House Style Research Articles

A shift from “habitat pour le plus grand nombre” to “habitat évolutif” in post‐war francophonie: A study on the history of international and regional exchange activity of ATBAT(Atelier des Bâtisseurs), part 2

A shift from “habitat pour le plus grand nombre” to “habitat évolutif” in post‐war francophonie: A study on the history of international and regional exchange activity of ATBAT(Atelier des Bâtisseurs), part 2

Affordable Housing and Cost Reduction Factors for Affordable Housing

"The importance of affordable housing has emerged recently due to the suffering of most urban areas and developing countries in particular from the high rates of population growth and migration to cities, in addition to the conditions of poverty and war, which led to the loss of many families for their housing units. (The need for a comprehensive knowledge framework clarifying the concept of affordable housing, choosing the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) at the local level in light of the country’s urgent need for affordable housing.) Accordingly, the objective of the research was to: (Provide a comprehensive knowledge framework that clarifies the concept of affordable housing and choose the best housing type and cost reduction factors (facilitation aspects) in accordance with local privacy). The research hypothesis : (The factors and means of reducing housing costs (aspects of facilitation mentioned in the research) at the two levels (housing complex and housing unit) as well as choosing the housing style (vertical or horizontal) a role in achieving the principle of affordable housing and solving a large part of the housing crisis. For the purpose of solving this problem, three phases were identified, including the construction of a theoretical framework, which included (4) vocabularies (characteristics of affordable housing, cost-raising factors, cost reduction factors, and dimensions of affordable housing). This is followed by the application of these vocabulary by electing two local samples. The extent of facilitation and comparability between them. The results showed that the vertical building pattern (residential buildings) is characterized by its lack of large areas of residential land, thus it is characterized by being less expensive than horizontal construction. This does not prevent investors from building high-quality residential towers targeting the rich."

An important cultural heritage in the walled city historical texture of Nicosia: “Victoria street ”

Victoria Street is the most important arterial street of Arabahmet Neighborhood, an important part of the walled city of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, which houses the historical city texture. A cultural mosaic embodied in its architectural heritage, the formation of the street texture dates back to the Byzantine period of Cyprus. Beginning in the Lusignan period with the Armenian Church still standing today, the historical street texture did not show any development during the Venetian period. The formation of texture of Victoria Street continued in the Ottoman period, and a symbol of the street and the city, ArabahmetPaşa Mosque and XIX. Century Traditional Turkish Houses have taken place in its texture. The historical street texture saw its most important formation and development process during the British period. Besides many buildings with shops on the ground floor and houses on the upper floors built during this period, concrete buildings of shops and houses, three-floor apartments built towards the end of this period contributed to the shaping of the street. The Catholic Church within the present day historical texture of the street was also built during the British period, and forms the border of the street at its south end. During the Republic of Cyprus period, which began in 1960, concrete shops and houses were built in place of buildings tumbling down, and the development of the street texture continued. However, because of the political strife between the communities in Cyprus, the demographical profile of the street changed and this historical texture was neglected. Later, some of the Traditional Turkish House style buildings were renovated with funding from the United Nations and became functional. The aim of this study is to analyze the formation and development of Victoria Street, which is an important cultural heritage within the historical texture of the walled city of Nicosia, through various historical periods, and to establish the physical and social status and its important place in the city beginning with the first construction of the street texture to the present. Information was gathered from written and visual resources for the study using a qualitative research method. The street texture was examined with a field study and photographed.

Tautomer Standardization in Chemical Databases: Deriving Business Rules from Quantum Chemistry.

Databases of small, potentially bioactive molecules are ubiquitous across the industry and academia. Designed such that each unique compound should appear only once, the multiplicity of ways in which many compounds can be represented means that these databases require methods for standardizing the representation of chemistry. This is commonly achieved through the use of "Chemistry Business Rules", sets of predefined rules that describe the "house style" of the database in question. At Syngenta, the historical approach to the design of chemistry business rules has been to focus on consistency of representation, with chemical relevance given secondary consideration. In this work, we overturn that convention. Through the use of quantum chemistry calculations, we define a set of chemistry business rules for tautomer standardization that reproduces gas-phase energetic preferences. We go on to show that, compared to our historic approach, this method yields tautomers that are in better agreement with those observed experimentally in condensed phases and that are better suited for use in predictive models.

