Architectural Style Research Articles

Ecological Wisdom and Spatial Form of Traditional Settlements in Southwest Fujian, China

This study focuses on the ecological wisdom and spatial forms of traditional settlements in southwest Fujian, China, aiming to explore the practical experiences of these settlements in ecological planning and sustainable development, as well as their application value in modern society. Through analyzing the distribution status of traditional villages in Fujian Province, this research adopts a combination of document collection and field interviews to deeply investigate the geographical location, climatic characteristics, topographic and hydrological features, and human environmental characteristics of southwest Fujian. In addition, this study provides a detailed description of the architectural styles of southwest Fujian and the landscape elements of traditional villages in the region.In the discussion section, it is pointed out that there is currently a lack of deep understanding of local ecological wisdom, rapid development has led to a lack of macro spatial planning and control, and there is insufficient guidance for the development of villages. The conclusion emphasizes that in order to protect and inherit the ecological wisdom and spatial characteristics of these traditional settlements, it is necessary to strengthen the understanding and respect for local ecological culture, combine modern planning techniques, and develop more forward-looking and practical development plans.This study not only provides a new perspective and methodological support for the protection and development of traditional settlements in southwest Fujian, but also serves as a reference for the research and practice of traditional settlements in other regions.

Ecclesiastical Ergonomics? Human Factors in Traditional and Modern Sacred Architecture

Recent innovations in building materials, design methods, and construction techniques have allowed architects to experiment with new and daring architectural forms. While Modernist and Contemporary architecture may be innovative, its effects on human users tend to be mixed. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of traditional and modern styles of ecclesiastical (church) architecture in supporting certain aspects of human psychological and physiological well-being, namely restorative and focusing effects. A literature review was performed to identify spatial, lighting, and decorative design features thought to support these human factors, with a particular focus on the design theories of Biophilia and Prospect-Refuge. These features were compared to design aspects of traditional and modern church architecture. Traditional architectural styles were found to incorporate more features identified as supporting restorative and focusing effects than modern styles. Recommendations were developed for adjustments to church spaces to improve the subjective experience of visitors.

Architectural traditions in the structures built by cooperative weaver birds.

Humans cooperate to build complex structures with culture-specific architectural styles. However, they are not the only animals to build complex structures nor to have culture. We show that social groups of white-browed sparrow weavers (Plocepasser mahali) build structures (nests for breeding and multiple single-occupant roosts for sleeping) that differ architecturally among groups. Morphological differences are consistent across years and are clear even among groups with territories a few meters apart. These repeatable differences are not explained by among-group variation in local weather conditions, bird size, tree height, or patterns of genetic relatedness. Architectural styles are also robust to the immigration of birds from other groups.

Solar chimney design in rural areas of Anhui, China: CFD simulation, energy and carbon footprint assessment

China is currently undergoing a large-scale renovation of rural buildings. The solar chimney, a passive solar system, emerges as a cost-effective and easily implementable solution, particularly suitable for rural regions. This study designs a solar chimney in the Hui architectural style for renovating residential buildings in rural areas of Anhui province. A selected pilot building serves as the testbed for the solar chimney implementation, with plans to extend the design to other local renovation projects. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to compare various solar chimney configurations and identify the optimal design for the case study. Results from the CFD simulations highlight the optimal configurations for the pilot building's solar chimney design. Additionally, a comparative analysis of heating and cooling energy consumption is conducted between buildings with and without solar chimneys to assess the energy-saving potential. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment evaluates the environmental impacts of solar chimney construction and the environmental benefits during operation. It is revealed that the solar chimney can reduce building energy consumption. The greenhouse gas emissions associated with solar chimney construction can be offset within one year. The study presents an effect diagram illustrating the renovated building with a solar chimney. This study provides valuable insights into the application of solar chimneys in developing rural areas to enhance indoor comfort and promote energy savings. Additionally, it offers guidance for exploring optimal solar chimney configurations for specific geographical regions areas.

