Architectural Style Research Articles

A Special Equation between Visual Lightness and the Luxurious Impression of Interior Architecture through the New Classic

This research examines the application of the new classic contemporary style in interior architecture, focusing on achieving luxury and visual lightness. The study highlights the historical evolution of the new classic style and its relevance to modern interior design, emphasizing its suitability for contemporary settings. It addresses challenges such as higher costs, modern lifestyle constraints, and technological limitations. The research also seeks to dispel the misconception that the new classic style is inflexible and heavily reliant on aesthetic richness alone. To explore these themes, various methods were employed, including data collection and evaluation, observation, quantitative analysis, and psychophysical methods. These approaches allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the new classic style's adaptability across different building types, spaces, and cultural contexts. The study also examined the psychological and emotional impacts of this style on occupants. The research resulted in a practical designed for interior designers and enthusiasts, offering guidelines for effectively incorporating the new classic style in contemporary designs. This aims to help balance luxury with visual lightness in various settings, particularly in modern tourist destinations and the hotel industry, providing a detailed approach for applying this style in diverse interior spaces

Cork Façades as an Innovative and Sustainable Approach in Architecture: A Review of Cork Materials, Properties and Case Studies.

Façades give the first impression of a structure, reflecting the overall aesthetic appeal, architectural styles, cultural influences, and technological advancements. Emphasis on sustainability is increasing, with a shift towards eco-friendly and energy-saving materials, triggered by decreasing the environmental impact of construction. Cork is a green competitive material for various engineering and design applications due to its biological formation, sustainable production and a portfolio of properties including low density, impermeability, viscoelastic behaviour and high thermal insulation that derive from its cellular and chemical features. This work presents cork materials used in building façades and their properties, also giving information on cork production and processing into cork-based products as a review of the existing published research, while also identifying knowledge gaps and further research needed. Historical examples of cladding of constructions with raw cork are given, while the contemporary innovative use of cork façades was triggered by some designs of well-known architects with outdoor application of expanded cork agglomerates. Examples of different historical and contemporary constructions were assembled and critically assessed by the authors. The aim is to give integrated information of cork as a natural, renewable and sustainable material to raise the interest of designers, architects and engineers to explore cork, blending aesthetics with environmental responsibility, targeting a more sustainable and resilient built environment.

Construction of Space and Plasticity in the Project of the Tretiakov Gallery Branch in Kaliningrad

This article is a fragment of a systematic scientific study of the design activity of the "Meganom" bureau, conducted within the framework of the author's approach to contemporary Russian architecture.Purpose: To determine the conceptual fundamentals used in the construction of space and plasticity of the Tretyakov Gallery branch, designed by Meganom" bureau in Kaliningrad.Methodology: Building analytical models of the proposed space and plasticity construction in the project of the Tretyakov Gallery branch in Kaliningrad are used.Research findings: The development of the proposed approach and continuity of conceptual ideas is shown. The space and plasticity construction is carried out in the common architectural style taking into account the most striking trends of the world museum architecture, with the preservation of the author's understanding of the archetype of the exhibition space.

Efficient microservices offloading for cost optimization in diverse MEC cloud networks

In recent years, mobile applications have proliferated across domains such as E-banking, Augmented Reality, E-Transportation, and E-Healthcare. These applications are often built using microservices, an architectural style where the application is composed of independently deployable services focusing on specific functionalities. Mobile devices cannot process these microservices locally, so traditionally, cloud-based frameworks using cost-efficient Virtual Machines (VMs) and edge servers have been used to offload these tasks. However, cloud frameworks suffer from extended boot times and high transmission overhead, while edge servers have limited computational resources. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces a Microservices Container-Based Mobile Edge Cloud Computing (MCBMEC) environment and proposes an innovative framework, Optimization Task Scheduling and Computational Offloading with Cost Awareness (OTSCOCA). This framework addresses Resource Matching, Task Sequencing, and Task Scheduling to enhance server utilization, reduce service latency, and improve service bootup times. Empirical results validate the efficacy of MCBMEC and OTSCOCA, demonstrating significant improvements in server efficiency, reduced service latency, faster service bootup times, and notable cost savings. These outcomes underscore the pivotal role of these methodologies in advancing mobile edge computing applications amidst the challenges of edge server limitations and traditional cloud-based approaches.

