Study Instrument Research Articles

The Corrective Feedback in the Students’ Speaking Ability: A Comparative Study

This study investigated whether extensive and comprehensive oral recasting is more effective than explicit correction. The primary focus was on how feedback affects English language learning. Recasts that are intensive are defined as those that receive feedback on a single topic, whereas extensive feedback is defined as errors on multiple subjects and domains. Four groups of ten students each were formed from forty students from a Senior High School. A general English book called Think 4, a storybook, and an English grammar book called Grammar in Use were the study's instruments. In line with the study's aims, they were given feedback that was either explicit or implicit, thorough or in-depth. In accordance with the study's aims, they were given feedback that was either explicit or implicit, long or brief. The findings showed that there wasn't much of a difference between students who got implicit and explicit feedback. Additionally, it was discovered that every technique had the same effect on students' capacity to communicate.

The Effect of Storyboards Technique on EFL Sixth-Grade Students’ Reading Comprehension

The purpose of this study was to investigate how storyboards technique affect the reading comprehension of sixth-grade Jordanian EFL students. The participants of study were 30 female students, who were split equally and at random into two groups: the experimental and control. A pre-/post-test was utilized as the study's instrument for both the control and experimental groups. A quasi-experimental design was followed. The experimental group was taught utilizing the storyboards technique in order to fulfill the objective of the study, whereas the control group received instruction using a conventional teaching method. The findings demonstrated that the use of storyboards technique enhanced students' comprehension of the texts they were reading.

The Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning Model to Enhance Students' Critical Thinking Skills on Conservation Biology Courses

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the problem-based learning approach affects students' critical thinking abilities in courses on conservation biology. This study design uses a non-equivalent control group in a quasi-experiment. Essay exam questions totaling 10 valid and reliable numbers served as the study's instrument. Pre-test and post-test questions were used to gather data. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests, namely the covariance (ANCOVA) analysis with pretest values as variables at a significance level of 0.05%, were used to evaluate the research data. The IMB 23 SPSS program was utilized for data analysis because the data were homogeneous and regularly distributed. The findings demonstrated that, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, there was a significant difference in the critical thinking abilities of students taught using the conventional model and those taught using the problem-based learning model. The conclusion is that in conservation biology classes, the problem-based learning approach helps students develop their critical thinking skills.

IMPACT OF ENGLISH SONG IN VOCABULARY LEARNING : A PRE-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT A JUNIOR ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL

Pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test was used in this study to determine whether there is any positive or negative effect on students' vocabulary mastery after they are taught using English songs. This study's instruments were a written vocabulary test and a field note. The researchers employed English songs combined with a Vocabulary self-collection (VSS) technique in the treatment to improve students' vocabulary acquisition. The mean pre-test score for 39 students in the eighth grade at an Islamic junior high school was 48,71, and the mean post-test score was 80, 89. The mean results of the pre-test and post-test demonstrated a significant improvement in students' vocabulary mastery. The t-test's p-value (sig-2-tailed) was 0.00, which is less than 0.05. This outcome indicated that Ho was refused but Ha was authorized. It was able to prove that gaining vocabulary in the eighth grade of an Islamic junior high school utilizing an English song and VSS had a positive impact on students' vocabulary mastery. The main teaching implication of this study is that when an English song is combined with specific teaching and learning objectives and supported by learning assessment through VSS, it might assist students in learning English vocabulary effectively.

Application of Multimedia Interactive Learning Based on Problem-Based Learning to Improve Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking Skills

The purpose of the study is to determine how applying multimedia interactive learning based on problem-based learning affects students in the XI IPA grade at Senior High School’s cognitive learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. Purposive sampling and a nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design are employed in this quasi-experimental study design. Students from class XI IPA 5 (the experimental class) and class XI IPA 6 (the control class) were the samples used; each was assigned a pretest and a posttest. The study's instruments comprise non-tests such as observation sheets for syntax execution, double-choice tests for cognitive learning outcomes, and essays for critical thinking skills. The treatment instruments include learning gadgets and measurement instruments. The findings of the cognitive learning exam yielded an Fcount of 18,375 with a p-value of 0.000 < α (α = 0.05) when analyzed, whereas the results of the critical thinking skills test yielded an Fcount of 18,648 with a p-value of 0.000 < α (α = 0.05). The test results of the hypothesis showed that H0 was rejected and the research hypotheses were accepted. In order to draw the conclusion that the application of multimedia interactive learning based on problem-based learning improved the cognitive learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of eleventh grade students at Senior High School.