Exploring the impact of landscape design on user preferences in shopping centers post the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study explores the impact of landscape design, which has gained importance alongside architectural changes in shopping centers, and investigates preferences in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Although e-commerce has increased during the pandemic, research and societal behaviors suggest that shopping centers will continue to serve as contemporary agoras due to their socialization and leisure functions. However, in response to the pandemic, it is anticipated that newly designed shopping centers will be architecturally conceived as semi-outdoor or outdoor spaces, regardless of climate conditions. This transformation will involve the softening of rigid appearances through landscape elements, making them both ecologically and psychologically sustainable. The number of studies on this subject is limited. To address this knowledge gap, an online survey was conducted with 586 randomly selected users across nine shopping centers located in three major cities of Turkey: Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, with three shopping centers in each city. The survey investigated users' preferences for architectural styles (indoor, semi-outdoor, or outdoor) and landscape design in shopping centers. The findings of the study indicate that post-pandemic, outdoor and semi-outdoor shopping centers are likely to be preferred more frequently. An emphasis is likely to be placed on natural landscape elements such as plants and water features in landscape design. Furthermore, shopping center designs are likely to become simpler, offering comfortable and spacious navigation areas while optimizing parking and transportation conditions. This study is expected to shed light on decision-making processes for future shopping centers. By incorporating consumer preferences, architects can enhance the sustainability of shopping center investments through next-generation design.

STEMing Educational Panorama: Architectural Analysis of Style and Structure

Architectural design is a fundamental intrinsic aspect of human endeavors. This paper aims to provide an analysis of architectural styles and structures at the Technological University of the Philippines—Manila to showcase the different styles and their unique characteristics and how they have shaped the overall visual identity and functionality of the institution. This study used qualitative analysis anchored by a descriptive method to analyze the style and structures of university landmarks. The researchers studied each photo to determine its architectural style, design elements presented, the arrangement of the structure, materials used, and colors. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to future development that considers not only visual appeal but also the functionality and adaptability of the structures to promote an enriched educational experience within the Technological University of the Philippines-Manila. Understanding the impact of architectural choices on students and teachers can encourage a broader societal conversation about investing in educational infrastructure that promotes creativity, engagement, and overall well-being. The study concludes that there are various architectural styles used within the buildings of the university; each style has its own visual identity and functionality. This investigation is recommended to extend its relevance to society by emphasizing the role of well-designed campuses in fostering and enhancing educational settings.

Aranyapur Pancharatna Temple: A Study of its Archaeological and Historical Significance in Cumilla, Bangladesh

Ratna style temple architecture flourished in the Bengal Delta from the mid-17th century to the 19th century. Although there is a clear distinction between the Ratna style temples and the ancient Bengal temples built in the North Indian Nagara and South Indian Dravidian styles, a careful analysis of the architectural structure of the Ratna temples reveals influences from both North and South Indian temple architecture. The incorporation of Indo-Islamic architectural features into Ratna temples, as seen in other contemporary structures like mosques, palaces, and forts, has given this style its uniqueness. This style of temple construction is not found elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent, except in the Bengal region. Among the various Ratna styles, the Pancharatna temple architecture is the most prevalent. The aim of this study is to review the origin and development of the Ratna style temple in Bengal and to provide a brief insight into the amalgamation of various architectural styles in the Pancharatna temples across Bengal by examining the architectural features of the Aranyapur Pancharatna temple in Cumilla. Through field surveys and photographic data analysis, the researcher has identified the architectural characteristics of the Ratna style, including Indo-Islamic and European influences, as well as the indigenous Chala style of Bengal. Additionally, other features of the aforementioned temple, such as its octagonal shape, sanctum sanctorum, arched circumambulatory path, three entrances on three sides, and the curved cornice of the central Ratna, have been compared with those of other Pancharatna temples in Bengal.

Gaya Arsitektur Rumah Istri Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah di Kota Maksum

Kota Maksum is an elite area that was once the residence of the nobles of the Deli Sultanate since the royal family moved from the palace in Labuhan to the Maimun Palace in 1891. The development of Kota Maksum was inseparable from the collaboration between the kingdom and the Dutch colonialists at that time so that the buildings of the Sultanate Many Delis were built by Dutch architects, including the Kota Maksum area. One proof of the legacy of the residence of the Deli nobles in Maksum City today is the house of Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah's wife. This house is the residence of Tengku Khalijah, the wife of Sultan Amaluddin Sani Perkasa Alamsyah, located in Maksum City. What's unique is that this house still stands strong today, even though it looks like the house is not very well maintained. In this way, the author immediately plunged into the field to see the house. This research aims to reveal the architectural style and ornaments used in the house of Sultan Amaluddin Tengku Khalijah's wife in Maksum City. The research method used in this research is a historical approach using data collection techniques through field observations, direct interviews with Tengku Khalijah's descendants, and literature study. The findings from this research show that Tengku Khalijah's house is structurally styled using Dutch colonial architecture which can be seen in elements such as stiles, doors, windows, dormer roofs, roof peak decoration and the use of the dominant color white in the house which is generally also used. on Other Colonial houses. Several typical Malay ornaments with floral motifs are also used in this house.