TRADITIONAL VALUES VERSUS MODEM CONVENIENCES: AN ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL COURTYARD AND CONTEMPORARY HOUSE DESIGN TRENDS IN LAHORE

Courtyard house, as one of oldest forms of housing tradition, is a remarkable form of residential architecture due to its attributes of naturally climate controlled spaces, spaces of peace and seclusion and as a central nucleus (a social space) around which domestic life revolves. In Lahore, visible transformation of housing trends has continued after independence (1947) with several emerging issues of growing population, rapid densification and exponentially rising land value. By 1960s and 70s, bungalow style of housing with a flavor of modernism inspired middle and upper middle income people to adopt modern life style. All these facts impelled courtyard style of housing into complete disuse. Researchers and designers are certainly aware of the need to cope with local climatic and energy crisis problems in residential architecture to enhance physical comfort of inhabitants which needs to analyze design and performance patterns of traditional courtyard houses, in comparison to modern detached houses. This research paper, through analysis of two local case studies in Lahore, explores how a courtyard house can be revived with minimal interventions to achieve climatically responsive houses that would be address adequately the climatic concerns. Findings on evolution and aspects of housing typologies (courtyard house, detached and semidetached houses), followed by comparative case studies analysis, and field investigation through questionnaire and interviews supplement research methodology for this paper.

House style recognition using deep convolutional neural network

The recent development in deep learning has opened up a new era of possibilities, once difficult to achieve with conventional methods, to revolutionize image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing. Specifically, image recognition has been widely applied in various areas such as face recognition, object identification for security, and other purposes. Although it is rarely applied to discover new methods for use in architecture, image recognition has great potential in architectural design. For example, it can be used to identify the preference of the client and to design a building that satisfies a client's aesthetic preference.One of the major hurdles of utilizing image recognition in architecture is the architectural styles based on culture, location, and time. For that reason, it is difficult to identify an architectural style by non-trained clients and sometimes certain buildings are composed of different styles that are difficult to identify by experts as one style.This paper explores the possibility of using state-of-the-art image recognition algorithms in house style recognition to find out its limitations and possibilities. Moreover, the paper adopted a convolutional neural network model for classifying house styles in the US. Although the final accuracy is not high due to the lack of image datasets, the trained model performed reasonable predictions with a limited test set. The results show the importance of properly defining style for image recognition to improve its accuracy.

Injury Profile of Hip-Hop Dancers.

This study assessed the injury incidence, mechanisms, and associated potential risk factors for hip-hop, popping, locking, house, and breaking dance styles. Data were collected from June to November 2015. The retrospective cohort study included 146 dancers (female: N = 67; age = 20 ± 4.2 years; males: N = 79; age = 22.9 ± 5.8 years) who completed a questionnaire that collected data concerning training hours, injuries, self-reported injury causes, treatment, and recovery time over the last 5 years. For the last 5 years, 52% (N = 76) of the dancers reported 159 injuries and, in the year prior to the survey, 31.5% (N = 46) reported a total of 75 injuries. Overall, 0.61 injuries (5 years) and 1.156 injuries (1 year) per 1,000 hours exposure time occurred. For breaking, 1.286 injuries (5 years) and 2.456 injuries (1 year) per 1,000 hours exposure time were calculated, while the other dance styles accumulatively reached 0.151 injuries (5 years) and 0.318 injuries (1 year) per 1,000 hours of exposure time. Breakers reported most injuries at the upper extremities, followed by the lower extremities, trunk, and head and neck region. Most injuries in hip-hop occurred at the lower extremities, mainly affecting the knees, followed by groin and ankle. Injuries experienced by popping and locking dancers only involved the lower extremities. In house, the lower extremities were affected most frequently, followed by the trunk. A total of 65.3% of the dancers experienced time loss, with a duration of 12.7 ± 21.3 weeks. Breakers experience significantly more injuries than dancers of the other styles. Injury risk among dancers of all the styles studied can be considered low compared to soccer players, swimmers, and long-distance runners.

