Style Of Research Research Articles

Akulturasi Hadis dengan Tradisi Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Angkola: Studi di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatera Utara

Acculturation of Hadith with the Marriage Tradition of the Angkola Batak Society:Study in South Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatera This article aims to analyze the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad. which was constructed through the practice of the marriage tradition of the Angkola Batak community in South Tapanuli, North Sumatra. Methodologically, this research was conducted using an ethnomethodological method with an anthropological approach and the science of hadith related to the search matan hadith, the research style was qualitative in the form of field research. This study found that traditional inheritance in the marriage tradition of the Angkola Batak community provides a strengthening space for the implementation of hadith values that arise in the practice of leaving fortune tellers to determine the auspicious day of marriage, abandoning the prohibition of marrying a clan, not carrying out the recommendation to marry the daughter of a mother's brother, carrying out deliberations ( markobar ) customs, wages and advise the bride and groom. The implementation of the Angkola Batak wedding tradition includes five parts. First;: mangaririt boru , asking the bride and groom who will be betel nut, Second: manyapai boru , which is asking a girl who previously did not know if she is willing to live together. Third; manulak sere sahatan , which is delivering the dowry. Fourth; Martahi , namely deliberation for the submission of work (horja). Fifth; mangalehen manganese pamunan means a farewell meal for a daughter because she will be sent to her husband's house. Lastly; mangolat is interpreted with permission. The elements constructed in the Angkola Batak tradition are found in the customary values and behavioural systems of the marriage tradition, which are believed to be the path to a sakinah, mawaddah, wa al-rahmah family life.

Vitalism, Holism, and Metaphorical Dynamics of Hans Spemann’s “Organizer” in the Interwar Period

This paper aims to provide a fresh historical perspective on the debates on vitalism and holism in Germany by analyzing the work of the zoologist Hans Spemann (1869–1941) in the interwar period. Following up previous historical studies, it takes the controversial question about Spemann’s affinity to vitalistic approaches as a starting point. The focus is on Spemann’s holistic research style, and on the shifting meanings of Spemann’s concept of an organizer. It is argued that the organizer concept unfolded multiple layers of meanings (biological, philosophical, and popular) during the 1920s and early 1930s. A detailed analysis of the metaphorical dynamics in Spemann’s writings sheds light on the subtle vitalistic connotations of his experimental work. How Spemann’s work was received by contemporary scientists and philosophers is analyzed briefly, and Spemann’s holism is explored in the broader historical context of the various issues about reductionism and holism and related methodological questions that were so prominently discussed not only in Germany in the 1920s.

Understanding time in qualitative international business research: Towards four styles of temporal theorizing

Time plays an integral role in understanding International Business (IB) phenomena, and so does qualitative inquiry. Despite this, time has received little attention in qualitative IB research. To rectify this, we engage in a qualitative content analysis of qualitative articles published from 1999 until 2020 in the Journal of World Business, Journal of International Business Studies, as well as the Academy of Management Journal, and Journal of Management Studies. Our findings suggest four temporal theorizing styles, namely temporal variation, temporal accumulation, temporal evolution, and temporal story. We add further granularity by distinguishing for each how time (i.e., snapshots, incremental, evolutionary, discursive), and context (detached context, descriptive context, contextual specificity, intertwined context), generate different theorizing outputs (variation, staged process, evolutionary process, (process) story). Our paper contributes by offering researchers a rich vocabulary and conceptual building blocks to engage with different temporal theorizing styles in qualitative IB research.

CHAMPIONS OF UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION STUDIES IN PREŠOV REGION

The article aims to present some generalizations on Ukrainian Translation Studies in the Prešov region of Slovakia and introduce the readers with the most prominent figures representing it. The subject of research is the contribution of translation studies scholars of Prešov region to the development of Ukrainian translation studies and popularization of literature translated from and into Ukrainian among Ukrainians in Slovakia. The study of works by the most active translation studies researchers from Prešov writing in Ukrainian resulted in a general description of the main problems raised by them, as well as short personalized characteristics of the ”research style” of each of these figures. The findings have been achieved by applying such methods as analysis, synthesis, contrasting and comparison. Conclusions: The Ukrainian community of Prešov region is represented by a number of talented translation studies scholars who have actively conducted and continue to conduct research on the basis of translations from Ukrainian and into Ukrainian. Unfortunately, their works is little known among the Ukrainian academic and research community, as many of them have been published in regional publications that do not reach Ukraine or reach libraries only in very limited numbers. Nevertheless, these authors analyze many issues relevant to translation studies, such as the impact of one's own creativity on translation, the role of translators in the development of the literary process, translation strategies, methods and approaches, etc. The works by Mykhailo Roman, Mykhailo Molnar, Lyubytsya Babota, Yosyf Shelepets, Mykola Mushynka, Ivan Matsynskyi, Juriy Kundrat, Ivan Yatskanyn, and others deserve close attention and active use by the Ukrainian scholarly community.