Development of Functionalist Principles in Architectural Heritage of Le Corbusier. Villa Savoy in Poissy

The article is devoted to one of the most famous residential building projects executed by the French architect Ch.-E. Jeanneret-Gree (Le Corbusier) in the traditions of functionalism. Villa Savoy in Poissy (1928–931) is milestone work in his activity. Upon its completion, Jeanneret-Gree joined the group of outstanding architects, who had the opportunity to freely experiment with the variety of architectural styles (modernism, brutalism, etc.). The paper presents the analysis of the main architectural and design concepts of Jeanneret-Gree, embedded in the general and floor plans, facades, and interiors of this unusual villa.

Baroque Architecture in West Siberia

The article shows the main directions of the architecture development in West Siberia in the 17th and early 20th centuries. Research of the last decades devoted to the artistic and decorative interpretation of stone and wooden buildings is summarized. The mutual effect of their ornaments is noted. It is found that the Baroque style, widely used in the architecture of West Europe and Russia of the 17–18th centuries, is not adequately developed in Siberian cities. Siberian Baroque originated at the beginning of the 20th century, affects mainly religious buildings. In construction of stone residential and public buildings, this style is quite rare.The purpose of this article is to analyze the development of this trend in Siberia. The main focus is on Baroque ornamentation. Baroque elements are widely used in wooden architecture of Siberia in the 19th century. Presently, it draws attention from architectural researchers. The article studies Baroque ornaments in terms of Russian traditions, identifies the relationship between the main architectural styles and customs of wooden architecture and ornaments in Siberia.

Aesthetic Study of Spatial Design in Denis Villeneuve’s Films

Canadian director Denis Villeneuve has carved a distinctive niche in the realm of science fiction cinema with his unique spatial design aesthetics. This paper examines his directorial works including Dune, Blade Runner 2049, and Arrival, exploring how he intricately reveals complex relationships among human emotions, societal structures, and future technologies through natural landscapes, architectural styles, and narrative temporality. Natural landscapes serve not merely as backgrounds but as profound mediators of emotional dialogue with characters. Architectural styles not only align with world-building but also embody technological practicality and functionality. Narrative temporality, employing non-linear structures, deepens inner struggles of characters and exploration of destiny. Villeneuve’s films dazzle not only visually but also provoke profound contemplation on human existence and cosmic significance.

Architectural Design for Data Security in Cloud-based Big Data Systems

التصميم المعماري للنظام هو عملية إبداعية بعد كل شيء. المتطلبات غير الوظيفية وبنية البرامج لها علاقة قوية. يعد أمن النظام أحد الشواغل الكبيرة وهو حاجة ومتطلب غير وظيفي. يجب أن يعتمد الأسلوب والهيكل المعماري المختاران للنظام على متطلبات النظام غير الوظيفية. تُستخدم تقنيات البيانات الضخمة لتخزين كميات هائلة من البيانات التشغيلية في المجال العام. تم اقتراح مخططات هيكل وسلوك النظام التي تستخدم تصميمًا معماريًا آمنًا لنظام يعمل عبر السحابة. تم التحقيق في مكونات مختلفة من البيانات الضخمة في هذا العمل البحثي نظرًا لخطورة القضايا الأمنية التي تركز على الخصوصية والسرية. يعد تأمين البيانات عبر السحابة التي يتم الاستعانة بمصادر خارجية لها مصدر قلق متزايد. هناك مسؤولو قواعد بيانات ضارة من الخارج ومن الداخل يمكنهم الوصول إلى البيانات الخاصة والحساسة وتعديلها ، وبالتالي يمكن أن يكون مزود خدمة قاعدة البيانات مخادعًا. آليات الأمان مطلوبة بالضرورة لحماية البيانات الحساسة الموجودة على السحابات العامة. على مستوى التطبيق ، يضمن الحل المقترح خصوصية وسرية البيانات الموجودة على السحابة. تم إجراء اختبارات مكثفة ، وكانت نتائج هذا البحث كما يلي: كشفت النتائج المسجلة عن اختلافات ذات دلالة إحصائية في النص العادي ومحتويات الوسائط المتعددة (أي الصوت والفيديو) مع قياس الوقت بالمللي ثانية لمجموعات البيانات الصغيرة والمتوسطة والكبيرة.