Relationship between indoor ambient dose equivalent rates and the architectural style of standalone houses in locations with high naturally occurring radionuclide soil concentrations

There have been numerous studies relating house construction materials with the indoor gamma dose rate mainly coming from natural radionuclide activities. The relationship between the outdoor gamma dose rate and the soil’s naturally occurring radionuclide content is well documented. Few studies, however, have investigated the historical evolution of indoor gamma dose levels due to the principal materials used in house construction in geographical areas where outdoor natural radiation levels are significant. The present work was carried out in an area of Spain with high outdoor gamma dose levels (on average, 0.267 µSv h−1) due to the natural radioactive characteristics of its soils, considering a great variety of standalone houses built from the beginning of the 18th century until today with different styles, architectural techniques, and materials in their construction. The measured ambient dose equivalent rates in thgese houses decreased the more recent the date of their construction was. In conclusion, today’s architectural style for housing, which uses materials of practically universal origin, not only attenuates part of the irradiation due to the composition of a location’s soils but also contributes less to the indoor gamma dose rate due to the relatively low naturally occurring radionuclide concentration of modern building materials.

Modelling vulnerability of Australian housing to severe wind events: past and present

ABSTRACT Vulnerability models for housing during extreme wind events are a critical part of modern catastrophe modelling used to inform insurance pricing, policy-making, emergency management, etc. Historically, the most robust vulnerability model development has taken place in the US. However, since structural systems in the US differ significantly, it is important that Australia-specific models are available and fully described in the literature. Development in Australia has continuously progressed since early works of the 1970s, although much of the research exists in unpublished format. Models from unpublished studies have been used broadly in academia, insurance and by policymakers, in many cases without a clear understanding of underlying assumptions and limitations. The aim of this paper is to provide a review and clarification of these models and introduce the Vulnerability and Adaption to Wind Simulation (VAWS) model, which takes an engineering-based approach. An overview of VAWS program logic and engineering assumptions is presented in addition to a comparison of outputs for one cyclonic region house type with existing models and insurance claims data. For the housing style considered, results suggest that VAWS can provide a better estimate of vulnerability than existing Australian models and those from abroad, not specific to Australian construction.

Establishing and Coordinating a Nationwide Multidisciplinary Study Group: Lessons Learned by the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group.

Establishing and Coordinating a Nationwide Multidisciplinary Study Group: Lessons Learned by the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group.