The Saudi Novel Corpus: Design and Compilation

Arabic has recently received significant attention from corpus compilers. This situation has led to the creation of many Arabic corpora that cover various genres, most notably the newswire genre. Yet, Arabic novels, and specifically those authored by Saudi writers, lack the sufficient digital datasets that would enhance corpus linguistic and stylistic studies of these works. Thus, Arabic lags behind English and other European languages in this context. In this paper, we present the Saudi Novels Corpus, built to be a valuable resource for linguistic and stylistic research communities. We specifically present the procedures we followed and the decisions we made in creating the corpus. We describe and clarify the design criteria, data collection methods, process of annotation, and encoding. In addition, we present preliminary results that emerged from the analysis of the corpus content. We consider the work described in this paper as initial steps to bridge the existing gap between corpus linguistics and Arabic literary texts. Further work is planned to improve the quality of the corpus by adding advanced features.

Sarkasme Pada Meme di Media Sosial Instagram

This study aims to determine the stylistic style of Sarcasm in Indonesian memes on Instagram. This study takes a formal object, namely stylistics, and a material object in the form of Indonesian memes on Instagram. The two objects were appointed as research material because they were motivated by meme problems and at least stylistic research in linguistics. The purpose of this study was to determine the analysis of memes through stylistic studies. The method used in this research is descriptive research in the form of qualitative. The data used is in the form of memes taken on Instagram with the condition that the meme uses language styles and language symptoms (majas). The results of this research data analysis are: (1) memes use language as a medium, including written language and images that are mutually supportive for the emotional formation of readers. (2) memes have language style and language symptoms. (3) memes use more than one figure of speech. With the existence of memes in the digital world, such as creating memes in this satirical review, the creative platform for reviews becomes open and diverse. Memes can be humorous as well as thought-provoking material about what's going on. So the meme became a new reaction to the events of the nation, especially in political and social life. Memes clarify attitudes of criticism and irony, but can also create irony and criticism in humour.

The Role of Accountability in Establishing a Welfare State: A Research Analysis in the Context of the Caliphate of Hazrat Umar Farooq

A transparent and unprejudiced system of accountability is a paramount importance to ensure proper functioning of the justice system. Undiscriminated justice system leads a nation to stability and prosperity and a flawed accountability system can cause the destruction of a nation. Presently, the lack of transparent and well-functioning accountability system is biggest hurdle in our way to achieve stable and progressive democracy. This article clarifies the need for accountability in the establishment of the welfare state and the process of accountability in the successful caliphate of Hazrat Umar. Historical research style has been adopted for research. It has been concluded through research that during the caliphate of Hazrat Umar Farooq R.A, the authorities were held accountable with the principles of courage and justice. Not only administrators but also the ruler himself whole heartedly and unquestionably presented himself before the law. His accountability system is a beacon of light for the present political system that could lighten path to a stable, and truly developed country. The research paper recommends that government ministers and other responsible persons should be held accountable if they are dishonest, bribe and misuse the public treasury. Eradication of corruption is possible only through a clear accountability process.

Developmental Stylistics

Abstract Developmental stylistics, a sub-discipline of stylistics, studies the development of and changes in stylistic competence during a speaker’s life. This developmental perspective is under-used in stylistic research. The article summarises current definitions of developmental stylistics and proposes a set of new and complex parameters for a discipline that studies stylistic competence at all stages of life, in both production and reception, and in typical and less typical contexts. It discusses the main factors which make ‘developmental’ research within stylistics problematic, and which may contribute to the fragmented nature of the discipline. The wide range of topics within developmental research often calls for an interdisciplinary approach. The great variability in the way speakers communicate and interact with one another, the limited capacity to make generalisations from the research, and the analysis of various types of ‘imperfect’ language all present significant methodological challenges.

