Summary The Group of Peter and Moses among the Sarcophagi of Rome. The author describes a group of Roman sarcophagi with reliefs carved in a realistic style, with a simplified, “coloristic” technique. He calls this group “The group of Peter and Moses”. Typical exponents of the group are illustrated in plates nos. 1, 3 and 9. The sarcophagi belongs to the period from 315 to about 350 A. D., but their sculptural style can already be traced some years before 300 A. D. The author fixes these dates more exactly than has been done hitherto (usually these sarcophagi are ascribed to the fourth century) but they do not differ greatly from earlier assumptions. For the first time the connection between the sarcophagi and the Arch of Constantine (figs. 7 and 8) is pointed out. In consequence the sculptural style must have its origin in Egyptian porphyry sculpture (Dr. L'Orange has shown the connection between the Arch of Constantine and Egypt). Yet another parallel may, for obvious reasons, be drawn, namely, between the sarcophagi and the tombsculptures of Palmyra (figs. 10 and 11). Thus impulses from Syria and Egypt have together formed the style, which distinguishes the group of Moses and Peter and which already may be traced in the Arch of Constantine and a relief of the reign of Diocletian on the Forum depicting a sacrifice. The narrative style and the lively expression of the faces, however, associates them at the same time with the ancient Roman, perhaps even Etrusean traditions. Other factors confirm the Roman origin of the group of Peter and Moses: firstly its frequent occurence in Rome, and secondly, its relationsship with a large Roman monument, the Arch of Constantine.