challenges experienced by final year students when faced with alleged unethical and unprofessional supervisory practices. This article contributes to debates on the quality, nature, models and styles of supervision, and provides unique insight into student learning styles and coping mechanisms.

An Empirical Investigation of Supervisory Management Styles and Associated Factors for Postgraduate Level Research Supervision

Based on the dynamic model of supervisory management styles this research focused on the empirical verification of the preferred supervisory management styles and their associated baseline characteristics of supervisors and supervisees. The study used a mixed-methods research approach and conducted in two phases. In the first phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted from 30 supervisors from different disciplines to get an overview of the context specific supervision problems faced by supervisors and their approaches to solve them during the different research stages. These interviews helped to develop items of supervisory management styles questionnaire (SMSQ). This questionnaire was based on 12 different situations. In the second phase, supervisors and supervisees from the 13 different universities of Punjab were selected purposively to respond the supervisory management styles questionnaire. The chi-square tests were performed to analyze the preferred supervisory management styles and their association with personal, academic and institutional characteristics of supervisors and supervisees. The results showed significant influence of the supervisees’ background profile characteristics and supervisors’ administrative position on the adoption of a particular supervisory management style at postgraduate level. The study identified the baseline characteristics associated with different supervision styles that may help to resolve possible supervisory alignment conflicts

Motivation factors affecting the job attitude of medical doctors and the organizational performance of public hospitals in Warsaw, Poland

BackgroundThis paper examines the relationship between selected motivation factors that affect the attitude to work among medical doctors at public hospitals and the organizational performance of hospitals.MethodsThis study was based on World Health Organization questionnaires designed to estimate motivation factors according to Herzberg’s motivation theory and to measure the level of organizational performance of hospitals by using the McKinsey model. A survey was conducted among physicians (n = 249) with either surgical (operative) or nonsurgical (conservative) specialty in 22 departments/units of general public hospitals in Warsaw, Poland.The relationship between the chosen job motivation factors and organizational effectiveness was determined using Spearman’s rank correlation. Furthermore, 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The independent samples t-test was used to confirm statistically significant differences between the independent groups. Normality of the data was tested by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.ResultsThe survey revealed that motivation factors related to “quality and style of supervision” have the highest effect on the organizational performance of hospitals (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.490; p < 0.001), whereas “performance feedback” has the lowest effect on organizational performance according to the surveyed healthcare professionals (54% of physicians).ConclusionThe principles of Individual Performance Review should be incorporated into strategies designed to improve the organizational performance of hospitals (with NHS serving as a potential role model) in order to establish specific rules on how to share performance feedback with individual physicians. The present study contributes to literature on human resource management in the healthcare sector and highlights the importance of nonfinancial aspects in improving the organizational performance of hospitals.

THE FACT THAT THE EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISORS IN THE SULTANATE OF OMAN HAVE KNOWN THE EVOLUTIONARY SUPERVISION STYLE AND THE EXTENT OF THEIR APPLICATION FROM THEIR POINT OF VIEW

This study aimed to reveal the reality of educational supervisors in the Sultanate of Oman recognizing the evolutionary supervisory pattern and the extent of their application from their point of view, as well as revealing the impact of the study variables (gender, years of experience) in it, and the researcher used the descriptive approach, where a questionnaire was built to measure the educational supervisors' recognition in the Sultanate of Oman For the evolutionary supervision pattern and the extent of their application from the point of view of the supervisors themselves, the tool consisted of (21) paragraphs, distributed in two areas: the domain of the knowledge side (9) paragraphs, and the field of the applied side (12) paragraphs. The members of the study sample were randomly chosen. The study sample consisted of (285) supervisors and supervisors, who represent educational supervisors and educational supervisors in all educational directorates in the Sultanate of Oman. The results of the study showed that the reality of the educational supervisors' awareness (as a whole) in the Sultanate of Oman of the evolutionary supervision style from the point of view of the educational supervisors was (average). And the reality of the application of educational supervisors (as a whole) in the Sultanate of Oman to the evolutionary supervision style from the point of view of educational supervisors was (high). The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the averages (as a whole) and their fields from the point of view of the educational supervisors due to the variable (gender). And the presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the averages (as a whole) and their fields from the point of view of educational supervisors due to the variable (experience) and in favor of a group more than 15 years.

Comparison of management styles of local and foreign hotel chains in Turkey: A cultural perspective

Abstract This study seeks to compare the management styles of local and foreign hotel chains operating in Turkey from a cultural dimensions perspective. It aims to build a link between cultural values and management styles. The data was collected through conducting survey with 596 mid-level and senior managers working in 101 foreign and 66 domestic hotel chains operating in Turkey. The empirical results confirm that there are similarities in all the supervision style, decision-making, communication pattern, control mechanism, interdepartmental relations and paternalistic orientation dimensions of Turkey/United States, France/United Kingdom and United States/United Kingdom-based hotel chains. Furthermore, the results also evidence that there are differences in the supervision style, communication pattern and paternalistic orientation dimensions of Turkey/France and Turkey/United Kingdom-based hotel chains.

