Style Guidelines Research Articles

Programming Style: Suggested Guidelines for Writing Code

AbstractSince computer code has become elemental in current research it has become imperative that code should be written clearly and in good style. A program written in a clear, well‐written style is easier to debug and is more useful to those who may want to replicate your work, extend it, speed it up or borrow from it. Clearly, written code is also a useful tool in the training of future researchers. In this paper, we suggest a set of style guidelines and we provide examples of how particular elements of code can be done using the statistical packages Stata, SAS and R. We also present recommendations for how to write code.

USE AND TEACHING OF SEO, VOICE AND TONE GUIEDLIENES:

This qualitative, case-study research analyses workplace English (WE) to determine how the interplay of voice and tone guidelines and search engine optimizations (SEO) guidelines shapes the use of English in marketing content of an IT companies, as well as how much English teaching at the IT company caters to the needs of WE users in that respect. The research is based on two main resources: 1) a corpus of approximately 40 blogs and 100 website news articles which were compiled into a corpus in their draft, reviewed and post-SEO versions and 2) learning materials used in English classes for, allegedly, improving WE, including voice, style and SEO skills. The research was conducted in two phases. First, the revisions and edits in the corpus were identified and mapped to voice, tone, style and SEO guidelines, in order to see if edits do indeed target these aspects of WE use. Secondly, the teaching materials were analyzed to identify how they were crafted to address the main issues identified in the use of WE in respect of tone, voice and, in particular, SEO. This approach is based on the rules of qualitative research in public relations and marketing communication (Daymon & Holloway, 2010). The research shows that, in addition to struggling with voice and tone guidelines, employees also have trouble meeting the SEO guidelines, which may all be due to suboptimal WE teaching and learning materials which put too much emphasis on fine details of English usage, but not on the specialized requirements of IT companies in terms of voice, tone, style and SEO. The research also provides guidelines for improving WE teaching practice in terms of style, voice and, crucially, SEO requirements.

Genre and style constants of B. M. Lyatoshynsky’s choral cycle “From the Past”

Statement of the problem. The creative discoveries by B. M. Lyatoshynsky in choral music sphere played a significant role not only in forming the unique, deeply original musical language of the composer, but also in the further development of Ukrainian choral art. His a cappella choral opuses for a mixed choir based on lyrics by Ukrainian and foreign poets are very revealing in the aspect of innovative searches in the musical art of the 20th century. Recent research and publications. In the musicological literature, Lyatoshynsky’s choral works are considered quite thoroughly in the works of some researchers: I. Liashenko (1991), I. Hulesko (1994), O. Torba (2002), M. Novakovych (2012). A. Lashchenko (2013), O. Kozarenko (2015), V. Moisiiuk & V. Shkoba (2022). In general, the analysis of recent studies showed that the main attention is focused on the verbal-musical contexts and figurative poetics. Among the less studied aspects of Lyatoshynsky’s musical heritage, the issue of studying genre and stylistic features of his a cappella choral music is particularly acute, including the choral cycle “From the Past”, which determine the relevance of the presented article. Objectives, methods and novelty of the research. The purpose of the article is to identify the genre and style parameters of Lyatoshynsky’s choral cycle “From the Past”. For the first time in domestic musicology, the artistic and stylistic features of Lyatoshynsky’s choral cycle “From the Past” were analyzed in the aspect of dialogue between traditions and innovation. A set of general scientific and particular musicological approaches to the phenomenon under consideration was used to reveal the content of the declared topic. Conclusion. The analysis of Lyatoshynsky’s choral cycle “From the Past” allows us to draw conclusion about the innovative nature of this work, which became an “encyclopedia” of new genre and style guidelines in the context of musical culture of the 20th century. We noted that a characteristic attribute of the cycle is a dialogue aimed at understanding and combining different musical styles. In the choral opus, an organic connection is felt both with tradition and with the trends of musical art of the 20th century. When analyzing the choral cycle, it was proved that it is a vivid example of an organic combination of “old” and “new” music. The dialogue of cultural eras is realizing due to such main parameters as polymelodism and polyphonicity. The mentioned features embody the idea of genre-style synthesis in Lyatoshynsky’s compositions connected with such a cultural phenomenon as dialogue.

Fast, free, and functional: An overview of freely-available online citation tools

Freely-available citation tools are popular with students because of their speed and convenience. Some offer the ability to copy and paste a URL and some only allow for manual entry of citation elements. This article offers an overview of the current landscape of freely-available online citation tools and some of the positives and negatives of each. Almost all of the citations these tools create require some editing in order to comply with the style guidelines used in academic writing but they are generally a useful resource for students.