Guest Editorial: What Engineers Should Know About the Expanding Generative AI Toolkit

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is the art of creating new things inspired by the old. To understand what generative AI does, ask yourself what you would do if you wanted to create a new hit song. You wouldn't want to start from scratch. Instead, you'd listen to 100 popular songs, analyze the rhythms, melodies, and chord progressions. You would learn how these elements are structured and combined. Then, with this knowledge you would use your creativity to mix and match them in new and exciting ways—resulting in a fresh, original song that may be the next big hit. That's essentially what generative AI does. It devours massive amounts of training data, whether it's music, images, text, or scientific data. It learns the underlying patterns and relationships within that data. Then, it uses this knowledge to generate entirely new content that shares characteristics with the training data, but with a unique twist. Generative AI operates like a master mimic, following a three-step process to create entirely new content. 1. Find the building blocks. As mentioned, generative AI begins by analyzing vast amounts of training data. The goal is to identify the underlying building blocks and structures that define the data. For example, different rooms in a house contain different objects—kitchens have different items than bedrooms. Think of it like understanding the grammar of a language or the architectural styles that make up different cityscapes. For example, generative AI trained on cat images would learn to recognize distinct features like ears, whiskers, and fur patterns. 2. Decipher the unwritten rules. Next, it calculates the conditional probability distribution of these structures. In other words, it finds the order and relationship between various structures and the building blocks. Imagine that kitchen again. We know that knives are more likely to be found near cutting boards than, say, pillows, and that a sofa is typically found in front of a TV in the living room. Generative AI quantifies such relationships which allows it to then understand the underlying rules of how likely certain elements are to co-occur and in what order. 3. Perform a bold and creative remix. Finally, armed with this knowledge of building blocks and the rules of their order and structure, generative AI can create entirely new samples. It combines the learned structures and their conditional probabilities in novel ways, producing something entirely new yet rooted in the representations extracted from the training data. This could be a photorealistic image of a cat with unique markings, a catchy song inspired by popular hits, or even a compelling scientific hypothesis based on existing research.

Resistance and stylistic reverence: A typological study of colonial facades in Tlemcen (Algeria)

Abstract In Algeria, which was colonised for over a century, the arrival of the French colonisers led to the introduction of new architectural styles imported from Europe. This adoption of an exogenous style in a different cultural context was only made possible by French military domination. Importing and imposing a style was not always easy, as Algerian resistance was as much stylistic and socio-cultural as it was military. To illustrate this point, we have taken the case of the historic city of Tlemcen (Northwest Algeria), where the French occupiers met with stylistic resistance complicating the achievement of their colonial project. Our research raises the following question: What forms of stylistic resistance are manifested in colonial architecture in the city of Tlemcen? Our aim is to identify the specific characteristics of colonial architecture in Tlemcen, in order to bring out the signs of stylistic resistance that testify to a desire to maintain a local cultural identity despite the colonial influence. The typological analysis of colonial facades serves as a tool and a means of providing in-depth understanding of architectural facades and typological classification in view of the diversity of styles and ornamentation of colonial facades in Tlemcen. This resistance manifests itself in European revivalism in Tlemcen, which involved an exceptional effort aimed simultaneously at composition and a search for stylistic anchorage and originality. It also manifested itself at the level of the native population, who stepped in to protect their cultural heritage and identity against the colonial authorities. Moreover, a certain form of stylistic reverence can be detected, expressed in avoiding pronounced aesthetic or stylistic expressions, favouring instead a more universal and timeless appearance.