Person-Environment Fit Perceptions and Satisfaction at Work

This study aims to fulfil two literature gaps in the person-environment fit theory, in particular, relating to the supply-value fit or S-V fit. Firstly, previous research in S-V fit tended to look mainly at autonomy and supervision style. However, there appears to be no reported research that has simultaneously investigated in a single study, the effects of the discrepancy between the perceived and desired levels of work quantity, variety, power, responsibility and concentration required for the job. This study aims to fill that gap. This study examines the discrepancy between the supplies and values of work quantity, variety, power, responsibility and concentration, and its relationship with satisfaction at work. Secondly, the S-V fit theory has been relatively established in developed countries such as America and Britain. However it would be interesting to discover whether the theory is also applicable among civil service workers in a small isolated town, in a developing country such as Malaysia. Questionnaires were distributed and collected from one hundred respondents working in a government department in a small town of Gua Musang in Peninsular Malaysia. Support for the S-V fit theory was obtained, as results suggested that the greater the discrepancy between the supplies and values of work quantity, variety, power, responsibility and concentration required at work, the lesser was the satisfaction. The implication therefore was that if managers were desirous of improving satisfaction of their workers, they should ensure that their workers receive neither too much nor too little work variety, power, responsibility and concentration at work-for either state can result in lower satisfaction.

Supervisor and Supervisee Expectations [Young Professionals

Discusses different styles of supervision that are based on either structure and support, purpose and process, a supervisor’s knowledge and skills, or the nature and level of supervision required. Reports on these styles in detail and assesses their major strengths and weaknesses.

Current issues in PhD supervision of accounting and finance students: Evidence from Australia and New Zealand

This paper reports on the current trends in accounting and finance PhD supervision in Australia and New Zealand. By examining the various supervision styles adopted by students and supervisors, we identified various tensions, including the influence of performance outcomes that may hinder the vibrant spirit of inquiry that should be intrinsic to the PhD journey and to future academia. Our findings demonstrated both supervisor and student preference for more structured (contractual or directorial) styles of supervision. Changes consistent with this preference include group supervision, the closer alignment of student research topics with supervisor interests, and the preference for certain research paradigms and a focus on journal publications. While students and supervisors regard these changes as key elements in addressing the performance demands associated with PhD outcomes, they present challenges for attaining a balance between product (thesis/contribution to knowledge) and process (students' journeys towards scholarship), together with supervisors' roles therein.

Laissez-faire or guidance? Effective supervision of bachelor theses

ABSTRACT Bachelor thesis supervision involves a supporting goal and an assessment goal, requiring more guidance versus more autonomy and freedom for students, respectively. This paper tests the hypotheses that the final grade of undergraduate bachelor thesis is positively related to a supervisor’s (a) guidance given to and (b) affiliation with the bachelor thesis student/project. To assess these hypotheses, undergraduate students at the FHNW School of Business have been surveyed for three years about their perception and satisfaction with bachelor thesis supervision. This data (n = 189) was combined with student grades before the thesis and their final thesis grades. Our results show supervision to have a measurable impact on the bachelor thesis outcome and most effective when focused on guidance related to goal definition and methodological support. In other areas supervision can, to a certain degree, follow a more laissez-faire supervision style.

Training and maintaining autonomy-supportive supervisory style in low-skilled occupations

AbstractAccording to self-determination theory, employees' well-being is related to the autonomy-supportive style of a supervisor. However, the effect of supervision style on well-being remains understudied in low-skilled occupations. This study employed a mixed-method, multi-level approach to examine the impact of autonomy-supportive training (AST) on supervisors and employees and to identify factors contributing to the maintenance of supervisors' autonomy support (SAS). The quantitative phase evaluated the effect of AST on supervisory style and employees' well-being, with a sample of 44 supervisors and 240 employees in New Zealand. The qualitative phase used focus groups and interview with 15 supervisors to explore factors that could influence the maintenance of SAS. Overall, supervisors can be trained to adopt an autonomy-supportive style, but these skills can also be diluted by organisational factors such as pressures and managerial behaviour. This study contributes to autonomy-supportive style research in order to account for factors affecting the maintenance of SAS in low-skilled occupations.