Oil Painting Art Style Extraction Method Based on Image Data Recognition

This paper introduces the background and significance of oil painting art style research and summarizes the concept and development of oil painting. Based on the research of image data recognition technology, a new method of oil painting art style extraction based on image data recognition is proposed. The visual features of oil painting images in hue, lightness, and purity are calculated in color space, which are divided into global color features and local color features. Color image boundaries are obtained by using structures of various scales, and then the boundaries are synthesized by multiscale merging algorithm to obtain the boundary results. Using a module fixing and dividing method, we can get the local area that can best show the characteristics of the writer’s painting style. The oil paintings are described by the key region algorithm, and then their artistic style features are obtained. Experiments show that this method is effective and reliable, and the recognition rate of this algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms. This study not only solves the problem that the selection of local areas is too subjective, but also provides new ideas for the study of oil paintings.

Transformational and Transactional Leadership in the Polish Organizational Context: Validation of the Full and Short Forms of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X Short) is the most frequently used leadership measure in scholarship and organizational practice. However, so far it has not been validated in the Polish context. Therefore, the present study aimed to validate and shorten the MLQ (5X Short) in the Polish organizational setting. A total sample of 1,065 employees (572 women and 493 men) from different organizations took part in two sessions of an online study. Respondents were between 18 and 70 years old (M = 40.1; SD = 12.9) with an average job tenure of 17.00 years (SD = 12.1). In subsample 1 (n = 539), using exploratory factor analysis, a three-factor structure of the MLQ full form (MLQ-FF) was established, comprising transformational-supportive, inspirational goal-oriented, and passive-avoidant leadership. Based on qualitative (i.e., content analysis) and quantitative criteria (psychometric parameters), we constructed an 18-item MLQ short form (MLQ-SF). Both forms were supported by the confirmatory factor analysis in subsample 2 (n = 526). The MLQ-FF and MLQ-SF factors displayed acceptable to high levels of item-related parameters (e.g., intra-class, inter-item, and item-total correlations), as well as scale-related reliability (e.g., internal consistency, temporal stability). Both forms indicated high convergent and predictive validity examined by correlations with authentic leadership and employee's work outcomes (i.e., work satisfaction, work effectiveness, work engagement, and organizational commitment) (subsample 3; n = 691). Our study provided the full and the short form of the MLQ as reliable and valid instruments, potentially suitable to measure leadership styles in academic research and organizational practice.

Who Are the More Dismal Economists? Gender and Language in Academic Economics Research

Research in disciplines outside of economics has found that male-authored articles often exhibit a positivity bias in writing style and are more likely to portray their results as “novel” and “progressive” than female-authored articles. Such positively marketed research has also been found to garner more citations over time. The primary question this research asks is whether writing style in academic economics research differs by gender and, in particular, whether the positivity bias differs by gender. It appears that it does and that this does affect citation rates, to the detriment of articles with any level of female authorship.

Entrepreneurship Education and Intention

The paper aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship intention with mediating roles of entrepreneurship attitude and self-efficacy. In a style of a quantitative research, the paper applied the SPSS version 23.0 and PLS-SEM version 3.0 for the analysis to understand the cause and effect and the mean of the differences in the constructs. As a cross-sectional study, data were collected from 393 HND Students II Business School, Bauchi, Federal Polytechnic Institute, Bauchi State, Nigeria. The result of the research shows a positive and meaningful relationship between entrepreneurship education and attitudes towards entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy and self-efficacy and entrepreneurship intention. Again, a negative impact was empirically proven between entrepreneurship attitude and entrepreneurship intention and entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship intention. However, while testing for mediating effects of entrepreneurship attitude and self-efficacy. The result reveals that entrepreneurship attitude does not mediates the link between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, while self-efficacy links entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. The result confirms with previous studies in this field. Future studies recommends that more research should be carried out in the same institution for instance, from school of engineering, school of general studies to mention but a few. In the same vein, researchers should carry out studies from universities and colleges of education within the region. Again, entrepreneurship attitude should be used to test the moderating effect of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship intention and also a longitudinal study should be carried out.

The intellectual structure of the information systems field: Research styles and publication patterns of North American and European paradigms

This paper identifies the researches that have had the greatest impact on the Information Systems (IS) discipline and analyses the changes that have taken place in the intellectual structure of this discipline within the ongoing paradigmatic debates between Europe and North America. The methodology applies citation analysis and social network analysis to the articles published in four European and North American journals with the highest impact factors in the IS field. The findings of the study reveal a significant difference between the research styles and publication patterns of European and North American research traditions.