Table of Contents and Masthead

3 POSITION STATEMENTAMWA Position Statement on Legislation That Negatively Affects the Livelihood of Freelance Medical Communicators
2019 CONFERENCE COVERAGE
4 FREELANCE FORUMSeasoned Freelancers Jam in San Diego>Brian Bass, with commentary from Melissa L. Bogen, Sherri Bowen, Lori De Milto, Cathryn D. Evans, and Ruwaida Vakil
AWARDS8 Harold Swanberg Distinguished Service Award Address OA Expanding Horizons as a Medical Writer>David B. Clemow, PhD, MWC
13 Walter C. Alvarez Award Address OAAware: The Science and Practice of Presence>Daniel J. Siegel, MD
20 John P. McGovern Award Address OA Reluctant Advocacy>Paul Offit, MD
24 OPEN SESSION REPORTS: A selection of the open sessions presented in San Diego.• Influence of Leaders and Servant Leadership• Effective Mentoring of Medical Writers: Principles and Practice• How to Check Consistency and Enforce Your House Style: Using PerfectIt in Regulatory Submissions and Publications• Sharepoint to the Rescue! Using Sharepoint as a Tool to Manage Medical Writing Teams and Client Partnerships• Augmenting Medical Writing With Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Generation• Reporting Drug Metabolism in the Age of Precision Medicine• You Can Find a Diamond in the Rough: Medical Writing Opportunities in Rare Diseases• Text Recycling in Scientific Research Writing: Findings From the Text Recycling Research Project• Using Narratives to Improve Health Literacy and Communicator Credibility• Predatory Publishing: Update on the Current Environment
35 PREVIEWNote from the AMWA Writing Committee Authors of the AMWA-EMWA-ISMPP Statement on Predatory Publishing>Barbara C. Good, Mary Kemper, Donna Simcoe
36 FEATURESurvey Says! The Business and Money of Freelance Medical Communications>Erik MacLaren
41 CALENDAR OF MEETINGS
42 REGULATORY INSIGHTSCommunicating Real-World Evidence for Regulatory Purposes: The RIGOR Checklist>Mary Rofael and Aaron Csicseri
47 AMWA NEWSFrom the President: Appreciating the Value in AMWA>Ann Winter-Vann
Annual Business Meeting
2019-2020 AMWA Board of Directors
ONLINE-ONLY SUPPLEMENT
FROM THE EDTORPreface to the Postconference Issue: Online-Only Supplement>Jim Cozzarin
LETTER TO THE EDITORA Day in the Life of the 2019 AMWA Annual Conference>Phyllis Minick
SPECIAL PRESENTERSan Diego Zoo Kids: Bringing Healing, Happiness, and Hope to Ill Children and Their Families>Debra Erickson
EXHIBITORS: Premium Exhibitors had the opportunity to submit company/service information in brief.
Affiliate Partner Discounts
CONFERENCE PREVIEWShare the Vision—Come Celebrate in Baltimore>Elise Eller

Data challenges and practical aspects of machine learning-based statistical methods for the analyses of poultry data to improve food safety and production efficiency

Abstract Leveraging data collected by commercial poultry requires a deep understanding of the data that are collected. Machine learning (ML)-based techniques are capable of “learning by finding” nonobvious associations and patterns in the data in order to create more reliable, accurate, explanatory, and predictive statistical models. This article provides practical definitions and examples of ML-based statistical approaches for the analysis of poultry production and poultry food safety-based data. In addition to summarizing the literature, two real examples of the supervised machine learning ensemble technique, random forest (RF), are provided with respect to predicting egg weights from a commercial layer farm and identifying the potential causes of a Salmonella outbreak from a commercial broiler facility. Specifically, as an example, for the prediction of egg weights, a training model and a test model were created, and a modification of RF was used to explore the ability to predict egg weights. Results identified multiple variables including Age, Farm Location, Body Weight, Total Eggs, Hens Housed, and House Style which were predictive of the continuous variable Egg Weight. With respect to the accuracy of the variable Egg Weight, the average error between the predicted and actual egg weight was determined to be less than 3%. With respect to broiler food safety, a relational database was constructed and a supervised RF model was developed to identify the predictors of Salmonella in a grow-out farm and associated broiler processing plant. Predictors of Salmonella that included livability, density of birds in the grow-out farm, and breeder age were identified. The task of choosing the most appropriate ML-based model(s) that accounts for the large number of variables common to the poultry industry and addresses the intricate interdependence between several production parameters and inputs while predicting multiple sequential outputs is complex. The use of ML techniques in combination with new data streams including sensors (e.g., visual and audio), IoT, and Web-scraping could offer a more comprehensive, efficient, and timely approach toward evaluating productivity, food safety, and profitability in commercial poultry.

Sylvia S.J. Kennedy 1937–2019

Sylvia S.J. Kennedy 1937–2019

Landscape semiotics and visual / textual analysis in Anglo-American cultural geography

