Parametric Study Research Articles

Effect of MgCl2 dopant on optical properties of tamarind gum based biopolymer electrolytes

Recent research on biopolymers based on magnesium salts is scarce in the existing literature. In the current research study, solution-casting technique was used for the preparation of solid biopolymer electrolytes, using Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide (TSP) as the host biopolymer, which was doped with several varying concentrations of magnesium chloride (MgCl2). UV-visible spectroscopic method was used to investigate the thermal and optical parameters in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 800 nm. From the study of optical absorption parameter, the values of optical transmission, optical refractive index, optical absorption coefficient and optical extinction coefficient were calculated. These parameters revealed optimum values for the film of composition TSP:MgCl2 (70:30 wt.%).

Identification of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes associated with growth curve parameters in chinese wenshang barred chickens.

The growth curve is a vital instrument for assessing and forecasting weight and developmental shifts in livestock and poultry, which reflects the changes of bodyweight traits with time and plays a key role in guiding breeding and production approaches. This study performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for growth curve parameters generated by nonlinear models which fit original weight-age records, to discover the SNPs and candidate genes correlated with growth traits. Data from 362 Chinese Wenshang Barred Chickens weighed at the age of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 weeks were used to fit the Gompertz, Logistic, and von Bertalanffy growth models. The Gompertz model showed the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.974). The mature body weight (A), time scale (b), and maturity rate (k) were treated as phenotypes for single-trait GWAS. The GWAS identified 44, 103, and 5 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with A, b, and K, respectively. Among them, several candidate genes, including LDB2, TOB2, RCBTB1, KPNA3, SLIT2, LCORL, LAP3, and TPRA1, were previously reported to be associated with growth and development. Two lead SNPs (4:76022389, 4:76070237) on the LDB2 gene were significantly associated with the growth curve. Further research of these candidate genes could help explore the full genetic architecture underlying growth and development traits in poultry.

Examining Relationship between Indoor Thermals and Visual Environment of Educational Institute: A Case Study of Engineering University, Main Campus Lahore

In today's world, people tend to spend a substantial amount of their time in an indoor environment. The productivity and well-being of building inhabitants are greatly impacted by the quality of the indoor environment. Indoor quality and comfort depend upon various aspects like thermal comfort, visual environment, and acoustic and air quality. The main campus of Engineering University was selected for this study, and data was obtained from the campus to analyze the indoor thermal and visual environment for the winter. The physical, environmental, and personal factors for indoor thermal and lighting parameters of visual assessment were monitored. A sample size of nighty eight students was selected for the study by applying probability and snowball sampling techniques. The study was conducted by utilizing the occupant's survey and asses the findings on the standards established by the international organization, i.e., ASHRAE-55. Results indicate that occupant's response towards visual comfort is positive, while indoor thermal quality deviates from a set of standards established by the organization. Major sources of discomfort in the indoor environment, specifically in winter, are moving air and poor working of the heating mechanism. Thus, smart control sensors should be integrated to regulate the quality standards, occupancy sensors, BAC (Building et al.) systems, and lighting control systems that allow individuals to adjust according to their comfort range. Regulates the follow-up feedback from occupants yearly to maintain and improve the indoor thermal and visual comfort of the campus. The study examined the interventions and underlined the influence of indoor thermal and visual comfort on students learning outcomes in higher education contexts. A comprehensive study of each department should also be conducted to highlight problematic areas based on the study's parameters.

All-Optical Vacuum Birefringence with PW-Class Lasers: Case Study for the ELI-NP Parameters

All-Optical Vacuum Birefringence with PW-Class Lasers: Case Study for the ELI-NP Parameters

Evaluating the Quality of Studies Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Neutralizing Antibody Immunogenicity.