SwiftWater: A lightweight SwiftFormer-based underwater image enhancement network with auxiliary prompt module

Due to variations in light attenuation underwater and the complexities of light propagation in aquatic environments, underwater images commonly suffer from degradation, such as color distortion, blur, and low contrast. These challenges pose significant obstacles to researchers studying marine resources. In recent years, numerous solutions have been proposed for underwater image enhancement (UIE) tasks, with deep learning-based methods, including those employing convolution and transformer structures, demonstrating promising performance. However, deep learning approaches often encounter issues related to large parameter sizes and substantial computational demands. Addressing these concerns, this paper introduces SwiftWater, a lightweight transformer-based network specifically designed for UIE tasks, featuring a U-Net style architecture. Leveraging the efficient SwiftFormer encoder as the network backbone, we introduce a Hybrid Squeeze and Excitation Block (HSEB) to dynamically adjust representations within skip connections. Additionally, we introduce an Auxiliary Prompt Module (APM) with a Lightweight Prompt Block (LPB) that utilizes the HSV color space of underwater images to enhance training. LPB within APM comprises two modules: the Prompt Generation Module (PGM) for prompt generation and the Lightweight Prompt Interaction Module (LPIM) for prompt-feature interaction, generating rich auxiliary image representations. Compared to existing mainstream UIE methods employing transformer structures, our proposed approach offers reduced parameter counts while achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across both quantitative and qualitative metrics.

Adaption of Neo-Vernacular Architecture in Contemporary Temples in India: Insights from Selected Case Studies

India has a rich cultural diversity, and often faces challenges in the preservation of these cultural traits manifested in traditional architectural values. In fact, it has undergone tremendous changes in its buildings over the years due to modernization which has impacted its architectural landscape. In this context, there is a need for a dynamic response to balance the traditions with innovations and modernity. The call for an architectural style that would minimize environmental impact while honoring local traditions require the development of new concepts. Such concepts also need to meet structural stability requirements and incorporate technological interventions. In fact, these give rise to a style often known as Neo-Vernacular architecture. This paper explores the integration of Neo-Vernacular elements and their role in the traditional Indian temples and how they affect the multifaceted functions. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method. It focuses on case studies of three temples from different regions to explore the characteristics and principles of Neo-Vernacular architecture. Data was collected through site visits to these three Temples: Lotus Temple in New Delhi, the Temple of Shiva in Barmer, Rajasthan and Nandyal Balaji Temple in Andhra Pradesh. It also derives data from literature to support these findings. It concludes that the adaption of Neo Vernacular architecture in modern Indian temples marks a crucial juncture where tradition intersects with innovation to transform the built environment. It is argued that this architectural style is significant in preserving cultural heritage while meeting the changing needs of the society.

Characteristics of Liao Dynasty Architecture in China

The Liao Dynasty architecture is an important part of Chinese architectural history. It inherited the style of the Tang Dynasty and was also deeply influenced by the living habits and residential customs of the Khitan people. Additionally, the widespread influence of Buddhism at the time contributed to the development of a unique architectural style. Liao Dynasty architecture used large building materials, similar to those of the Tang Dynasty. Roofs were elevated with gentle slopes, and columns were columns were set with side column and raised eave to enhance stability. This paper discusses the characteristics of Liao Dynasty architecture by analyzing existing buildings such as the Main Hall of Fengguo Temple, the Shakyamuni Pagoda of Fogong Temple, the Bojia Buddhist Canon Hall, the Main Hall of Shanhua Temple, the Mountain Gate and Guanyin Pavilion of Dule Temple.confusing way of expression, while at the same time quietly dissolving them in a carnivalesque way.

THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE AND HERITAGE ON ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

Institute of Najaf Technical,Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Al-Najaf 31001, IraqCultural and historical settings play a significant role in shaping architectural design. This article delves into the relationship between cultural heritage, architecture, and cultural narratives, looking at how physical environments reflect and shape social practices, historical traditions, and cultural practices. The study emphasizes how architects integrate indigenous materials, cultural symbols, and historical allusions into their designs by comparing and contrasting diverse architectural styles and movements across different areas and eras. A hybrid architectural language incorporating multiple cultural aspects is also addressed in the article, delving into the impact of globalization in this regard. Modern design approaches emphasize cultural sustainability and heritage protection, as seen in case studies from the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia, demonstrating the interconnected nature of culture, history, and architecture. To promote a more sophisticated and context-sensitive method of design that pays tribute to and breathes new life into cultural heritage, the results stress the significance of cultural literacy in architectural training and practice.