Ecological Wisdom and Spatial Form of Traditional Settlements in Southwest Fujian, China

This study focuses on the ecological wisdom and spatial forms of traditional settlements in southwest Fujian, China, aiming to explore the practical experiences of these settlements in ecological planning and sustainable development, as well as their application value in modern society. Through analyzing the distribution status of traditional villages in Fujian Province, this research adopts a combination of document collection and field interviews to deeply investigate the geographical location, climatic characteristics, topographic and hydrological features, and human environmental characteristics of southwest Fujian. In addition, this study provides a detailed description of the architectural styles of southwest Fujian and the landscape elements of traditional villages in the region.In the discussion section, it is pointed out that there is currently a lack of deep understanding of local ecological wisdom, rapid development has led to a lack of macro spatial planning and control, and there is insufficient guidance for the development of villages. The conclusion emphasizes that in order to protect and inherit the ecological wisdom and spatial characteristics of these traditional settlements, it is necessary to strengthen the understanding and respect for local ecological culture, combine modern planning techniques, and develop more forward-looking and practical development plans.This study not only provides a new perspective and methodological support for the protection and development of traditional settlements in southwest Fujian, but also serves as a reference for the research and practice of traditional settlements in other regions.

Ecclesiastical Ergonomics? Human Factors in Traditional and Modern Sacred Architecture

Recent innovations in building materials, design methods, and construction techniques have allowed architects to experiment with new and daring architectural forms. While Modernist and Contemporary architecture may be innovative, its effects on human users tend to be mixed. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of traditional and modern styles of ecclesiastical (church) architecture in supporting certain aspects of human psychological and physiological well-being, namely restorative and focusing effects. A literature review was performed to identify spatial, lighting, and decorative design features thought to support these human factors, with a particular focus on the design theories of Biophilia and Prospect-Refuge. These features were compared to design aspects of traditional and modern church architecture. Traditional architectural styles were found to incorporate more features identified as supporting restorative and focusing effects than modern styles. Recommendations were developed for adjustments to church spaces to improve the subjective experience of visitors.

Architectural traditions in the structures built by cooperative weaver birds.

Humans cooperate to build complex structures with culture-specific architectural styles. However, they are not the only animals to build complex structures nor to have culture. We show that social groups of white-browed sparrow weavers (Plocepasser mahali) build structures (nests for breeding and multiple single-occupant roosts for sleeping) that differ architecturally among groups. Morphological differences are consistent across years and are clear even among groups with territories a few meters apart. These repeatable differences are not explained by among-group variation in local weather conditions, bird size, tree height, or patterns of genetic relatedness. Architectural styles are also robust to the immigration of birds from other groups.

Solar chimney design in rural areas of Anhui, China: CFD simulation, energy and carbon footprint assessment

China is currently undergoing a large-scale renovation of rural buildings. The solar chimney, a passive solar system, emerges as a cost-effective and easily implementable solution, particularly suitable for rural regions. This study designs a solar chimney in the Hui architectural style for renovating residential buildings in rural areas of Anhui province. A selected pilot building serves as the testbed for the solar chimney implementation, with plans to extend the design to other local renovation projects. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to compare various solar chimney configurations and identify the optimal design for the case study. Results from the CFD simulations highlight the optimal configurations for the pilot building's solar chimney design. Additionally, a comparative analysis of heating and cooling energy consumption is conducted between buildings with and without solar chimneys to assess the energy-saving potential. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment evaluates the environmental impacts of solar chimney construction and the environmental benefits during operation. It is revealed that the solar chimney can reduce building energy consumption. The greenhouse gas emissions associated with solar chimney construction can be offset within one year. The study presents an effect diagram illustrating the renovated building with a solar chimney. This study provides valuable insights into the application of solar chimneys in developing rural areas to enhance indoor comfort and promote energy savings. Additionally, it offers guidance for exploring optimal solar chimney configurations for specific geographical regions areas.