Superhero or hands-off supervisor? An empirical categorization of PhD supervision styles and student satisfaction in Russian universities

This article presents the results of a cross-institutional survey on PhD students’ supervision at Russian universities. It is aimed at answering three questions concerning (1) styles of PhD supervision and their prevalence, (2) the relation between supervision style and PhD students’ satisfaction with their supervisor, and (3) the relation between supervision style and PhD students’ expected time-to-degree. We propose the empirically driven categorization of six supervision styles: superhero, hands-off supervisor, research practice mediator, dialogue partner, mentor, and research advisor. The most problematic category, characterized by providing no help for PhD students, was named “hands-off supervisors.” For this category PhD students reported the lowest level of satisfaction, and the highest expected time-to degree. Nonetheless, the large share of PhD students who are satisfied with hands-off supervisors may evidence a presence of a disengagement compact between PhD students and supervisors in Russian universities. Two categories of supervisors characterized by the highest level of PhD students’ satisfaction and shortest expected time-to-degree were named “superheroes” and “mentors.” These supervisors are reported to perform managerial and expert functions, which emphasizes the critical importance of these functions.

Supervisory skills training for the neglected supervisors: development and preliminary evaluation of an autonomy-supportive programme

PurposePrevious studies have demonstrated that an autonomy-supportive supervision style is associated with improved well-being and positive behaviours for supervisees. However, autonomy-supportive training (AST) has yet to be tailored to suit supervisors in low-skilled occupations for whom traditional pedagogical approaches may be inappropriate. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and preliminary evaluation of AST for these supervisors, using self-determination theory (SDT) and andragogical principles of adult learning.Design/methodology/approachSDT and andragogical principles were systematically integrated to develop (a 3 h) AST programme. The training sessions were trialled with 11 first-line supervisors in New Zealand as a preliminary evaluation of AST. The evaluation used open-ended questions following Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model and incorporated the trainer’s reflections.FindingsSupervisors found AST relevant, easy to understand and suited to their approach to learning. Trainer’s reflections also provided insight into the challenges in conducting such training for supervisors in low-skilled occupations and the article makes suggestions to address these challenges.Research limitations/implicationsAST can be successfully tailored to first-line supervisors, indicating that an autonomy-supportive style of leadership is relevant for those employed in low-skilled occupations. This initial evaluation provides a foundation for future studies to conduct higher-level assessment of AST.Practical implicationsAST can be utilised to provide first-line supervisors with access to improved leadership development opportunities. Challenges of conducting this kind of training programme in a context of low-skilled occupations are addressed and recommendations made for organisations and trainers.Originality/valueThis study is novel as it demonstrates the development of AST, a leadership skills training, tailored to suit the needs of an understudied group, supervisors in low-skilled occupations.

Evaluation of the Supervision Process, Styles and Alliance in Integrative Psychotherapy. Clinical Study

Evaluation of the Supervision Process, Styles and Alliance in Integrative Psychotherapy. Clinical Study

Ronald Charles David Breslow. 14 March 1931—25 October 2017

Ronald Breslow was one of the leading organic chemists of his generation. He had received the perfect start in gaining a Harvard doctorate at the age of 24 supervised by the legendary Bob Woodward, followed by a year of postdoctoral work in Cambridge with the equally legendary, but scientifically distinct, Alexander Todd. An academic career of 62 years at Columbia University followed, starting in 1955, and scientific success arose quickly. He was a physical organic chemist, using this discipline as a vehicle for tackling all manner of scientific problems and venturing as needed into biology, physics or medicine. He prepared the simplest aromatic species, solved the mechanism of action of Vitamin B1, built bridges between organic chemistry and enzymology, and developed an anti-cancer drug with a distinct enzyme target. Rewards, honours and prestigious lecture invitations arrived throughout his career, in recognition of the scope and originality of his achievements. He met Esther at Harvard, and they married on completion of his PhD. After returning to the USA, she pursued a successful career in biochemistry at Weill Cornell Medical School in New York. They raised two daughters, Stephanie and Karen, who both became successful attorneys. He had strong family values and was very proud of all their achievements. Towards his co-workers, he was open, eager to engage in discussion and committed to supporting them, both during time at Columbia and thereafter. His warmth encouraged positive responses to his style of supervision, and lively discussions. He was an accomplished classical and jazz pianist, the family cook, and they scuba-dived on annual vacations.

Unveiling the Black Box of Diagnostic and Clinical Decision Support Systems for Antenatal Care: Realist Evaluation.

