Study Of Snakebite Research Articles

English

English

Snakebite envenomation in the Brazilian Amazon: a cost-of-illness study.

Snakebites account for significant morbidity and mortality. Their occurrence in the Brazilian Amazon warrants an analysis that will enable better understanding of their economic impact and thus contribute to their management and prevention. This study aimed to estimate the cost of snakebite envenomation in the Brazilian Amazon in 2015. We conducted a cost-of-illness study of snakebite in the Brazilian Amazon in 2015 based on official surveillance data to estimate burden from a societal, patient and public health system perspective. Direct medical costs were estimated via a top-down approach. Loss of productivity was estimated by a human capital approach. The study included 11 503 cases and 56 deaths. The estimated cost to the health system was US$3.115.861,28. The estimated cost due to premature death caused by snakebite was US$3031 300.38. The cost attributed to the loss of productivity due to absence from work was US$1539 518.62. The estimated cost from the patient's perspective was US$268 914.18. Therefore the total cost of snakebite in the Brazilian Amazon was estimated to be almost than US$8 million in 2015. The economic burden of snakebite in Brazilian Amazon is notably high. Snakebites cause loss of productivity through inpatient treatment or deaths.

TOXINOLOGY IN COLOMBIA: CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROGRAMA DE OFIDISMO/ESCORPIONISMO AND OTHER RESEARCH GROUPS

Background: Toxinology is a field of toxicology involved in studying toxins from animals, plants and microorganisms. In Colombia, in last thirty years, this area has been mainly studied by Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo of the Universidad de Antioquia, however, some other research groups have been also contributed in our knowledge of venoms, toxin, effects and treatments. Objective: highlights the most important findings in toxinology made by Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo and other research groups in Colombia. Methods: we collected and analyze119 manuscripts dealing with the history of ophidiology and toxinology in Colombia. Results: we describe some useful terms to understand the toxinology and their scopes. In addition, we build a brief history of ophidiology beginning with the period corresponding to the discovery of America, and ending with recent findings. Finally, we perform a great description of several results related to toxin isolation, characterization, antivenoms, clinical trials, new species descriptions, pretoemic and transcriptomic, among other. The nineteens was characterized by the study of snakebites, their clinic manifestations and the use of antivenoms. In addition, the ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants used in snakebite treatments began to be explored. The 2000s included the newly ethnopharmacology, toxin isolation, clinical trials, inhibitor studies, scorpion venom characterization and scorpion stings features. Finally, from 2010 until today, proteomic and transcriptomic gave the most important findings. Conclusions: Toxinology works in Colombia have contributed in our knowledge about endemic species, clinical manifestations of snakebites and scorpion stings, however, we invite to Colciencias and other funding agencies to have more resources in order to support more researchers in this field, since, snakebite is a public neglected disease and need more attention from governments and academic people. Finally, we still have ignorance about the venoms of some species and their possible mode of action. In addition, given the complexity of venoms, we ignore the potential use of toxins in current biomedicine. Thus, we must continue performing studies in toxinology.

Study of Snake Bite and Factors Influencing Snake bite Among the Rural Populationof Kancheepuram District

Study of Snake Bite and Factors Influencing Snake bite Among the Rural Populationof Kancheepuram District

A Retrospective Study of Snake Bites in Tirupati Region

A Retrospective Study of Snake Bites in Tirupati Region

A study of snake bite among children presenting to a paediatric ward in the main Teaching Hospital of North Central province of Sri Lanka.

BackgroundSnake bite is a common problem in the North Central province of Sri Lanka. Common krait (Bungarus careuleus), Ceylon krait (Bungarus ceylonicus), Cobra (Naja naja), Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii), Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) and Hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) are the six species of venomous land snakes in Sri Lanka. A significant number of adults and children are bitten by snakes every year. However, the majority of research studies done in Sri Lanka and other countries show adults bitten by snakes and studies describing children bitten by snakes are very sparse.MethodsA descriptive cross sectional study was performed in the Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka from May 2010 to 2011 May to describe the characteristics associated with cases of snake bite.ResultsThere were 24 males and 20 females. The highest numbers of bites (48%) were in the range of ages 6-12 years. The majority of the bites occurred between 6 pm to 6 am (59%).The foot was the most common bitten site (48%). Out of all the venomous bites, the Hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) accounted for the highest number (44%) and Russell’s viper (Daboia ruselii) accounted for the second highest number (27%). A significant number of venomous bites occurred indoors while sleeping (22%). Antivenom serum was given to (39%) of venomous bites. Deaths occurred in (11%) of the venomous bites.ConclusionsHump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) accounted for the highest number of venomous bites. Majority of the bites occurred between 6 pm and 6 am. Foot was the most common bitten site. A significant number of venomous bites occurred indoor while sleeping. Antivenom serum was given to a significant number of venomous bites. Educating the public on making their houses snake proof and using a torch when going out during night time will help in the prevention of getting bitten by snakes.