Coherent visual design through attribute-specific feedback: a hybrid approach to intelligent design agents

ABSTRACT The scope of visual design is expanding to promote products and services across digital communication platforms, but support for coherent design with style guides seems limited. Based on the literature on style, coherence and design support tools with different levels of intelligence, we describe coherence in visual design and propose to integrate preset style guidelines and constraints into feedback interactions to support achieving visual coherence. After formative research with expert designers, we prototype a pseudo-AI design support tool to simulate attribute-specific feedback and conduct user research to probe how participants engage with feedback provided by a human wizard acting as an intelligent agent. We analyze patterns of feedback and types of reactions observed in participants’ design processes and outcomes. We then discuss the implications of attribute-specific feedback to describe visual coherence as a meta-property of design, and intelligent agents that guide situational judgements about visual coherence through feedback interactions.

Editar la Palestina

Introduction. The purpose of journalistic style guides is to provide media practitioners with guidance on language to convey a neutral and objective presentation of information. This paper investigates thematic style guides published with a focus on Palestine and analyzes how these style guides construct media bias. Literature Review. In the literature reviewed a structural media bias against Palestinians that favors Israeli narratives is documented in research as an integral part of anglophone mainstream media through the reproduction of Orientalism, Zionist narratives, and anti-Palestinian racism. Methodology. A comparative content analysis was conducted on four thematic style guides, sampling common terms through a grounded theory approach. Results. The results show similarities and differences in the style guides’ definitions, sourcing, and explanations of key terms related to Palestine and its historical, legal, and geographic contexts. Discussion. The style guides notably differ in their content with some perpetuating anti-Palestinian bias in various implicit and explicit ways, such as Nakba denial, questioning Palestinian history, and reproducing Israeli sources and narratives. Conclusions. Our analysis concludes that anti-Palestinian bias and racism are an integral part of some anglophone newsroom policies and practices as implemented in style and editorial guidelines. Thematic style guides on Palestine thus can further perpetuate colonial conquest and anti-indigenous violence.

Call for Submissions

Other| May 01 2023 Call for Submissions Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (2023) 53 (2): 447–449. https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-10416698 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Call for Submissions. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 1 May 2023; 53 (2): 447–449. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-10416698 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies Search Advanced Search The editors invite your submissions to the following issues scheduled to appear in 2024 and 2025. Send one hard copy of the manuscript double-spaced, including endnotes, along with an electronic copy (by e-mail attachment or in a shared folder online), following the style guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed., chap. 14 on documentation). More specific contributor guidelines may be consulted on the journal website. Manuscripts should not exceed 10,000 words inclusive of notes. Illustrations accompanying a manuscript should be submitted ideally in the form of TIFF digital files, and permissions for their reproduction must be provided before publication. Submissions pass through anonymous specialist review before publication. We do not consider articles that have been published elsewhere or are under simultaneous consideration with another publisher. Send to:Edited by Julianne Werlin Volume 54 / Number 3 / September 2024It has now been more than forty years since... You do not currently have access to this content.

Using ChatGPT to produce code for a typical college‐level assignment

AbstractIn this article, I record experiments with ChatGPT to write code for AVL trees, a standard and reasonable sized assignment typically found during the second year in a CS curriculum. I show that it is cumbersome to elicit code that satisfies standard style guidelines. I conclude that a good textbook may be a more efficient way to develop code.

Sensory descriptive analysis of hard ciders from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States.

Although alcoholic or "hard" cider is a beverage of growing popularity throughout the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States (US), the industry lacks a consistent language for describing the sensory quality of its products. The main objective of this research was to explore the sensory attributes that can be used to describe a large representative sample (N=42 samples) of ciders from Virginia, Vermont, and New York, using classical descriptive analysis (DA). The secondary objective of the research was to determine if cider samples' sensory attributes differ based on extrinsic factors, such as style, packaging, and apple varieties. The study was conducted using a standard DA: 8 panelists were trained for 13h to develop a lexicon of aroma, taste, and mouthfeel descriptors for 42 cider samples (15 single varietal ciders, 27 blended ciders). Then, subjects evaluated each cider in duplicate for all descriptive attributes in standard sensory-evaluation conditions. Results were analyzed to determine overall differences among the individual cider samples, geographic origins, cider styles, and packaging formats, as well as significant differences across individual attributes. Herein, we report on 29 attributes that can be used to discriminate cider samples, as well as a subset of attributes which differentiate ciders based on extrinsic product variables. These results provide a framework for describing ciders from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions of the US, which may be further generalizable to other North American ciders. As well, these results highlight the potential for more descriptive, sensory-based style guidelines may inspire future research related to cider production practices and terroir.