Integrating Ecosystem Services into Planning Practice: Situation, Challenges and Inspirations

Ecosystem services (ES)-related decision-making is important to promote sustainable conservation and urban development. However, there is limited information regarding the use of ES research in a planning context. We explored this gap between ES research and planning practice by evaluating whether and to what extent the ES concept is explicitly used in planning and decision-making processes. This paper selected 101 pieces of target literature, reviewed their research status and characteristics, discussed the motivation and interests, and summarized the research content. In particular, we discussed the contributions that demonstrated the significance of incorporating ES into planning and achieved beneficial results. A series of abstract strategic methods and quantitative methodological approaches were used for subsequent reference research. The ES concept existed earlier than the perception in early-stage planning documents, while its practical application was superficial, with insufficient depth, which was a challenge worthy of attention. To identify the research paradigm in previous planning related to ES, we found that ES analyses for planning were largely theory-inspired, rather than practice-inspired, and used the Schön–Stokes model of the wicked and tame to theorize problems in socio-ecological systems. Our study highlighted that Pasteur’s paradigm may be an essential and useful research style for maintaining and improving ES in socio-ecological practice.

AL-FARABI: ANALYSIS OF ARISTOTEL'S PRINCEPLES IN THE STUDY OF LOGIC IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SCIENCE OF HISTORY AND OHILOSOPHY

The era in which he lived contributed to the formation of Abu Nasir al-Farabi as an encyclopedic scientist and the formation of his scientific worldview. Also, in the formation of the spiritual world, Al-Farabi is directly related to the assimilation of the ancient philosophical tradition. More precisely, the philosophy and logic of Aristotle were the theoretical sources of al-Farabi'sideas.Inaddition, the main focus of the article is on al-Farabi's analysis of Aristotle's principles in the study of logic and its further development. Al-Farabi's reputation as the “second teacher” in the world after Aristotle, “the first teacher in the East” is directly related to his skill and improvement of the science of logic. Simply put, the "logic" of the thinker is that it leads a person on the right path, leading to the ability to radically distinguish good from evil, truth from false. This, in turn, helps the person avoid mistakes. Al-Farabi accepting the "logic" of Aristotle, conducts a comprehensive scientific analysis of socio-cultural foundations, allowing society to interpret it in its own way. When studying the theoretical foundations of al-Farabi's doctrine of "logic" and its importance in the texts, the methods of hermeneutic and comparative stylistic research were used.

Riding with the Surging Tide: A Review of MCDM’s Evolution

Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) is a sub-discipline of operations research aimed at evaluating alternatives in consideration of various criteria. It is used by practically everyone in their daily lives and professional settings. Seeing the great value of MCDM, we conduct a comprehensive review to propel its innovation and development forward. Compared with any other reviews, we do not focus on introducing its methods, but on tracing its evolution and characteristics. As a general rule, every discipline has its own developing laws. They can be understood on various levels and can point out the direction the discipline is heading for. We firmly believe that our work can bring insight into MCDM’s frontiers and trend, which can eventually provide guidance on how to conduct the future research. In the first half of the paper, we investigate MCDM’s paradigm through literature review and colloquially divide its story into four stages: the Stone Age, the Iron Age, the Industrial Age and the New Stage. The first three stages symbolise its debut, growth and prosperity. Each one has distinctive thoughts, techniques and application, and to some extent hints the major works of the next stage. Since the turn of the 21st century, the paradigm has been once again experiencing dramatic changes, suggesting that it is on the threshold of a new era. Thus, in the second half of the work, a bibliometric analysis of the present stage ensues. Put simply, we take a global view of the stage by visualizing the stage’s publication quantity, publication distribution, and research categories. Then we design a snowballing co-citation method to explore its movements. The results demonstrate that MCDM is a dynamic, worldwide study for which China is the most productive country and the USA plays a pivot role in scholar communication. Method reviews, straightforward methods and MCDM-oriented fuzzy sets are predominant frontiers. The application, however, always changes with the requirements of the times. Now, it mainly refers to energy, environment, and supplier selection, while issues like sociology, tourism, education, etc. also emerge at a fast speed. Apart from this, experts have gradually shaken off the fetters of the traditional research style and are increasingly willing to structure methods and select application areas with a more personal touch. In the future, how to improve reviews, methods and fuzzy sets, how to understand and draw inspirations from society needs, and how experts can tailor MCDM to accommodate specific problems might be the pressing concerns.