The article focuse is on the landscape understanding from the perspective of semiotics and critical social theory in Anglo-American cultural geography and the method of landscape visual/textual analysis. The history of approaches to landscape understanding and research in Anglo-American cultural geography from the beginning of the XX century to this day is analyzed, as well as the consideration of the landscape in the European Landscape Convention. It was found that the use of the concept of landscape in human geography primarily implies the emphasis on the visual aspect of the built environment. It was found that from the perspective of semiotics, landscapes, in addition to the material (physical) dimension, carry a semantic load, convey meaning, are a system of signs and can be read as text. The axioms for reading the landscape of American geographers P. Lewis and D. Mitchell, and ideas of structuralist semiotics are presented. These theoretical and methodological approaches are applied to study the architectural styles of administrative, residential and commercial buildings, monuments and advertisement in public space, place names and other ways of symbolic marking of space as well as landscapes representation in the media (movies, news, advertisements, paintings, literature). The article also examines the understanding of the landscape from the perspective of critical social theory, according to which they are involved in the construction, maintenance, legitimization and resіstence of social structures (systems of relations), such as national, political, economic, class or gender. The approaches to landscape research discussed in the article are central to the analysis of visual changes of built environment in urban and rural settings, including the process of "decommunization" in Ukraine, landscape involvement in capitalist relations and consumption practices, it commodification and commercialization. It was found that landscapes visual/textual analysis also allows to reveal the values and identities of people expressed in the architectural styles of single-family houses. The application of the considered approaches is important for the improvement of urban planning and architectural regulations in order to create a socially just environment, taking into account the historical, social and cultural context, and the needs of different residents.

Discerning Dangerous Affections in Hell Houses

Drawing on insights from revivalist Jonathan Edwards, philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, and communication theory about inoculation, I examine Hell Houses, haunted house–style events designed to scare audiences into becoming Christians. Performances rely on inoculation to demonize outgroups and reinforce in-group commitment. While scholars identify Edwards as a rhetorical ancestor of Hell House tactics, inoculation reinforces in-group identity in a way that fits Edwards’s critique of “counterfeit love”—excessive in-group affection. The counterfeit love Hell Houses promote is bolstered by what Nietzsche termed ressentiment, Christian morality’s oppositional antagonism. Deconversion narratives from ex-Hell House actors suggest that reifying an oppositional group identity may ultimately undermine evangelistic goals.

Muzeum Papiernictwa w Dusznikach-Zdroju inicjatorem seryjnej nominacji na listę UNESCO najcenniejszych europejskich młynów papierniczych

Młyn papierniczy w Dusznikach-Zdroju powstał przed 1562 r. Dzięki opłacalności produkcji przez wieki był rozbudowywany i zdobiony na wzór dworu szlacheckiego. Od 1968 r. jest siedzibą Muzeum Papiernictwa. W ostatnich latach wzrosła świadomości na temat wartości historycznej młyna. Staraniem muzeum w 2011 r. młyn uzyskał status Pomnika Historii, a w kolejnych latach podjęto zabiegi o wpisanie go na listę UNESCO. Zwiększeniu szans na wpis służy koncepcja seryjnej nominacji obejmującej najcenniejsze młyny papiernicze Europy. Polskie muzeum jest koordynatorem tego projektu. Dotąd podpisano porozumienia dotyczące starań o wspólną nominację z papierniami w Velkich Losinach z Czech i Homburga (dzielnica Triefenstein) w Niemczech, a rozmowy prowadzone są z papiernią w Ambert we Francji. Obecnie we współpracy z prof. Bogusławem Szmyginem muzeum opracowuje analizę porównawczą wszystkich zachowanych młynów papierniczych, która pozwoli wybrać 2-3 kolejnych partnerów.

Structural Durability Assessment of Stilt Houses to Flash Flooding: Case Study of Flash Flood-Affected Sites in Thailand

The ‘stilt house’ is found in many flood-prone areas and represents local wisdom regarding building construction to coexist with floodwaters. Most academic research projects have studied stilt houses based on two types of flood: inundation and coastal flooding. The study of pillar houses in flash floods is very limited. This research investigated whether the main structure of a stilt house could withstand strong water current to determine the suitability of the stilt house for flash flood sites. The study explored the physical appearance of stilt houses in five flash flood areas in Thailand. The styles of stilt houses in each area were simplified to generate models and to then test their tolerance toward moving water. The main findings were: 1) the main structure of the stilt house can resist flood loads at 1.00 m depth with a waterflow speed at 3.05 m/s; 2) the most vulnerable points on the main structure if struck by more rapid, deeper flows of water are the base of the column and the joint between the column and beams; and 3) the horizontal or diagonal bracing members perpendicular to the flow and not above the flood level become water blockades that increase the reactive force to the main structure.