The international view of envenoming in Brazil: myths and realities

Being distant from Brazil’s great natural diversity, from its long tradition in the study of snakebites and from the fact that it is one of the few countries which has a national information system for monitoring incidents involving venomous animals, non-Brazilian researchers face risks when estimating the incidence of these accidents in the country. The present work offers a critical review of the main estimates undertaken since 1954. It is interesting to note contradictions between textual and graphic information within the same article, variations over time in the work of a same researcher and differences among distinct authors, and that all these issues remain unmentioned or undiscussed. Comparison among such estimates and the data available at the Brazilian Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN) creates an opportunity to identify the degree of imprecision present in those articles, and draws attention to the need for the production of studies at both the regional and national levels, based on concrete data collected at national, state and municipal levels, which has been available on the internet since 2001.

GPS Technology in Service of Society: A Case Study of Snakebite

GPS Technology in Service of Society: A Case Study of Snakebite

High rate of immediate systemic hypersensitivity reactions to tiger snake antivenom

[Extract] To The Editor: During a national multicentre study of snake bites — the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP), involving over 40 hospitals — we have recently noted a high rate of early allergic reactions following the administration of tiger snake antivenom in Australia. People with suspected or definite snake envenoming are recruited to ASP, and laboratory and clinical data and serial blood samples are collected to measure venom and antivenom concentrations.

A clinicoepidemiological study of snakebite in Multan

Objective: To know the epidemiological characteristics of snakebite in and around Multan and to highlight various patterns of toxicity in sufferers of snake`s envenomation. Design: Descriptive, observational study. Place & duration of study: This study was conducted at Medical Unit-IV, Nishtar Hospital, Multan during the year 2002-2003. Patients and Methods: One hundred victims of snakebite from seven various districts around Multan, who were brought to Nishtar Hospital, Multan, irrespective of age, sex and previous medical therapy were included in this study. All victims of snakebite were examined and investigated to know the various patterns of toxicity. Results: Most of the victims (78%) were found to be sufferers of toxic bite, affected mostly on lower limbs (62%) and during night time (52%) of summer season. Hemotoxic snakes were the most common type of snakes (52%) causing envenomations. 90% patients recovered completely and a death rate of 6% and disability rate of 4% was observed. Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality from snakebite can be reduced by proper health education of the farmers, regarding importance of footwear and potential hazards of snakebite.

A definitive study of snakebite. 1968.

Abstract Please refer to The Lancet , Vol 55, No 4, April 1968, pp 330–337 for a copy of this article.

Ten years of snake bite in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea

A retrospective study was conducted of possible and definite snake bite admissions to Madang General Hospital, Papua New Guinea, for the years 1977 to 1986 inclusive. There were 175 such admissions and case notes were found for 129. Envenoming was recorded in 64 cases. Tender regional lymphadenopathy and ptosis were the most common signs of envenoming. No case of coagulopathy was recorded. 16 cases had clinical evidence of myotoxicity; in 3 of these a description of the offending snake suggested that it was the small-eyed snake ( Micropechis ikaheka). Among 41 patients receiving antivenom, there was only one serious adverse reaction. This is the first study of snake bite in the New Guinea region; it shows similarities with, but also important differences from, snake bite studies in the Papua region of Papua New Guinea.

An epidemiological study of snakebites in the Southeast Asia: Y. Sawai, K. Koba, T. Okonogi, S. Mishima, Y. Kawamura and H. Chinzei (Members of the 1st Investigation of Snakebites in the Southeast Asia, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan) and A. Bakar bin Ibrahim and T. Devaraj (Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Snake and Venom

An epidemiological study of snakebites in the Southeast Asia: Y. Sawai, K. Koba, T. Okonogi, S. Mishima, Y. Kawamura and H. Chinzei (Members of the 1st Investigation of Snakebites in the Southeast Asia, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan) and A. Bakar bin Ibrahim and T. Devaraj (Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Snake and Venom

Further Studies on Snake Poison and Immunity

PROF. CALMETTE, whose name is so indissolubly associated with the study of snake bites and their treatment by anti-venomous serum, has lately published in the Pasteur Annales, in conjunction with his assistant M. Delarde, a most interesting and highly important series of experiments helping to elucidate the mechanism of immunity. Endeavouring to throw light upon some of the problems surrounding this highly complex question, Calmette has selected two different kinds of toxin, the one vegetable and the other animal.