A systematic and critical review of leadership styles in contemporary hospitality: a roadmap and a call for future research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of leadership styles in the hospitality industry. It also demonstrates theories used in hospitality leadership styles research, identifies the main outcomes and highlights gaps for future research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a comprehensive review of the 79 articles on leadership styles in the hospitality context spanning over 13 years (2008–2020) and extends the scope in distinctive means.FindingsThis review has demonstrated that leadership styles research in hospitality has made progress in the past 13 years; however, there are conceptual and empirical overlaps among different leadership styles in hospitality. There is a lack of research on antecedents and integrating theories in studies. This review has revealed that several leadership styles have not been rigorously examined in hospitality research with their outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe search strategy used to find articles published in Web of Science about leadership styles in hospitality was restricted to title to boost the accuracy of the subsequent literature.Practical implicationsBy following the guidance presented in this review, the authors expect to advance and maintain hospitality leadership research to provide substantive insights into the context of hospitality leadership over the coming years.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to undertake a comprehensive understanding of various leadership styles in the hospitality context. This study provides a comprehensive projected research agenda to demonstrate theoretical discourses and empirical research. Overall, this critical review presents a holistic idea of the focus of the prior studies and what should be highlighted in future studies.

Visualising the quality and the evolution of transactional and transformation leadership research: a 16-year bibliometric review

Adding more scope and breadth to the reviews on leadership literature, this paper aims at developing a bibliometric study on 1059 articles that covered transactional and transformational leadership styles research and are published in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus platforms from 2004 to 2019. This bibliometric review implies providing a map of this field using VOSViewer visualisation of co-citation, co-occurrence and co-authorship, and descriptive analysis to show the quality of the publications. The aim of this review is to determine the evolution of research, where this topic raises a greater interest, among which academics, countries and journals, the most relevant affiliations and their collaborations and to identify the research with greater impact, developing several citation analyses. This study draws conclusions and up-to-date insights to provide readers with a preview on the development of transactional and transformational leadership research, along with those who contributed the most to this development and advice for future research.

Could COVID expand the future of addiction research? Long-term implications in the pandemic era.

Background/AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted face‐to‐face research. This has propelled ideas and plans for more remote styles of research and provided new perspectives on conducting research. This paper aimed to identify challenges specific to conducting remote forms of experimental addiction research, although some of these challenges apply to all types of addiction research.ArgumentThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic has led to important lessons for future addiction research. Although remote research has been conducted for decades, little experimental research has been performed remotely. To do so require a new perspective on what research questions we can ask and could also enable preferential capture of those who may be more reluctant to engage in research based in clinical settings. There may, however, be crucial factors that will compromise this process. We illustrate our argument with three real‐world, ongoing case studies centred on gambling behaviour, opioid overdose, and cannabinoid psychopharmacology. We highlight the obstacles to overcome to enable more remote methods of study.ConclusionsThe future of experimental research and, more generally, addiction research, will be shaped by the pandemic and may result in advantages, such as reaching different populations and conducting addiction research in more naturalistic settings.

MYKOLA KOLESSA’S PIANO PRELUDES: PERFORMING ASPECT

Research objective – to carry out a holistic musicological and performingmethodical analysis of piano compositions by M. Kolessa, which will clarify the issue of interpretation of the four preludes and help in pedagogical work on their development for both teachers and students. The research methodology is based on system-analytical and comparative methods. The scientific novelty is to identify the interaction of the synthesis of technical and artistic aspects of “Preludes” by M .Kolessa, the concretization of pianistic tasks of plays, which are based on the analysis of the peculiarities of textural presentation and characteristic meaning-forming features of piano intonation, which will promote the formation of musicians personal interpretive concept and allow to deepen the figurative content of “Preludes”. Conclusions. Based on the musicological and performing analysis of these piano compositions by M. Kolessa, it is proved that they represent the cultural, educational and interpretive value of the Ukrainian concert and pedagogical repertoire and are firmly entrenched in the national cultural space. The ancient genre of prelude was embodied in the Four Preludes of the Galician artist. Through the prism of genre and style research, attention is focused on the using of M. Kolessa in these program songs features of Ukrainian folk music, which are manifested in the harmonic and rhythmic aspects, the introduction of rich melismatics into the piano fabric. Features of the author’s instrumental texture are considered: multifaceted piano presentation, polyphonic and improvisational elements, complex piano technique, as well as all types of pedaling. Perfoming difficulties are outlined, which include professional mastery of differentiation of pianistic texture, rich sound palette, perfect arsenal of technical skills. The unique national musical originality which encourages perfomers to create their own interpretive model. It is emphasized that diversity of performance concepts of the Four Preludes is a valuable presentation of the Ukrainian piano heritage in the world cultural space.