Longshan Temple soundscape

Longshan Temple, built in 1738, is one of the most visited historical religious places in Taipei. Longshan Temple was built with Chinese Siheyuan style, which is a traditional courtyard housing style. The objective of this soundscape pilot study is not only to identify and document the sound sources and paths in the temple but also to learn the perceived affective quality through the assessment of surrounding sound environment. The questionnaire used is suggested by ISO 12913. Binaural audio, video recording, and real-time sound pressure level were taken. The results show that sound from human being is dominated in the temple. The present surrounding sound environment is good with pleasant, eventful, and calm as the perceived qualities. With the measured equivalent sound pressure level at 68.9 dBA and “very loud” as the listening impression of temple, the soundscape of the temple is still rated with the pleasant and appropriated sound environment.

Dispositivo publicitario y desarrollistas urbanos

En este artículo, proponemos un abordaje sociosemiótico de las producciones de sentido del sector autodenominados “Desarrollistas Urbanos” de la ciudad de Córdoba. En un contexto de ocupación clasista del espacio, favorecido por las nuevas formas de intervención en la ciudad, el sector privado se convierte en un actor de peso en las disputas en torno a la producción de ciudad y los modos deseables de habitarla. Proponemos leer estos discursos en el marco de una política urbana, propia de las sociedades contemporáneas, orientada hacia la producción de experiencias.
 Manantiales de Edisur, ubicado en la zona sudoeste de la ciudad, con una extensión de 10 km2 y variada oferta de estilos habitacionales, es un caso paradigmático. Nos interesa reconstruir algunos elementos del dispositivo publicitario (Boito, Espoz y Michelazzo, 2015) que el Grupo Edisur despliega para promocionar su proyecto. Nuestro estudio discurrirá sobre un corpus construido en torno a las plataformas virtuales, específicamente, el segmento “Manantiales” de su página web, su ​landing page ​y la revista digital “Manantiales”. Pretendemos que el análisis nos permita evidenciar el sistema de evaluación social imperante (Medvedev y Bajtín, 1993) sobre lo que puede/debe o no hacerse en el espacio de la ciudad y quiénes pueden/deben hacerlo y por qué.

From stone masonry to emigrant’s mansions. Changes in vernacular architecture in central Portugal

The research made for this purpose was realized to study the connection between the way of life, the climate, the geology and the vernacular architecture in the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, municipality of Sertã, central region of Portugal, where various styles of rural houses can be found. The traditional rural home of this territory is constituted by stone walls, mostly made of shales or granite and has two floors: a lower floor with a place for animals or food storage, and an upper floor with the kitchen/living-room and bedrooms. Usually, both floors are joined by outside stairs. Each available space, for instance under these stairs, is used to keep animals like swine or hens, goats or rabbits, and to store food. Usually there is a piece of ground around the house used for the plantation of vegetables and fruit trees. This kind of home is adapted to the people’s way of living and the climate, using local materials like stone or wood. In the 19th century there was an emigration wave to Brazil. When the people returned they wanted to show their acquired richness and (sometimes) culture to the neighbours in the village and constructed large houses of mansion-type, which didn’t show the strong adaption to the environment anymore, but had other functionalities and a better comfort. As the transportation means improved, the building material was no more limited to the local offer. The emigration from the sixties of the 20th century until today brought new kinds of buildings. Their style was influenced from the country of emigration. There is no more relation to the local style of building. For the construction, modern materials like concrete, tile walls and roof tiles are used. The major conclusions of the research are that the vernacular architecture of the studied region has changed from houses adapted to the climate and the rural way of life, to larger and no more “typical” buildings. The main reasons for this change are the return of emigrants from abroad and its influence, the availability of new materials, the better education and income of the people, the wish to life more comfortably, and the change of the people´s way of life from farming to employment.