Study Of Urinary Excretion Research Articles

DETERMINATION IN PLASMA OF FREE 17-HYDROXY AND 17-DESOXY CORTICOSTEROIDS AND THEIR GLUCURONICACID CONJUGATES*

INTRODUCTION AS PART of a long-term investigation (1–4) on the systemic effects of both accidental and surgical trauma, it was decided to determine the blood levels of adrenocortical steroids. It is believed that the measurement of the degree and duration of adrenocortical stimulation can be more objectively evaluated by this means than by methods hitherto employed (e.g., urinary excretion studies). In 1952, Nelson and Samuels (5) reported a method for determining “17-hydroxycorticosteroids” following simple chloroform extraction of plasma or whole blood and chromatographic separation on Florisil, utilizing the Porter-Silber (6) reaction which determines only those steroids containing an alpha-ketol group with a hydroxyl group in the 17 position. In this laboratory it was not found possible to employ this method with any degree of reproducibility. In order to determine adrenocortical steroids reproducibly in peripheral blood plasma, it was found necessary to carry out a more thorough purification of the p...

The influence of diet on urinary amino nitrogen levels.

QUANTITATIVE and qualitative alterations in the urinary excretion of amino acids are now widely recognized as nonspecific findings in a great variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions. However, in most studies of urinary excretion, whether of total amino nitrogen or of amino acid patterns, interpretation of the results is made difficult by a lack of adequate control of the dietary protein intake. The influence of dietary protein content on plasma and urinary nitrogen levels has been investigated, both in normal humans and in laboratory animals. Most of these investigations (1–4) indicate a direct relationship between the protein intake and the urinary amino nitrogen output. It would seem reasonable, therefore, that reports dealing with pathologic states should also take into account the nitrogen intake, in presenting what purport to be characteristic excretion levels or patterns of amino acids in specific disease states. Although some authors do observe this precaution (5, 6), most do not.

THE TREATMENT OF LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY—A METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF LEAD DURING THE ACUTE STAGE

1. A theoretical basis for the use of the Calcium complex of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for the deleading of patients in the acute stage of lead poisoning is presented. 2. Of seven cases of lead encephalopathy treated with this agent, one expired soon after admission, and the others showed prompt clinical improvement. 3. Urinary excretion studies show that approximately 1.8 mg. of lead are excreted for each 500 mg. of CaEDTA administered under conditions calculated to realize the maximum efficiency of the therapy. 4. No signs of toxicity from CaEDTA were noted. 5. A general plan of therapy of lead encephalopathy with CaEDTA is presented. 6. It is too early to evaluate the effects of this form of treatment in minimizing brain damage from this disease.

The syndrome of testicular feminization in male pseudohermaphrodites

There is a clinically recognizable syndrome found in patients who are essentially normal-appearing women, but who have undescended testes in place of ovaries. The most significant features are: 1.1. Female habitus, breast development, and other secondary sex characteristics.2.2. Scanty or absent axillary or pubic hair in most cases.3.3. Female external genitals, with a tendency to underdevelopment of labia, and a blind-ending vagina.4.4. Absence of internal genitals except for rudimentary anlage and for gonads which may be located intra-abdominally or along the course of the inguinal canal.5.5. Gonads histologically consistent with undescended testes.6.6. Urinary excretion studies have suggested such testes produce estrogen and androgen. Elevated urinary gonadotropins have also been found.

MEASUREMENT OF THE EXCRETION OF CORTISONE AND COMPOUND F, USING THE PORTER-SILBER METHOD

THE excretion in the urine of adrenal cortical steroids and their metabolites has served as an index of adrenal cortical activity. Of the many biologic and chemical methods applied to the measurement of corticoid excretion, the recent one of Porter and Silber (1) appeared to us to possess the advantages of simplicity of performance and of specificity for certain 17-hydroxycorticoids. Both cortisone and compound F are included in the 17,21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroid group of compounds measured by this technique. A study of urinary excretion of steroids of patients receiving cortisone, compound F, and corticotropin forms the basis of this report. In our hands the Porter-Silber method was not reliable in measuring steroid concentrations in plasma or feces. METHOD The original Porter-Silber method of measuring steroids was modified slightly to permit analysis of several specimens simultaneously. Urine was collected over a measured period of time, with a small amount of chloroform added as a preservative. The sp...