Objective: COVID-19 vaccine-neutralizing antibodies provide early data on potential vaccine effectiveness, but their usefulness depends on study reliability and reporting quality. Methods: We systematically evaluated 50 published post-vaccination neutralizing antibody studies for key parameters that determine study and data quality regarding sample size, SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination regimen, sample collection period, demographic characterization, clinical characterization, experimental protocol, live virus and pseudo-virus details, assay standardization, and data reporting. Each category was scored from very high to low or unclear quality, with the lowest score determining the overall study quality score. Results: None of the studies attained an overall high or very high score, 8% (n = 4) attained moderate, 42% (n = 21) low, and 50% (n = 25) unclear. The categories with the fewest studies assessed as ≥ high quality were SARS-CoV-2 infection (42%), sample size (30%), and assay standardization (14%). Overall quality was similar over time. No association between journal impact factor and quality score was found. Conclusions: We found that reporting in neutralization studies is widely incomplete, limiting their usefulness for downstream analyses.

A Study on Hollow Viscus Perforation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India.

Introduction Hollow viscus perforation refers to the perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, intestines, or other hollow organs, leading to leakage of the contents into the peritoneal cavity. This paper aims to explore the disease burden of hollow viscus perforation in Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital in Chennai, India, and its relation to patients' age and sex and analyze the etiology of hollow viscus perforation. Materials and methods This single-center retrospective study was conducted between May 2022 and August 2023, with a sample size of 100 patients. Data were extracted from the hospital's medical records based on the study's parameters. Results Our study shows that among the study group, hollow viscus perforation was more common in males (n = 78; 78%) than females. The highest incidence was observed in the 41-50 age group (n = 35; 35%), with the mean age being 43 years. The most common cause of perforation was a duodenal ulcer. Wound infection was the most frequent postoperative complication, affecting less than one-third of the patients (n = 29; 29%), followed by pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although large intestinal pathology affected only eight patients in the sample, it showed a high case fatality rate, with one-quarter of the patients (n = 2; 25%) succumbing to the condition. Conclusion Hollow viscus perforation is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and treatment. The etiology is diverse, ranging from peptic ulcer disease and malignancy to trauma and inflammatory conditions. Early diagnosis and aggressive management are essential for improving the outcome for patients with this condition.

Evaluation of thermal destratification performance and optimization of jetting parameters in a spray-bar thermodynamic vent system

Future operations in space exploration require the spray-bar thermodynamic vent system (TVS) to control self-pressurization in the cryogenic propellant tank. The submerged buoyant jetting, which is followed by thermal destratification due to mixing, leads to a decrease in tank pressure. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is developed to study the mixing and cooling characteristics induced by submerged buoyant jets in a fully filled, thermally stratified cryogenic propellant tank. The finite volume method is employed to perform transient simulations, solving the governing equations and turbulence models. The SIMPLEC algorithm is applied for pressure–velocity coupling, and the pressure terms are discretized spatially using the PRESTO! technique. Subsequently, dynamic response studies for various parameters are carried out. The results reveal that as the jetting cryogenic energy increases from 5.5 W to 88 W, both the average and maximum temperatures decrease by 0.8 K and 0.4 K, respectively. Adjusting the jetting angle to an upward 45° is beneficial in reducing the maximum temperature by approximately 0.2 K. Moreover, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is integrated with the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) to derive a comprehensive evaluation index that includes the average temperature, maximum temperature, temperature standard deviation, and jetting cryogenic energy. Additionally, by correlating dimensionless jetting parameters with the evaluation index, it is identified that an inlet Reynolds number of 158 and a Grashof number of 19,161 correspond to the optimal thermal destratification performance. This study offers significant insights for the design and improvement of the TVS.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Ski waxes and snow from cross-country skiing in Germany - Comparative study of sum parameter and target analysis

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are often environmentally exposed via discharge through human consumer products, such as ski waxes. In our study we analyzed various ski waxes from the 1980s and 2020s, to determine both the sum parameter values total fluorine (TF), extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF), hydrolysable organically bound fluorine (HOF) as well as targeted PFAS analysis. This showed that modern high-performance waxes contain up to 6 % TF, but also PFAS-free labelled ski waxes contain traces of PFAS with EOF/HOF values in the low mg kg-1 range. With the ban of all fluorine-based waxes with the start of the 2023/2024 winter season this will probably change soon. Moreover, we applied our analysis methods to snow samples from a frequently used cross country ski trail (Kammloipe) in the Ore Mountain region in Germany, assessing the potential PFAS entry/discharge through ski waxes. Melted snow samples from different spots were analyzed by the adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) sum parameter and PFAS target analysis and confirmed the abrasion of the ski waxes into the snow. Moreover, on a PFAS hotspot also soil samples were analyzed, which indicate that PFAS from the ski waxes adsorb after snow melting into the soil.