Improving Students’ Writing Ability in Procedure Text Through Make-A-Match Technique at Ninth Grade of SMPN Satu Atap 1 Jabiren Raya

The study's aims are to examine the improvement of process text writing ability with Make-a-Match technique and to discover the benefits and drawbacks of using Make-a-Match technique in increasing procedure text writing ability at SMPN Satu Atap 1 Jabiren Raya's Ninth Grade. Twenty students participated in the study. The study's instruments included interview questions, an observation list, a pre-test, and two post-tests. This was an action research study. The study was completed in two rounds. There were four steps in each cycle: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The findings demonstrated that students' learning outcomes increased after using the Make-a-Match type cooperative learning approach. The average score in the first cycle test was 54.55, with a post-test score of 70.95, and an average score of 84.45 in the second cycle. In cycle I, 35% of students met the target, while in cycle II, 90% of post-test I and II findings showed an improvement in student learning outcomes.

Pengaruh Model Tutor Sebaya Dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Keliling Lingkaran Siswa Kelas VI SD

The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of student peer-to-peer tutoring model and the level of learning motivation concerning the comprehension of the concept of circle circumference among the sixth-grade students. This study employs a quasi-experimental research design, specifically incorporating pre-test and pos-test assessments. The study's population consists of 107 students, with a sample size of 72 students selected through the utilization of a cluster random sampling technique. The study's instrument uses a form of questionnare and tests. The data analysis for this study involved the utilization of two-way-ANOVA using SPSS 23.0 software for Windows. The conclusions are; (1) A notable influence exists when employing the peer-to-peer tutoring model in enhancing students' comprehension of circle circumferences among sixth-grade students. (2) A distinct impact emerges from students' learning motivation on their grasp of circle circumference comprehension in the sixth-grade. (3) Significant influences are discerned from both the implementation of the peer-to-peer tutoring model and the level of learning motivation, collectively affecting the comprehension of circle circumference among sixth-grade students.

The Performance Improvement of the Indonesian Air Force Influenced by Leadership Style and Motivation

People working in organizations as members will be influenced by many characteristics, such as attributes, attitudes, values, desires, and interests. What determines a leader's leadership style is not how they see themselves as leading but how other people, particularly their subordinates, perceive them. The critical issue in this study is the mismatch between theory and reality or execution since it will lower members' motivation, which will impact productivity. This study aims to examine the relationship between leadership style and performance, as well as the influence of both on the performance of members of the Air Squadron Supplies Corps 4 Wing 2 Lanud Abd. pious. Quantitative multiple regression analysis design is the research methodology used. A quantitative method with an explanatory research design was used in this study. A questionnaire that would be distributed to members of the 4th Air Squadron Supply Corps served as the study's instrument. This study used descriptive and inferential data analysis methods based on statistical formulas to analyze the data. The study's findings show that motivation and leadership style significantly improve performance. Together, these two variables account for 80.6% of the variance in performance, with the remaining 19.4% being influenced by factors that were not studied.

Investigating the Role of Second Chance Schools and COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health and Self-Image of Greek Adult Students.