Promoting inclusion, diversity, and equity in pain science.

Promoting inclusion, diversity, and equity in pain science.

Call for Submissions

Other| January 01 2023 Call for Submissions Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (2023) 53 (1): 199–201. https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-10189085 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Call for Submissions. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 1 January 2023; 53 (1): 199–201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-10189085 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies Search Advanced Search The editors invite your submissions to the following issues scheduled to appear in 2024. Send one hard copy of the manuscript double-spaced, including endnotes, along with an electronic copy (by e-mail attachment or in a shared folder online), following the style guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed., chap. 14 on documentation). More specific contributor guidelines may be consulted on the journal website. Manuscripts should not exceed 10,000 words inclusive of notes. Illustrations accompanying a manuscript should be submitted ideally in the form of TIFF digital files, and permissions for their reproduction must be provided before publication. Submissions pass through anonymous specialist review before publication. We do not consider articles that have been published elsewhere or are under simultaneous consideration with another publisher. Send to:Volume 54 / Number 2 / May 2024For this open-topic issue of the journal, the editors invite articles that are both informed... You do not currently have access to this content.

Understanding the Differences Between Practice Articles and Applied Research Articles

Understanding the Differences Between Practice Articles and Applied Research Articles

Call for Submissions

The editors invite your submissions to the following issues scheduled to appear in 2024. Send one hard copy of the manuscript double-spaced, including endnotes, along with an electronic copy (by e-mail attachment or in a shared folder online), following the style guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed., chap. 14 on documentation). More specific contributor guidelines may be consulted on the journal website. Manuscripts should not exceed 10,000 words inclusive of notes. Illustrations accompanying a manuscript should be submitted ideally in the form of TIFF digital files, and permissions for their reproduction must be provided before publication. Submissions pass through anonymous specialist review before publication. We do not consider articles that have been published elsewhere or are under simultaneous consideration with another publisher. Send to:Edited by Manuela Bragagnolo and John Jeffries MartinVolume 54 / Number 1 / January 2024Physiognomy was, as is well known, one of the most influential disciplines of the Renaissance. Based on the interpretation of bodily signs to read inner moral and intellectual inclinations, physiognomy developed in the West from the twelfth century and quickly acquired the status of a scientia normale in European universities. Drawing on both medical and divinatory origins, the science enjoyed great success in the sixteenth century, when, as Michel Foucault has famously demonstrated, the curiosity in decoding the secrets of nature placed physiognomic investigation in the framework of a new attention to signatures and sympathies. Physiognomy was grounded on the idea of a strong connection between body and soul. At its height, physiognomic pursuit functioned as a window opening onto the heart, lifting the veil of dissimulation and making visible invisible inner moral inclinations. The early modern period thus witnessed the emergence of a physiognomic mentality. But what has not been understood well so far is how jurists, judges, and more generally Renaissance legal culture theorized and made use of physiognomy and other related practices of reading the bodies or even the minds of those accused of crimes. This special issue seeks to show that late medieval and early modern culture was, indeed, deeply physiognomic not only in its literature and its theories but also in judicial practice. We invite contributions not only from scholars of the law but also from those working in any discipline (art history, history, literature, philosophy, or religion) whose work might cast light on this aspect of late medieval and early modern legal culture. Contributions may stress either courtroom practice or physiognomic theory more generally.Deadline for submissions: November 1, 2022Volume 54 / Number 2 / May 2024For this open-topic issue of the journal, the editors invite articles that are both informed by historical inquiry and alert to issues raised by contemporary theoretical debate. We expect that essays will be grounded in an intimate knowledge of a particular past and that their argumentation reveal a concern for the theoretical and methodological issues involved in interpretation. We are particularly committed to work that seeks to overcome the polarization between history and theory in the study of premodern Western culture.Submissions may be sent starting September 1, 2022Deadline for submission of manuscripts: March 1, 2023

Genre and style metamorphoses of the cycle «The Magic Horn of a Boy» in the German-Austrian musical-historical tradition of the XIX – early XX centuries