Secure equitable subdivision number of graphs

A dominating set S of a graph G(V, E) is called a secure dominating set, if for each vertex x belongs to V(G) \ S there exists at least one vertex y in S such that y belongs to the neighbourhood of x and a vertex y can be replaced by a vertex x without losing domination property. A secure dominating set S is a secure equitable dominating set if for each x in V(G) \ S and the vertex y in S, which replaces x, we have |deg(x)-deg(y)| is less than or equal to 1. In this paper, we initiate the study of a new domination parameter, the secure equitable subdivision number of graphs. Also, we introduce the definitions of the secure equitable subdivision critical graphs and the secure equitable subdivision stable graphs. Further, we study the construction of a secure equitable subdivision critical graph.

Scattering of Oblique Water Waves by Two Vertical Barriers Over Trench-Type Bottom

The problem of scattering of oblique water waves by two surface-piercing vertical thin rigid barriers over a trench-like bottom is investigated within the framework of linear water wave theory. The eigenfunction expansion technique is used to obtain a system of algebraic equations, which is further solved using the algebraic Least squares method. The reflection and transmission coefficients are computed and contrasted with the prior results. Physical characteristics such as surface elevation and horizontal force on both barriers are also determined and depicted graphically against various parameters to see their behavior. It is possible to strategically construct barriers and trench-like bottoms to regulate how waves reflect and propagate. This might mitigate the wave impact on ships, improving the safety, effectiveness and longevity of ships navigating through the channels. The highlights of the given problem include comparing the impacts of different depth ratios and barrier placements, followed by a study of the modulation parameter to evaluate standing wave patterns in the trench region. The specific circumstances for the formation of the standing wave are identified. Hence, understanding this study is critical for safe navigation because standing waves may produce hazardous conditions for boats, making navigation difficult and causing substantial damage.

Development of idealized human aortic models for in vitro and in silico hemodynamic studies.

The aorta, a central component of the cardiovascular system, plays a pivotal role in ensuring blood circulation. Despite its importance, there is a notable lack of idealized models for experimental and computational studies. This study aims to develop computer-aided design (CAD) models for the idealized human aorta, intended for studying hemodynamics or solid mechanics in both in vitro and in silico settings. Various parameters were extracted from comprehensive literature sources to evaluate major anatomical characteristics of the aorta in healthy adults, including variations in aortic arch branches and corresponding dimensions. The idealized models were generated based on averages weighted by the cohort size of each study for several morphological parameters collected and compiled from image-based or cadaveric studies, as well as data from four recruited subjects. The models were used for hemodynamics assessment using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Two CAD models for the idealized human aorta were developed, focusing on the healthy population. The CFD simulations, which align closely with the PIV measurements, capture the main global flow features and wall shear stress patterns observed in patient-specific cases, demonstrating the capabilities of the designed models. The collected statistical data on the aorta and the two idealized aorta models, covering prevalent arch variants known as Normal and Bovine types, are shown to be useful for examining the hemodynamics of the aorta. They also hold promise for applications in designing medical devices where anatomical statistics are needed.

Additively Manufactured Porous Metallic Implants and Their Surface Modification for Biomedical Applications: A Review

The evolution of three dimensional (3D) printed porous metallic biomaterials and their clinical applications are currently receiving much consideration. Many research works have been focused on the shaping by 3D printing of lightweight metal implants with improved mechanical properties. In the same way, the effect of surface finishes on roughness and porosity distribution on biological properties is still debated. Therefore, several factors need to be addressed and revisited in this context. This review focuses on the importance of porous metallic implant design and its relationship with biological and mechanical properties. First, the additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for bio-inert metals and alloys will be discussed. The review will then introduce the most efficient surface treatments and coating approaches for biomedical porous metals to enhance bone tissue regeneration, prevent corrosion, reduce revision surgery and improve implant lifetime. A critical study of the various parameters impacting the biological properties will also be carried out in this review.