Exploring the impact of landscape design on user preferences in shopping centers post the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study explores the impact of landscape design, which has gained importance alongside architectural changes in shopping centers, and investigates preferences in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Although e-commerce has increased during the pandemic, research and societal behaviors suggest that shopping centers will continue to serve as contemporary agoras due to their socialization and leisure functions. However, in response to the pandemic, it is anticipated that newly designed shopping centers will be architecturally conceived as semi-outdoor or outdoor spaces, regardless of climate conditions. This transformation will involve the softening of rigid appearances through landscape elements, making them both ecologically and psychologically sustainable. The number of studies on this subject is limited. To address this knowledge gap, an online survey was conducted with 586 randomly selected users across nine shopping centers located in three major cities of Turkey: Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, with three shopping centers in each city. The survey investigated users' preferences for architectural styles (indoor, semi-outdoor, or outdoor) and landscape design in shopping centers. The findings of the study indicate that post-pandemic, outdoor and semi-outdoor shopping centers are likely to be preferred more frequently. An emphasis is likely to be placed on natural landscape elements such as plants and water features in landscape design. Furthermore, shopping center designs are likely to become simpler, offering comfortable and spacious navigation areas while optimizing parking and transportation conditions. This study is expected to shed light on decision-making processes for future shopping centers. By incorporating consumer preferences, architects can enhance the sustainability of shopping center investments through next-generation design.

STEMing Educational Panorama: Architectural Analysis of Style and Structure

Architectural design is a fundamental intrinsic aspect of human endeavors. This paper aims to provide an analysis of architectural styles and structures at the Technological University of the Philippines—Manila to showcase the different styles and their unique characteristics and how they have shaped the overall visual identity and functionality of the institution. This study used qualitative analysis anchored by a descriptive method to analyze the style and structures of university landmarks. The researchers studied each photo to determine its architectural style, design elements presented, the arrangement of the structure, materials used, and colors. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to future development that considers not only visual appeal but also the functionality and adaptability of the structures to promote an enriched educational experience within the Technological University of the Philippines-Manila. Understanding the impact of architectural choices on students and teachers can encourage a broader societal conversation about investing in educational infrastructure that promotes creativity, engagement, and overall well-being. The study concludes that there are various architectural styles used within the buildings of the university; each style has its own visual identity and functionality. This investigation is recommended to extend its relevance to society by emphasizing the role of well-designed campuses in fostering and enhancing educational settings.

Aranyapur Pancharatna Temple: A Study of its Archaeological and Historical Significance in Cumilla, Bangladesh

Ratna style temple architecture flourished in the Bengal Delta from the mid-17th century to the 19th century. Although there is a clear distinction between the Ratna style temples and the ancient Bengal temples built in the North Indian Nagara and South Indian Dravidian styles, a careful analysis of the architectural structure of the Ratna temples reveals influences from both North and South Indian temple architecture. The incorporation of Indo-Islamic architectural features into Ratna temples, as seen in other contemporary structures like mosques, palaces, and forts, has given this style its uniqueness. This style of temple construction is not found elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent, except in the Bengal region. Among the various Ratna styles, the Pancharatna temple architecture is the most prevalent. The aim of this study is to review the origin and development of the Ratna style temple in Bengal and to provide a brief insight into the amalgamation of various architectural styles in the Pancharatna temples across Bengal by examining the architectural features of the Aranyapur Pancharatna temple in Cumilla. Through field surveys and photographic data analysis, the researcher has identified the architectural characteristics of the Ratna style, including Indo-Islamic and European influences, as well as the indigenous Chala style of Bengal. Additionally, other features of the aforementioned temple, such as its octagonal shape, sanctum sanctorum, arched circumambulatory path, three entrances on three sides, and the curved cornice of the central Ratna, have been compared with those of other Pancharatna temples in Bengal.