Architectural Design Styles and Case Studies from Different Countries

Through the appreciation and comparison of the various architectural styles of the East and the West, this paper studies the architectural form and structure produced in the context of different cultural differences and analyzes them in detail in various aspects. The essay takes the evolution of ancient and modern architectural styles of various countries in the East and West as the background of the study and explores the differences in architectural styles between different geographical countries and the factors that lead to these differences. Through the appreciation and analysis of typical architectural styles of these countries to compare the similarities and differences between the derivation of architectural styles, to explore the details of the characteristics of the architectural structure, to better derive the development trend of architecture and how to effectively help the future progress of architecture, which requires the mutual learning of the art and culture of each country, a joint effort. The exploration of architectural design requires more in-depth understanding and research, more refined through the integration of modern technology and traditional craft art.

The Paradox of Kowloon Walled City: Architectural Anomaly and Social Microcosm

Kowloon Walled City (KWC), formerly the world’s most densely populated place, is an example of urban density and self-organization in opposition to current urban developments, such as NEOM’s The Line, which illustrates the future of envisioned sustainable living. The main research question addressed in this study is: How can principles of self-organization and resilience from densely populated historical urban areas be applied to enhance the sustainability and livability of future planned urban developments? This study investigates the critical components of urban livability and governance amid severe densities by examining the underlying factors that lead to KWC’s unique sort of urban equilibrium and comparing them to the ideas that motivated the creation of The Line. This multidisciplinary research employs qualitative analysis to focus on architectural styles, community interactions, and governance systems. This approach allows for an in-depth examination of the parallels and dissimilarities between natural city evolution and future city planning. Key findings reveal that KWC’s functioning stems from its complex social fabric and adaptable informal governance, providing valuable lessons in resilience and community-driven urban development. The results suggest that the flexibility and community-driven efforts of KWC are essential for ensuring long-term viability, and these aspects may be integrated into contemporary projects such as The Line. The outcomes highlight the potential of combining KWC’s social cohesiveness with The Line’s technology developments to create urban environments that are both robust and sustainable. The results are supported by evidence obtained from historical analysis, which showcases the practical uses of integrating organic and planned urban development concepts.

DOME OF THE SPASO-PREOBRAZHENSKY CHURCH IN POLOTSK (RESEARCH IN 2021)

The Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya сhurch of the Spaso-Efrosinievsky monastery is the most important monument of an-cient Rus’ architecture of the 12th century in Polotsk. The article is devoted to the results of an architectural study of the church in 2021. Then scientists examined the dome of the temple. During the restoration, the plaster from the 18th and 19th centuries was removed. Researchers have discovered traces of decorative and structural elements of the ancient church. Fragments of the decorative decoration of the Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya сhurch changed our understanding of the architectural style and appearance of the temple. Researchers have discovered architectural details never before known on the architectural monuments of ancient Polotsk. Some elements have analogues in other architectural and construction traditions of the 12th century: pavement, arcature belt, fresco painting, etc.

Exploration of Language Landscape and Optimization Strategies in Beijing's South Luogu Lane

South Luogu Lane is the oldest neighborhood in Beijing, preserving the architectural style of the Yuan Dynasty's alleyways, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists. This study focuses on the official and private language landscapes of its main street. Through field visits and photographic documentation, the authors found that the national language dominates, accompanied by English translations, facilitating foreign tourists. However, there are issues of inconsistency and lack of uniformity in the language landscape, such as inconsistent positioning and font sizes. These problems affect the cultural image of South Luogu Lane. Therefore, the authors propose optimization strategies to strengthen the protection of the cultural landscape and promote the sustainable development of South Luogu Lane. The authors hope that these measures will enhance the cultural value of South Luogu Lane, provide a better experience for tourists, and promote its influence as a cultural symbol of Beijing.