Aerodynamic Performance of a Hovering Cycloidal Rotor: A CFD Study with Experimental Validation

A three‐dimensional (3D) unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes (URANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) toolkit for cycloidal rotors was developed and used to perform a parametric study. It included blade aspect ratio, side disks, pitch mechanism, blade camber, and shaft size. The influence of the pitch rod length showed the importance of the lift distribution between the upstream and downstream parts of the rotor cylinder. The application of blade camber significantly affected thrust and power, while having a limited effect on efficiency. A similar effect was obtained by varying the pitch rod lengths. The presence of a central axis in the rotor had a negligible effect on efficiency. The most significant impact on efficiency came from the side disks, which behaved similarly to winglets on fixed‐wing aircraft. However, changing the aspect ratio of the blades showed a similar response to that of aircraft wings, but with a smaller effect, making it conceivable to fly a square-bladed cyclorotor without side disks. To verify the CFD model, a cycloidal rotor was also built using 3D printed parts and carbon fiber tubing. It was then operated on a test rig where thrust and power were measured for speeds ranging from 408 to 2528 RPM. On the test bench, the blades were pitched with a uniform asymmetric mechanism. The maximum nose‐up pitch angle in upstream of the rotor axis was 34.8°. Due to its rotation around the rotor and its pitching in the opposite direction, the maximum nose‐up pitch angle of the downstream blade was 38.6°. The obtained rotor thrust and power curves and the flow visualization around the rotor confirmed the validity of the CFD toolkit.

Simulation of soil cutting blade wear

The results of a laboratory study of the wear patterns of blades of tillage parts are presented. To substantiate the model of soil-cutting blade wear in laboratory studies. Applied installation, providing rectilinear movement of the sample, one-time interaction of the blade with the particles of abrasive mass, and reproducing chip separation, inherent in most loamy soils. The dependence of the angle of inclination of the occipital chamfer to the bottom of the furrow, the width of the occipital chamfer and blade wear along the length of the sample from the cutting path, taken in studies for the main parameters of wear, were obtained. It was found that with increasing depth of cut, the intensity of wear increases, but when there are irregularities and undulations of the bottom of the furrow, it decreases due to the increase in the cutting path with lower loads due to the alternation of depressions and protrusions at the bottom of the furrow. With increasing hardness of the abrasive mass, the intensity of wear of the blade increases, at the same time the value of the stabilized angle of the occipital chamfer to the bottom of the furrow decreases, due to changes in the wear mechanism. With increasing cutting speed, the intensity of blade wear increases due to increased soil resistance forces and specifi c energy expended on its deformation and destruction. It was shown that the abrasive model of the soil corresponds to the real loamy soil for the study of wear of cutting elements. The expansion of the characteristics of the soil model peculiar to "nature" is due to the inclusion of additional components, in particular ceresin and vaseline, in the composition of the base "paraffin + quartz particles".

Effect of Einasto spike and isothermal dark matter density profile on the geometry of wormhole in [formula omitted] gravity

In the present article, we uncover striking properties of traversable wormhole solutions generated under a newly developed f(ℜ,Lm) gravitational theory. Two distinct dark matter density profiles—the Einasto spike and the Pseudo-isothermal model—are employed to demonstrate the existence of stable wormhole geometries with throat radii of 1.18 km and 1.41 km, respectively. Through a rigorous analytical and plot-based survey, we delve deeper into the exotic matter characteristics of these wormhole structures and analyze their matter content in the context of energy conditions. Impressively, both wormhole models exhibit an adiabatic index greater than 1.34 (Γ>43), indicating their inherent stability. What is more, our study of the anisotropy parameter reveals the attractive nature of these wormhole solutions, a crucial property for their potential traversability. This novel work not only broadens our understanding of modified gravity theories but also highlights the remarkable possibilities of traversable wormholes, opening up new avenues in theoretical physics and in the exploration of exotic spacetime geometries.