The purpose of the research is to identify the figurative and semantic specifics of the cycle «The Magic Horn of a Boy» and the peculiarities of genre and style interpretation of his texts in the German-Austrian musical culture of the XIX – early XX centuries. Methodology of work. The following approaches proved to be essential for this work: interdisciplinary, which makes it possible to attract concepts from other fields of knowledge – philosophy, art history, cultural studies, history of literature, philology; historical and cultural, genre and style. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by its analytical perspective, which takes into account both the figurative and semantic specifics of the cycle «The Magic Horn of a Boy» and the peculiarities of its interpretation in the German-Austrian musical culture of the XIX – early XX centuries. Conclusions. «The Boy’s Magic Horn» is an outstanding monument of the German song and poetry folklore tradition, reflecting the most striking features of the German «image of the world», national consciousness, and the position of the Heidelberg Romantics on folklore in general. The authors of the anthology often transform texts, change the composition, use the later version, ignoring the folklore source, supplementing it with their own work. The texts of this anthology were in great demand in German-Austrian chamber and vocal (F. Schubert, R. Schumann, J. Brahms, etc.) and opera music of the XIX century (R. Schumann, E. Humperdink) in line with genre and style guidelines of culture Biedermeier. In the works of composers of the twentieth century (G. Mahler, A. Schoenberg, A. Webern, R. Strauss and P. Hindemith, etc.) appeal to the spiritual and semantic specifics of the «Magic Horn of the Boy» reveals, on the one hand, involvement in the origins of German-speaking cultural area. On the other hand, the expansion of genre-style and poetic-intonational sphere of interpretation of the texts of this anthology is obvious, which reveals their spiritual and deep context both in the late romantic vocal-symphonic tradition (G. Mahler) and in chamber vocal-instrumental searches of representatives of the Novoviden school (A. Webern). Keywords: «The Magic Horn of a Boy», romanticism, Biedermeier, vocal works of R. Schumann, musical theater of E. Humperdinck, vocal cycles of G. Mahler and A. Webern.

Call for Submissions

Other| May 01 2022 Call for Submissions Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (2022) 52 (2): 403–405. https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-9687956 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Call for Submissions. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 1 May 2022; 52 (2): 403–405. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-9687956 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies Search Advanced Search The editors invite your submissions to the following issues scheduled to appear in 2023 and 2024. Send one hard copy of the manuscript double-spaced, including endnotes, along with an electronic copy (by e-mail attachment or in a shared folder online), following the style guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed., chap. 14 on documentation). More specific contributor guidelines may be consulted on the journal website. Manuscripts should not exceed 10,000 words inclusive of notes. Illustrations accompanying a manuscript should be submitted ideally in the form of TIFF digital files, and permissions for their reproduction must be provided before publication. Submissions pass through anonymous specialist review before publication. We do not consider articles that have been published elsewhere or are under simultaneous consideration with another publisher. Send to: Michael Cornett, Managing EditorJournal of Medieval and Early Modern StudiesDuke University340B Trent HallBox 90656Durham, NC 27708... You do not currently have access to this content.

The Use of Person-centered Language in Medical Research Articles Focusing on Hearing Loss or Deafness.

Hearing loss represents one of the most common disabilities worldwide. Despite its prevalence, there is a degree of stigmatization within the public's perception of, or attitude toward, individuals diagnosed with hearing loss or deafness. This stigmatization is propagated by the way hearing loss is referenced, especially in writing. Although the medical community is familiar with hearing loss, medical research is not consistently compliant with nonstigmatizing terminology, like person-centered language (PCL). This study aims to quantify the use of PCL in medical research related to hearing loss. A cross-sectional analysis of articles related to hearing loss was performed using PubMed as the primary search engine. The search encompassed articles from January 1, 2016, to November 17, 2020. Journals had to have at least 20 search returns to be included in this study. The primary search resulted in 2392 articles from 31 journals. The sample was then randomized and the first 500 articles were chosen for data extraction. Article screening was performed systematically. Each article was evaluated for predetermined non-PCL terminology to determine adherence to the American Medical Association Manual of Style (AMAMS) guidelines. Articles were included if they involved research with human participants and were available in English. Commentaries and editorials were excluded. Four hundred eighty-two articles were included in this study. Results from this study indicate that 326 articles were not adherent to AMAMS guidelines for PCL (326/482; 68%). Emotional language (i.e., burden, suffer, afflicted) was employed to reference hearing loss in 114 articles (114/482; 24%). Non-PCL adherent labels (i.e., impaired and handicapped) were identified in 46% (221/482) of articles related to hearing loss or deafness. Sixty-seven articles (67/482; 14%) used person-first language in reference to the word "deaf" and 15 articles (15/482; 3%) used "deaf" as a label. Based on the findings from this cross-sectional analysis, the majority of medical research articles that address hearing loss contain terminology that does not conform to PCL guidelines, as established by AMAMS. Many respected organizations, like the American Medical Association, have encouraged the use of PCL in interactions between patient and medical provider. This encompasses communication in person and in writing. This recommendation stems from the understood role that language plays in how we build impressions of others, especially in a medical context. Implementing PCL to destigmatize language used in reference to deafness or hearing loss is essential to increase advocacy and protect the autonomy of these individuals.