COVID-19 has globally impacted both physical and mental health. This study aimed to explore the impact of Second Chance Schools (SCS) and the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and self-image of Greek SCS students. A total of 251 SCS students from two consecutive study cycles participated, completing the research instruments at the beginning and end of their studies. Participants' anxiety, depressive symptomatology, well-being, self-esteem and self-efficacy were evaluated by means of the GAD-7, PHQ-8, WHO-5 Well-being Index, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, respectively. The research spanned three years, including a year of universal lockdown, a year with protective measures and a year without anti-COVID-19 measures. Factor analysis, regression analyses and two two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were applied to the collected data. All five psychological dimensions measured by the study's instruments were grouped into two factors, namely mental health and self-image. Well-being positively influenced mental health, while anxiety and depression had a negative impact. On the other hand, self-efficacy and self-esteem positively contributed to self-image. Mental health and self-image were moderately correlated. Pre-SCS values of mental health and self-image predicted a higher percentage of variance in post-SCS values compared to anxiety, depression, well-being, self-efficacy and self-esteem. Moreover, mental health improved after the completion of SCS, but only for participants after the lifting of anti-COVID-19 measures. Conversely, self-image improved for all participants regardless of the presence of anti-COVID-19 measures. Overall, the SCS had a considerable impact on the participants' mental health and self-image, although the effect was influenced by COVID-19.

Thematic Progression in Jack Ma Speech “We Never Give Up” and as an Alternate Source for Teaching Speaking

This research mostly concentrated upon the thematic progression discovered on Jack Ma’s speech “We Never Give Up”. The current study attempts to identify thematic progression patterns on the speech, to show the most common sort of theme progression pattern found in the speech, to explained the thematic progression observe in the speech. The research design is Qualitative descriptive research. The research objective was Jack Ma’s "We Never Give Up" speech. The data from the speech script formed the study's instruments. The discussions from the study may conclude three kinds of thematic progression. There is a constant pattern with 136 findings, the zig-zag pattern with 14 findings, and a multiple pattern with 4 findings. The dominant type that being used in Jack Ma’s speech is constant theme. The constant patterns can be implemented by using the prior clause's rheme as the theme in the subsequent sentence, whereas the pattern of constant theme is generally applying since it is relatively simple to employ by repeating themes from the previous clause, the split theme pattern may be involved by taking rheme for two themes, and the multiple theme patterns can be employed when developing the following clause using a theme as a topic. As an alternate source for teaching speaking, thematic progression helps the watcher to understand the message from the speech and the result from thematic progression will provide information to the watcher.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SELF-EFFICACY AND THESIS WORKING DURATION ON 2017 BIOLOGY EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of self-efficacy of students during a pandemic, the level of thesis working duration during a pandemic, and the relationship between self-efficacy and thesis working duration for students of the Biology Education Study Program Grade of 2017 at Universitas Negeri Medan during the Covid-19 pandemic. The descriptive method with a quantitative approach was used in this study. This study's population consisted of all students enrolled in the 2017 Biology Education study program at Universitas Negeri Medan. This study's sample size was 132 students, chosen using a simple random sampling technique. This study's instrument will be a questionnaire, with each questionnaire totaling 29 and 18 statements that have been declared valid and reliable. The results showed that students of the 2017 Biology Education study program at Medan State University had a self-efficacy level with a percentage value of 56.8% which was in the moderate category tending to be high, the level of thesis working duration with a percentage value of 70.5% owned by Biology Education 2017 students was in the moderate category tending to be low, and the results showed that there was a relationship between Self-efficacy and Thesis Working Duration in Biology Education 2017 students during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Improving Students’ Speaking Skills Through YouTube Videos at the Seventh Grade OF MTs N 02 Bengkulu

Speaking is a skill which deserves attention every bit as much as literary skills, in both first and second language. The aims of this study were to discover (1) improving students' Speaking skills through YouTube Digital Videos at seventh grade stuednts of MTsN 02 Kota Bengkulu, (2) Some factors influence how students' Speaking skills changes after using YouTube digital videos at seventh grade students of MTsN 02 Kota Bengkulu. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) project included 36 students of the seventh grade students of MTsN 02 Kota Bengkulu. The researcher investigated the enhancement of students' speaking skills and the factors that influence the change of students' speaking skills using quantitative and qualitative data. This study's instruments included a speaking test, an observation checklist, field notes, and an interview. The results of the research were described as follow: (1) the improving of students' speaking skills through YouTube digital videos was based on the test results. the research was declared successful the mean score on the students' speaking test was 77. The aforementioned statistics allowed us to determine that the mean speaking score for students was 77, meaning that eighty five percents of students were good and very good. In this study, 42% of students, or 15 students, were good speakers, whereas 45% of students, or 16 students, were very good speakers, (2) factors that influence how students' speaking skills changes after using YouTube digital videos were motivation and students’ activeness in following the learning process by viewing the YouTube digital videos. The results of the research can be concluded that YouTube digital videos can improve students’ speaking skills and it was affected by motivation, the students’ factors and the teacher’s cooperation in applying the YouTube digital media.
 