Gaya Arsitektur Rumah Istri Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah di Kota Maksum

Kota Maksum is an elite area that was once the residence of the nobles of the Deli Sultanate since the royal family moved from the palace in Labuhan to the Maimun Palace in 1891. The development of Kota Maksum was inseparable from the collaboration between the kingdom and the Dutch colonialists at that time so that the buildings of the Sultanate Many Delis were built by Dutch architects, including the Kota Maksum area. One proof of the legacy of the residence of the Deli nobles in Maksum City today is the house of Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah's wife. This house is the residence of Tengku Khalijah, the wife of Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alamsyah, located in Maksum City. What's unique is that this house still stands strong today, even though it looks like the house is not very well maintained. In this way, the author immediately plunged into the field to see the house. This research aims to reveal the architectural style and ornaments used in the house of Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah's wife in Maksum City. The research method used in this research is a historical approach using data collection techniques through field observations, direct interviews with Tengku Khalijah's descendants, and literature study. The findings from this research show that Tengku Khalijah's house is structurally styled using Dutch colonial architecture which can be seen in elements such as stiles, doors, windows, dormer roofs, roof peak decoration and the use of the dominant color white in the house which is generally also used. on Other Colonial houses. Several typical Malay ornaments with floral motifs are also used in this house.

SwiftWater: A lightweight SwiftFormer-based underwater image enhancement network with auxiliary prompt module

Due to variations in light attenuation underwater and the complexities of light propagation in aquatic environments, underwater images commonly suffer from degradation, such as color distortion, blur, and low contrast. These challenges pose significant obstacles to researchers studying marine resources. In recent years, numerous solutions have been proposed for underwater image enhancement (UIE) tasks, with deep learning-based methods, including those employing convolution and transformer structures, demonstrating promising performance. However, deep learning approaches often encounter issues related to large parameter sizes and substantial computational demands. Addressing these concerns, this paper introduces SwiftWater, a lightweight transformer-based network specifically designed for UIE tasks, featuring a U-Net style architecture. Leveraging the efficient SwiftFormer encoder as the network backbone, we introduce a Hybrid Squeeze and Excitation Block (HSEB) to dynamically adjust representations within skip connections. Additionally, we introduce an Auxiliary Prompt Module (APM) with a Lightweight Prompt Block (LPB) that utilizes the HSV color space of underwater images to enhance training. LPB within APM comprises two modules: the Prompt Generation Module (PGM) for prompt generation and the Lightweight Prompt Interaction Module (LPIM) for prompt-feature interaction, generating rich auxiliary image representations. Compared to existing mainstream UIE methods employing transformer structures, our proposed approach offers reduced parameter counts while achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across both quantitative and qualitative metrics.

Adaption of Neo-Vernacular Architecture in Contemporary Temples in India: Insights from Selected Case Studies

India has a rich cultural diversity, and often faces challenges in the preservation of these cultural traits manifested in traditional architectural values. In fact, it has undergone tremendous changes in its buildings over the years due to modernization which has impacted its architectural landscape. In this context, there is a need for a dynamic response to balance the traditions with innovations and modernity. The call for an architectural style that would minimize environmental impact while honoring local traditions require the development of new concepts. Such concepts also need to meet structural stability requirements and incorporate technological interventions. In fact, these give rise to a style often known as Neo-Vernacular architecture. This paper explores the integration of Neo-Vernacular elements and their role in the traditional Indian temples and how they affect the multifaceted functions. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method. It focuses on case studies of three temples from different regions to explore the characteristics and principles of Neo-Vernacular architecture. Data was collected through site visits to these three Temples: Lotus Temple in New Delhi, the Temple of Shiva in Barmer, Rajasthan and Nandyal Balaji Temple in Andhra Pradesh. It also derives data from literature to support these findings. It concludes that the adaption of Neo Vernacular architecture in modern Indian temples marks a crucial juncture where tradition intersects with innovation to transform the built environment. It is argued that this architectural style is significant in preserving cultural heritage while meeting the changing needs of the society.