Pressure-induced lead-free halide double perovskite [formula omitted] for optoelectronic applications

The structural, electronic, optical, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the lead free double perovskites Rb2CuSbX6(X=Cl,Br) were investigated using first principles based on density functional theory (DFT) under pressure. Our calculated results are in good agreement with other experimental results. Electronic and optical features are pressure dependent, including dielectric effect, pressure-dependent refractive index changes, strong UV reflectivity, suggesting potential applications in solar heating reduction. Using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation, an increase in stiffness, of Rb2CuSbX6(X=Cl,Br) is observed with increasing loads, revealing its stability, making it appropriate for shaping. By analyzing the formation energy and Born's stability criteria, we justified the stability to check the mechanical and thermodynamic stability of the material. In addition, the mechanical properties of Rb2CuSbX6(X=Cl,Br) conducted with the study of elastic constants, elastic moduli, machinibility index, Kleinmen parameter and Vickers hardness. Our investigation indicates that both the materials provide significant potential for very high-quality optical data using optoelectronic applications.

Dynamical model for dog clutch shiftability

AbstractThe dog clutch offers advantages in mass and efficiency, but faces challenges in mismatch speed synchronization, which affects its shiftability. Face impact between dog teeth also reduces its lifespan. Our previous work introduced the kinematical shiftability condition that ensures impact-free gearshift but had limitations due to analysis assumptions. This study eliminates those assumptions, but uses a similar approach. Based on our previous work for dog clutch engagement dynamics, we develop the dynamical shiftability condition. Validation with full dog clutch dynamics showed an agreement. Employing another previous work that introduced shiftability map and parametric study method, we study system parameters impact on shiftability but based on the dynamical shiftability condition.

A meta-analysis of photosynthetic efficiency and stress mitigation by melatonin in enhancing wheat tolerance

BackgroundOur meta-analysis examines the effects of melatonin on wheat under varying abiotic stress conditions, focusing on photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water status, and photosynthetic pigments. We initially collected 177 publications addressing the impact of melatonin on wheat. After meticulous screening, 31 published studies were selected, encompassing 170 observations on photosynthetic parameters, 73 on chlorophyll fluorescence, 65 on leaf water status, 240 on photosynthetic pigments.ResultsThe analysis revealed significant heterogeneity across studies (I² > 99.90%) for the aforementioned parameters and evidence of publication bias, emphasizing the complex interaction between melatonin application and plant physiological responses. Melatonin enhanced the overall response ratio (lnRR) for photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and fluorescence yields by 20.49, 22.39, 30.96, and 1.09%, respectively, compared to the control (no melatonin). The most notable effects were under controlled environmental conditions. Moreover, melatonin significantly improved leaf water content and reduced water potential, particularly under hydroponic conditions and varied abiotic stresses, highlighting its role in mitigating water stress. The analysis also revealed increases in chlorophyll pigments with soil drenching and foliar spray, and these were considered the effective application methods. Furthermore, melatonin influenced chlorophyll SPAD and intercellular CO2 concentrations, suggesting its capacity to optimize photosynthetic efficiency.ConclusionsThis synthesis of meta-analysis confirms that melatonin significantly enhances wheat’s resilience to abiotic stress by improving photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water status, and photosynthetic pigments. Despite observed heterogeneity and publication bias, the consistent beneficial effects of melatonin, particularly under controlled conditions with specific application methods e.g. soil drenching and foliar spray, demonstrate its utility as a plant growth regulator for stress management. These findings encourage focused research and application strategies to maximize the benefits of melatonin in wheat farming, and thus contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.

Numerical Simulation Study of the Optimal Parameters for Dust Reduction by an External Air Curtain (EAC) in Continuous Mining Tunnel

Numerical Simulation Study of the Optimal Parameters for Dust Reduction by an External Air Curtain (EAC) in Continuous Mining Tunnel

Parametric AC Loss Study on 7 MW Fully Superconducting Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Generators With Concentrated Stator Winding

Parametric AC Loss Study on 7 MW Fully Superconducting Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Generators With Concentrated Stator Winding