 Keywords: Classroom Action Research (CAR), Speaking skills, YouTube Digital Videos

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS DAPIC PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS YANG BERORIENTASI PADA KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIS

The lack of textbooks addressing mathematical literacy skills and poor levels of mathematical literacy are the driving forces for this research. The goal of this study is to assess the level of validity, effectivity, and applicability of teaching materials based on the DAPIC problem-solving procedure that are targeted at students' mathematical literacy abilities in the area of flat-sided space creation. Design-based Research (DbR) with the Plomp model is the research methodology used. Ten respondents and two validators served as the study's data sources. Validation sheets, Literacy skill tests, and student response surveys served as the study's instruments. In order to examine the data, percentages were used, and their interpretation was based on their qualities. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the teaching materials developed are valid, effective, and practical.

Development of Pedagogical Competence Scale for Lecturers in Universities Using Item Response Theory

To ascertain whether lecturers had the pedagogical competency skill needed in impacting students with necessary skills they need outside school, this study developed a scale to measure Lecturers’ Pedagogical Competence (LPCS) in universities using item response theory. The pedagogical competence of university lecturers was assessed using a set of items designed and evaluated the scale's construct validity. The initial scale consisted of a 70-item four options Likert-type. The multi-stage sampling procedure was employed. Proportional sampling was used to choose four universities in South Western Nigeria. At each of the institutions selected, 20% of the staff population was selected from all faculties using stratified random sampling with a cadre as a stratum. Thus, 906 lecturers from federal universities and 294 were selected from federal state universities, respectively. In all, 1,086 of the 1200 lecturers selected completed the study's instrument. The results showed that four of the six optimal factors underlying lecturers’ pedagogical competence were reliable. Eventually, 20 can measure LPC. Furthermore, the LPCS showed validity by optimally measuring the theoretical construct underlying the scale. Evaluation of learning outcome; managing student behavior during lecture; using ICT to Enhance learning; and lecturers’ student interaction remains the most important factors in LPCS.

The Effectiveness of REALIA as a Medium for Writing Descriptive Text

The goal of this study was to see how effective Realia was at writing descriptive text by the first semester of English at Unismuh Makassar. The sample for this study was drawn from two classes using the purposive sampling technique, with one group serving as the experimental class and the other as the control class, for a total sample of 30 students from the English Department at Unismuh Makassar's first semester. This study's instrument was a writing test. The researcher used a pre-test and a post-test to collect data. The researcher taught the descriptive text using realia. The researcher used the t-test to statistically analyze the data. The t - value was calculated to be 6.55. The t- table value was 2.00 based on the 0.05 significance level, and the computation revealed that the t- value was more significant than the t- table, which was 6.55>2.00. The effectiveness of realia can also be seen in the experimental and control groups' post-treatment scores. The experimental class's mean posttest score was 86.51, putting it in the very good category. The control group's mean posttest score was 76.54, putting it in the good category. The experimental group outperformed the control group, it is possible to conclude. Based on the t-test results, it can be demonstrated that using realia as a media in writing, specifically descriptive text for students, is a reference for teachers.

The Effect of Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) Model on Students’ Achievement in Elementary School

This study aims to determine the effect of the CTL model on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Peunaga Cut Ujong and to find out how much influence the CTL model has on the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Peunaga. Cut Ujong. The approach in this study uses a quantitative approach. This type of research uses a pre-experimental design. The population in this study were the fifth-grade students of SD Negeri Peunaga Cut Ujong, as many as 26 students. The sampling technique used in this research is intact-group comparison. The sample in this study was 13 students in the experimental class and as many as 13 students in the control class. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, tests, and documentation. This study's instruments used to collect data consisted of observation sheets, test sheets, and validation sheets. The results of this study are from the analysis obtained tcount = 0.965 > ttable = 0.05, it is concluded that the hypothesis is accepted, the conclusion is that there is a difference or influence of the CTL model on student learning outcomes between students who are taught using the CTL with students who are taught by not using CTL model.