Effect of cortisone and ACTH on renal excretion of chlorides

arterial O2 tension which becomes lower as the anemia becomes more severe. This is probably a significant factor in the exertional dyspnea of anemia. ESTIMATION OF THE VOLUME OF THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID WITH RADIOACTIVE SULFATE. M. Waker, M.D., D. S. Seldin and C. H. Burnett, M.D. (From the Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical School of the University of Texas, Dallas, Tex.) S-35 labelled sulfate offers several theoretic advantages over many other substances used to measure extracellular fluid volume: no correction for endogenous substance is necessary; renal loss is relatively slow; and, since a negligible weight of sulfate is injected, no change in internal fluid exchanges by osmotic effects is produced. A method for analysis of radioactive sulfate in plasma and urine with an error of about 1 per cent was developed. Analysis of the arterial concentration time curve in normal subjects showed that equilibration after intravenous injection proceeded rapidly at a single exponential rate and was essentially completed in eighteen minutes. The eighteen-minute volume of distribution of radiosulfate, corrected for urinary loss, was 13 to 19 per cent of body weight in ten normal subjects. In a given subject results were usually reproducible within 0.3 L. or less. After equilibration the progressive increase in volume of distribution was slow, suggesting that the eighteen-minute volume of distribution does not include a significant portion of cell water. The determination of extracellular fluid volume by this method offers distinct advantages over most other methods in that it involves only a single injection which equibrates rapidly and is without osmotic effects. EFFECT OF CORTISONE AND ACTH ON RENAL EXCRETION OF CHLORIDES. J. E. Kimbrough, B.S. (by invitation), R. M. Lightfoot, B.S. (by invitation) and Howard L. Holler, M.D. (From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Alabama, Birmingham, Ala.) A chloride deficit alkalosis commonly develops in patients treated with corticotropin and cortisone. To determine the mechanism of the production of the chloride loss by way of the kidney studies of urinary chloride excretion together with urinary volume were performed on six patients receiving corticotropin and cortisone. Patients were placed on a fixed dietidentical from day to day-for a control period for not less than forty-eight hours before

A study of urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and other tryptophan metabolites in human beings with pyridoxine deficiency induced by desoxypyridoxine

A study of urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and other tryptophan metabolites in human beings with pyridoxine deficiency induced by desoxypyridoxine

Correlation of Urinary Excretion of Riboflavin with Dietary Intake and Symptoms of Ariboflavinosis

Studies of urinary excretion were made at levels of dietary intake of 0.55, 0.75, 0.85, 1.1, 1.6, 2.15, 2.55 and 3.55 mg per day. Data were recorded on 24-hour urine samples and on samples obtained during the 4 hours after subcutaneous administration of 1 mg of riboflavin. The results obtained by both techniques parallel each other. Subjects exposed to little or no trauma or irritation and receiving 1.6 mg of riboflavin per day excreted 4 times as much riboflavin as those on a 1.1-mg intake. This suggests that the critical riboflavin requirement for an adult male subsisting on 2,200 calories is somewhere between 1.1 and 1.6 mg of riboflavin per day. Healing of the skin lesions characteristic of ariboflavinosis is retarded when the 24-hour urinary excretion of riboflavin is less than 50 μg. Such a level may be reached in less than 4 months on a diet containing 0.55 mg of riboflavin per day. A subject depleted in riboflavin can satisfactorily assimilate at least 6 mg of riboflavin at one time. This was borne out by results which indicated that three 2-mg doses at 4-hour intervals were not more effective in repleting a deficient subject than a single dose of 6 mg of riboflavin in 24 hours. A period of approximately 15 days is required to saturate riboflavin-depleted subjects when a daily supplement of 6 mg of riboflavin is administered.

Study of urinary coproporphyrin excretion in patients with neoplastic diseases

Study of urinary coproporphyrin excretion in patients with neoplastic diseases

EFFECT OF ROENTGENOTHERAPY ON URINARY 17-KETOSTEROID EXCRETION IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLARTHRITIS*

FEW studies of urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion have been made in rheumatic disease. Fraser and co-workers (1) found diminished excretion in a 16-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis. Chou and Wang (2) reported low values in rheumatic fever. In 7 males with rheumatic disease, Forbes and associates (3) found the average excretion to be 7.5 mg. in 24 hours, with a range of 2.7 to 11.5 mg., and in females an average of 4.5 mg. with a range of 1.2 to 7.8 mg. Low excretion is found in malnutrition, anemia, hypothyroidism, panhypopituitarism, Addison's disease, and chronic debilitating diseases (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), whereas high excretion occurs in carcinoma of the adrenal cortex, hyperplasia of the adrenals, masculinizing ovarian tumors, hirsutism of females and in Cushing's syndrome (1, 6,7). Although ankylosing spondylarthritis is a chronic debilitating disease accompanied by malnutrition, anemia, and pronounced muscle wasting in its advanced stage, we have found increased urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion in...

Indoleacetic Acid Studies in Man.