Call for Submissions

The editors invite your submissions to the following issues scheduled to appear in 2023. Send one hard copy of the manuscript double-spaced, including endnotes, along with an electronic copy (by e-mail attachment or in a shared folder online), following the style guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed., chap. 14 on documentation). More specific contributor guidelines may be consulted on the journal website. Manuscripts should not exceed 10,000 words inclusive of notes. Illustrations accompanying a manuscript should be submitted ideally in the form of TIFF digital files, and permissions for their reproduction must be provided before publication. Submissions pass through anonymous specialist review before publication. We do not consider articles that have been published elsewhere or are under simultaneous consideration with another publisher. Send to: Michael Cornett, Managing EditorJournal of Medieval and Early Modern StudiesDuke University340B Trent HallBox 90656Durham, NC 27708JMEMS@duke.eduhttps://jmems.trinity.duke.eduVolume 53 / Number 2 / May 2023For this open-topic issue of the journal, the editors invite articles that are both informed by historical inquiry and alert to issues raised by contemporary theoretical debate. We expect that essays will be grounded in an intimate knowledge of a particular past and that their argumentation reveal a concern for the theoretical and methodological issues involved in interpretation. We are particularly committed to work that seeks to overcome the polarization between history and theory in the study of premodern Western culture.Submissions may be sent starting September 1, 2021Deadline for submission of manuscripts: March 1, 2022Edited by James SimpsonVolume 53 / Number 3 / September 2023The truth wreckage inflicted by Trumpism might deliver a salutary jolt to literary scholars. Trumpistas may celebrate the forever-constructed nature of truth, but that is precisely what literary scholarship had been doing for decades. Long before Roland Barthes pronounced his fatwa on authors and authorship in 1968, in fact, the “intentionalist fallacy” had long excised the author and his or her intentions from serious interpretation. Defenses of intentionalism are routinely dismissed as “conservative.” The self-inflicted disciplinary damage caused by this proscription has been considerable: other practitioners in the human sciences (notably in law and ethics) place intention at the center of their heuristic practice; they remain baffled by the claim that interpretative study of any kind can be conducted without some appeal to intention.A journal devoted to medieval and early modern studies has a special, further role to play in any reevaluation of how intention might function interpretatively. Our notion of intention is historically grounded: intention rose dramatically from the early twelfth century as a heuristic device in legal and penitential discourse especially. We invite submissions from late medievalists and early modernists in a range of disciplines (penitential theology, law, biblical hermeneutics, and literature especially) that draw on their historical vantage point to elucidate and refresh the interpretative role of intention.Deadline for submissions: July 1, 2022

Deaf and Hard-of-hearing Users Evaluating Designs for Highlighting Key Words in Educational Lecture Videos

There are style guidelines for authors who highlight important words in static text, e.g., bolded words in student textbooks, yet little research has investigated highlighting in dynamic texts, e.g., captions during educational videos for Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) users. In our experimental study, DHH participants subjectively compared design parameters for caption highlighting, including: decoration (underlining vs. italicizing vs. boldfacing), granularity (sentence level vs. word level), and whether to highlight only the first occurrence of a repeating keyword. In partial contrast to recommendations in prior research, which had not been based on experimental studies with DHH users, we found that DHH participants preferred boldface, word-level highlighting in captions. Our empirical results provide guidance for the design of keyword highlighting during captioned videos for DHH users, especially in educational video genres.

Call for Submissions

Other| September 01 2021 Call for Submissions Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies (2021) 51 (3): 601–603. https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-9295086 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Call for Submissions. Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 1 September 2021; 51 (3): 601–603. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10829636-9295086 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies Search Advanced Search The editors invite your submissions to the following issues scheduled to appear in 2023. Send one hard copy of the manuscript double-spaced, including endnotes, along with an electronic copy (by e-mail attachment or in a shared folder online), following the style guidelines of the Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed., chap. 14 on documentation). More specific contributor guidelines may be consulted on the journal website. Manuscripts should not exceed 10,000 words inclusive of notes. Illustrations accompanying a manuscript should be submitted ideally in the form of TIFF digital files, and permissions for their reproduction must be provided before publication. Submissions pass through anonymous specialist review before publication. We do not consider articles that have been published elsewhere or are under simultaneous consideration with another publisher. Send to: Michael Cornett, Managing EditorJournal of Medieval and Early Modern StudiesDuke University340B Trent HallBox 90656Durham, NC 27708JMEMS@duke.eduhttps://jmems.trinity.duke.edu... You do not currently have access to this content.

Call for Submissions

Call for Submissions