Evaluation nurses’ knowledge about prevention of nosocomial infections in Al-Basrah Teaching Hospitals, Basrah, Iraq

Objectives: To evaluate nurses' knowledge of nosocomial infection prevention. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Basrah city at Al-Basrah Teaching Hospitals from October 24th, 2021, to April 13th, 2022. The participants of study were 100 nurses. The study's instrument, a pre-designed questionnaire, was used. The questionnaire was divided into two sections that covered sociodemographic information and understanding of nosocomial infection prevention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Results: Women made up the majority of the study population (57.0%), were more men to be in their 20s or 30s (66.7%), have nursing degrees (45%), and had one to five years of work experience (50%). The majority of them (84.0%) had previously undergone nosocomial infection-related training. A lack of association existed between total nurses' knowledge of nosocomial infection prevention and demographic characteristic, but there was a significant correlation within gender and this information (p=0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurses lacked adequate understanding of nosocomial infection prevention.

Enhancing Cognitive Learning Outcomes in MA Al Manar Class XII MIA Students using a Problem-Based Learning Method on Biotechnology Materials

Background: Classroom action research aims to determine the application of problem-based learning methods to biotechnology material in improving cognitive learning outcomes for students in class XII MIA MA Al Manar Purwakarta. Methods: This study was carried out in class XII MIA MA Al Manar Purwakarta, which is located on Jalan Purnawarman Barat No. 71 in Purwakarta. The author had 21 students participate in this study as respondents. The method implemented in classroom action research is problem-based learning. This study's instruments included observation sheets, questionnaires, field notes, and tests. Results: Based on the research conducted, there was a significant increase in the value of biology from 23.81% to 80.95% between the odd semester and even semester of the 2021-2022 school year. Conclusion: Thus, the results of this study can improve students' cognitive learning outcomes. Keywords : Classroom action research; problem based learning method

Concept Mastery and Mathematical Problem Solving Ability of High School Students in Uniform Motion in a Straight Line Materials (GLBB)

This study aims to describe the pattern of the relationship between students concept mastery and mathematical problem-solving ability in GLBB material. This is qualitative associative/constructive research. This investigation was conducted with grade X MIA2 students at SMAN 1 Nita. This study's instrument included a test of concept mastery and mathematical problem-solving ability, documentation of student answer sheets, and unstructured interviews. The technique for data analysis consisted of five stages: data collection, description of raw data, data reduction, data categorization, and construction of category relationships. The findings revealed a reciprocal relationship between concept mastery and mathematical problem-solving ability. In addressing physics problems, mastery of concepts and mathematical problem-solving ability play mutually reinforcing roles. The level of concept mastery of students increases with their problem-solving abilities, and vice versa: the higher the level of conceptual mastery, the greater the mathematical problem-solving abilities. The results showed that there was a semantic congruence between issue solving using the Polya step indicator and problem solving at the levels of analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6).
 Keywords : GLBB, Concept Mastery, Mathematical Problem Solving Ability

Frequent use of Technology by Teachers and Teachers’ Performance: A Comparative study at Higher Secondary Level

Teachers will be more successful and expected to use technology in the classroom if they have the resources, they need to practice using it before utilizing it in a real-world education setting, like a classroom. The study's goal was to determine whether teachers' frequent use of technology and their performance at the higher secondary level were related. This study used a quantitative descriptive research design. All of District Lahore's colleges and higher secondary schools were represented in the population. It employed a multistage sampling approach. Questionnaires were used as the study's instrument. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson r correlation and independent sample t-test was used to analyzed the data. The findings of the study showed that perceptions of students toward the level of agreement about the frequent use of technology and teachers’ performance. It was recommended that the school has to include these interesting themes in their in-service training, summer training, and other ICT seminar-workshops so that students may internalize and appreciate the nature of this dimension completely.