SummaryThe addition of 25 to 200 mg of indoleacetic acid per day to a diet low in protein and nicotinic acid appears to have no significant effect upon the utilization of tryptophane and nicotinic acid by man as evidenced by urinary excretion studies.

Urinary Excretion Studies Following the Administration of Pteroic Acid

1. Pteroic acid was administered to normal adult human males and the urine was assayed for “folic acid” with S. faecalis R and for pteroylglutamic acid with L. easel. On the basis of the relative response of these organisms to pteroic acid and pteroylglutamic acid, the apparent concentration of these compound's in the urine was determined.

Results of providing a liberally adequate diet to children in an institution: III. Blood and urinary excretion studies before andafter dietary improvement

Results of providing a liberally adequate diet to children in an institution: III. Blood and urinary excretion studies before andafter dietary improvement

THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCIC PNEUMONIA WITH ORALLY ADMINISTERED PENICILLIN

Several group's of investigators have demonstrated that it is possible to attain appreciable concentrations of penicillin in the blood following the oral administration of the material in various vehicles. 1 In a previous communication 2 it was reported that the height and duration of the blood penicillin concentrations observed in fasting subjects after oral administration are of the same order of magnitude regardless of whether the penicillin is administered following an antacid,as a suspension in oil, as a suspension in oil mixed with beeswax or in plain water. With any of these methods approximately five times as much penicillin is required to achieve a given blood concentration when the material is administered by the oral as by the intramuscular route. From the studies of urinary excretion there was no evidence that any of the vehicles promoted the absorption of more penicillin than occurred following the ingestion of the material in

Evaluation of Nicotinic Acid Nutrition by Studies of Urinary Excretion

The adequacy of nicotinic acid nutrition in man is determined at the present time solely on the basis of clinical findings. Several investigators1, 2, 3 have reported that there is little difference in the quantity of nicotinic acid and its derivatives excreted in the urine in a 24 hr period by normal persons and by patients with dietary deficiency. Perlzweig, Sarett and Margolis2 have recently suggested that the urinary excretion following the administration of 500 mg of nicotinamide may serve as a test of nicotinic acid deficiency.This report deals with observations made on 6 normal persons, 18 hospital patients without signs of deficiency disease and 10 patients with clinical findings indicating deficiency of one or more members of the B group of vitamins. Of this last group 7 had lesions of pellagra, 5, evidence of ariboflavinosis and one, thiamin deficiency. The quantity of nicotinic acid and its derivatives excreted in the urine in a 24 hr period was determined by the method of Perlzweig, Levy and S...

A STUDY OF THE URINARY EXCRETION OF VITAMIN B6 BY A COLORIMETRIC METHOD

A STUDY OF THE URINARY EXCRETION OF VITAMIN B6 BY A COLORIMETRIC METHOD

An outline of studies relating to vitamin C deficiency in rheumatic fever.

Abstract The concept that rheumatic fever may be due to the combined influence of vitamin C deficiency and infection, rests upon a broad experimental basis. In guinea pigs, under this dual influence, lesions comparable to those of rheumatic fever may develop in the heart and joints. The not infrequent occurrence of subcutaneous nodules appears to complete the pathologic similarity. It is of interest that in the experimental work no sharp line can be drawn between a disease picture resembling rheumatic fever and one characterized by a chronic joint disability with pathologic similarities to atrophic (rheumatoid) arthritis. There is much evidence indicating a relationship between the two diseases as seen in man. Epidemiologic data seem to support the thesis advanced. Particular significance is attached to the abnormally high incidence of rheumatic fever in the poor. Clinical studies in progress have afforded encouraging data, but are too few, and the period of observation too short to afford a basis for judgment. Rheumatic fever is a disease fundamentally characterized by widespread injury to collagen. Based upon the experimental studies and pathologic anatomy of rheumatic fever, a theory of mechanism of the development of the rheumatic lesion is advanced. Our knowledge of the metabolism of vitamin C is in the process of development. Capacity to store the vitamin is limited. Fatigue and certain infections may deplete the organic reserve. Factors which might inhibit absorption or utilization of vitamin C are not known. Urinary excretion studies may serve as an index of the immediate saturation level but are not a gauge of preexisting deficiency. The possible influence of infection in modifying the storage and excretion or utilization of vitamin C is not known. For these reasons, data based upon urinary excretion must be interpreted with care. The question of what we may reasonably expect from vitamin C therapy in rheumatic fever is considered in the light of the fundamental pathology of the disease. Even though vitamin C deficiency may contribute to the development of the rheumatic lesion, it is only one factor. Some influence of infection also operates. In view of this, and the frequently severe injury accompanying the disease, judgment of the preventive or therapeutic effectiveness of vitamin C administration in rheumatic fever can be based only on prolonged clinical study.