Implementation of Cloud Native Architecture in PT XYZ's Accounting System

Microservices are commonly used as an architectural style in SaaS applications. Compared to monolithic architectures, they offer various advantages, such as fault tolerance mechanisms, scalability, and ease of customization. However, microservice architectures cannot stand alone. This is because microservices are based on distributed services and data isolation, and such systems will rely heavily on supporting infrastructure, Therefore, a cloud-native architecture is necessary, taking a philosophical approach to building applications that can fully leverage the cloud-native application model, with the microservice architecture style as one of the key components. This study delves into the integration of cloud-native architecture into the accounting system application of PT XYZ, an IT company specializing in consulting and software integration. The researcher examined the five elements of cloud-native architecture, evaluated them using the twelve-factor app, and identified areas for improvement for PT XYZ

A historical and geometrical analysis of the Sansalvador villa by SfM-MVS photogrammetry

Delving into the essence of the Sansalvador villa requires a meticulous juxtaposition of its original architectural blueprints with a newly formulated planimetry. Conceived by Josep Maria Jujol, this architectural work in Barcelona serves as a prime example to explore his conceptual framework. Its unfinished state, scarcity of planimetric archives of the construction process, and the amalgamation of modernist and organic architectural forms and styles, give this project a distinctive character, exemplifying the architect's singular way of working. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of its historical evolution and conceptualization through an exhaustive analysis of primary source materials alongside the realization of a new detailed photogrammetric survey of the existing construction. By overlaying the emergent planimetry, derived from precise point cloud data collected on-site, onto the original hand-drawings, this meticulous comparative analysis unveils nuanced insights into the project's fundamental principles and the evolutionary trajectory of Jujol within the context of Catalan architectural discourse.

The Artistic Impact of Computer-Aided Design on Building Façade in Nigeria

The visual landscape of our cities is ever- evolving, shaped by the architectural and embedded computer aided design marvels that adorn the urban fabric. Among the myriad elements that contribute to the allure of a building, the artistic impact on its facade holds a distinct significance. The facade, as the external face of a structure, acts as a canvas where artistry and design converge, manifesting an artistic expression that resonates with its surroundings and captivates the human eye. The interplay between art, computer and architecture has been a topic of fascination for centuries, as artists, computer aided design and architects have sought to transcend mere functionality and transform buildings into visually striking works of art. From ancient civilizations to modern metropolises, the artistic impact on building facades has been an enduring reflection of cultural heritage, societal values, and creative ingenuity. This journal aims to delve into the multifaceted aspects of artistic and computerization impact on building facades, exploring the diverse factors that shape this phenomenon and the profound influence it has on our built environment. By delving into the intricate interplay of aesthetics, functionality, and cultural context, we seek to unravel the power of artistic and automation expression in transforming buildings into iconic landmarks. Understanding the artistic and embedded system impact on building facades necessitates an exploration of various dimensions. Examining the influence of cultural context, as different regions and communities in Nigeria imbue their buildings with distinct artistic computerization styles, motifs, and themes rooted in their heritage and traditions. Additionally, architectural coupled with automation system style plays a pivotal role, as different design paradigms demand specific artistic elements and materials to achieve harmony and coherence between form and function. Furthermore, this journal will investigate the impact of the urban environment on artistic automation system expression. The surrounding cityscape, with its diverse architectural and computerization styles, urban planning principles, and contextual demands, serves as a backdrop against which building facades make their artistic and automation statements.

From an arasta bazaar to a piyasa street: the transformation of Direklerarası in Ottoman Istanbul from the 1720s to the 1920s

This article examines the transformation of Direklerarası Street, located on Istanbul’s historical Divanyolu, from the 1720s to the 1920s. Originally built in 1729 as an arasta to generate revenue for Ibrahim Pasha’s madrasa, it featured an innovative architectural style comprising rows of shops facing each other and colonnaded sidewalks. It served as a commercial and social centre for the Janissary Corps until their abolition in 1826. Around the 1860s, Direklerarası integrated into the entertainment and social milieu surrounding Beyazıt Square, particularly during the Ramadan months, and evolved into the primary promenade street of intramural Istanbul with the proliferation of literary cafés, teahouses, and theatres from the 1880s onwards. However, starting from the 1910s, changing socio-cultural and urban dynamics led to the decline of Direklerarası’s reputation and popularity. Conceptualizing Direklerarası as both a spatial entity and a reflection of the cultural dynamics of the late Ottoman capital, this article scrutinizes its transformation driven by social interactions, local entrepreneurship, and political interventions, focusing on spatial experiences, entertainment, spectacle, promenade culture, and clientele.