BackgroundDigital innovations have shown promise for improving maternal health service delivery. However, low- and middle-income countries are still at the adoption-utilization stage. Evidence on mobile health has been described as a black box, with gaps in theoretical explanations that account for the ecosystem of health care and their effect on adoption mechanisms. Bliss4Midwives, a modular integrated diagnostic kit to support antenatal care service delivery, was piloted for 1 year in Northern Ghana. Although both users and beneficiaries valued Bliss4Midwives, results from the pilot showed wide variations in usage behavior and duration of use across project sites.ObjectiveTo strengthen the design and implementation of an improved prototype, the study objectives were two-fold: to identify causal factors underlying the variation in Bliss4Midwives usage behavior and understand how to overcome or leverage these in subsequent implementation cycles.MethodsUsing a multiple case study design, a realist evaluation of Bliss4Midwives was conducted. A total of 3 candidate program theories were developed and empirically tested in 6 health facilities grouped into low and moderate usage clusters. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using realist thinking to build configurations that link intervention, context, actors, and mechanisms to program outcomes, by employing inductive and deductive reasoning. Nonparametric t test was used to compare the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of Bliss4Midwives between usage clusters.ResultsWe found no statistically significant differences between the 2 usage clusters. Low to moderate adoption of Bliss4Midwives was better explained by fear, enthusiasm, and high expectations for service delivery, especially in the absence of alternatives. Recognition from pregnant women, peers, supervisors, and the program itself was a crucial mechanism for device utilization. Other supportive mechanisms included ownership, empowerment, motivation, and adaptive responses to the device, such as realignment and negotiation. Champion users displayed high adoption-utilization behavior in contexts of participative or authoritative supervision, yet used the device inconsistently. Intervention-related (technical challenges, device rotation, lack of performance feedback, and refresher training), context-related (staff turnover, competing priorities, and workload), and individual factors (low technological self-efficacy, baseline knowledge, and internal motivation) suppressed utilization mechanisms.ConclusionsThis study shed light on optimal conditions necessary for Bliss4Midwives to thrive in a complex social and organizational setting. Beyond usability and viability studies, advocates of innovative technologies for maternal care need to consider how implementation strategies and contextual factors, such as existing collaborations and supervision styles, trigger mechanisms that influence program outcomes. In addition to informing scale-up of the Bliss4Midwives prototype, our results highlight the need for interventions that are guided by research methods that account for complexity.

Power and hegemony in research supervision: A critical discourse analysis

&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;This qualitative case study research aimed to investigate the notions of power and hegemony in research consultations around the construct of language ideologies. The study employed purposive sampling by selecting two MS (Education) research supervisees with their supervisors. It identified a social wrong of power and hegemony in research supervision practices and with a transformative spirit, hoped to bring about awareness and modifications in research supervision. Methodically, the study followed the analytical approach of Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (1989; 2003). The data were collected through observations and transcriptions of research consultation meetings and interviews of the participants. The textual analysis of case one revealed how language became a source of establishing asymmetrical power relations between the participants. Contrastingly, in case two the consultations were not hinged on language aspects and had more equality and homogeneity between the partners. The finding of the study indicated that language ideologies played a very important role in sustaining the dominant position of the powerful agent, that is, the supervisor. Based on the findings, it is hoped that this research would lead to more democratic styles of supervision and equity and emancipation in supervision as a social practice.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords: &lt;/strong&gt;critical discourse analysis, power and hegemony, language ideologies, research supervision&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Managing Risk or Supporting Desistance? A Longitudinal Study on the Nature and Perceptions of Parole Supervision in the Netherlands

PurposeLittle is known about how ex-prisoners’ parole supervision experiences support or hinder the process of desistance. The aim of this article is to analyse the nature of parole supervision of Dutch (ex-)long-term prisoners in terms of official conditions, as well as the way in which parole officers (POs) and ex-prisoners navigate these conditions. The focus is particularly on the experienced supervision style and how this interacts with different dimensions of efforts at desistance.MethodsTwenty-three Dutch parolees were interviewed in depth at three waves starting in prison up to one year after their release from prison. A thematic analysis was undertaken to analyse the 69 interviews. In addition, the parole files of these ex-prisoners were examined containing information about conditions, violations and sanctions.ResultsParole files revealed the practice of highly engaged parole officers, who worked with parolees to strengthen factors known to foster desistance and tried to accommodate the difficulties of navigating ‘life outside’ after a relatively long prison sentence. However, the interviews showed that most parolees found their parole experience predominantly surveillance-oriented and not very helpful for desistance. Parole was experienced as most beneficial when parole officers were viewed as social workers or mentors and used their discretionary power to adjust conditions creating ‘space’ for trial-and-error.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study suggests that a policy culture and discourse of risk management do not necessarily preclude desistance support in parole supervision in the Netherlands, due to discretionary power of parole officers.

Women in Science Awards

Women in Science Awards

INFLUENCE OF PARENTING STYLES ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGER STATE

The study examined the effects of parenting styles on the academic performance of secondary school students in Niger state, using the Ex – Post Facto design. Two hypotheses were formulated. Sample for the study were 600 SS 2 students randomly selected from 30 secondary schools within the state, using a researcher developed Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) and Standardised Students Continuous Assessment Scores (SCAS) in English and Mathematics. Data was analysed using a One – Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results showed that neither parenting styles nor parenting styles of supervision of children`s schoolwork have significant effect on students’ academic performance. These findings are an indication of the apparent less commitment of parents in their parenting roles. It was recommended that guidance and counselling seminars should be organised for parents on effective parenting skills