Study Of Monuments Research Articles

Ґенеза туристичних дестинацій Центральної України як культурологічний чинник збереження самоідентичності українців в ХІХ столітті

The article is devoted to the analysis of basic culturological factors of the emergence of tourist destinations in Central Ukraine in the 19th century. The author attempts to examine social development in relation to the emergence of tourist activity. The paper describes cultural processes that affected both preservation of the identity of Ukrainians being under foreign reign and the genesis of tourist destinations in this region. The article emphasizes the significance of a comprehensive, thorough scientific research of this issue. Exploring the genesis of tourist destinations, the author draws attention to the importance of comprehensive interdisciplinary study of not only the retrospective of the preservation of the self-identity of Ukrainians in the 19TH century, but also the protection of cultural values, monuments, historical memory and people’s identity in the modern period of existence of the Ukrainian state. Methodology of the resesarch involves using general scientific and special methods, namely: analysis, synthesis, genetic, culturological methods, etc. The systematic analysis of culturological components of the corresponding period and region aims to identify the socio-cultural processes relevant to the research topics. The author concludes that the issue of identity is closely connected with the study and protection of historical and cultural monuments, development and popularization of the material and spiritual treasures of culture in this country and abroad, which at the same time are also attractive tourist destinations for visitors from around the world. This research approach in the sphere of formation, development of culture and tourism can be the basis for new professional research, advanced solutions and integrated measures of corresponding state bodies and institutions.

НАУКОВО-РЕСТАВРАЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ В МИСТЕЦТВОЗНАВЧОМУ ДИСКУРСІ: ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИЙ ДОСВІД ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The purpose of the article is to outline the scientific-restorative European integration experience as an important component on the path of the art history discourse of identification and preservation of architectural and artistic heritage beyond geopolitical understanding and territorial features. According to the goal, the task is to analyze one of the many examples of generative cooperation of scientific institutions and personalities of Ukraine in the sector of the cultural industry, in particular, the scholarship program of the Minister of Culture of the RP Gaude Polonia. The implementation of complex Ukrainian personal projects on the basis of prominent Polish institutions, supervised by experienced tutors, generates qualitative exchanges and the integration of new conceptual and methodological approaches in the scientific and restoration field. The experience of approbation of a high-tech creative approach to the preservation of painting layers from different periods on one basis – the process of transfer (layering) – which was implemented on the basis of the scientific research unit "Transfer of works of easel art" under the leadership of Professor Marta Lempart-Heratowska, conservation and restoration department of the Krakow Academy of Arts (RP). In the historical context, a significant part of movable and immovable sacral heritage is geographically preserved or constitutes museum collections outside the boundaries of previous historical ethnolocations, and constitute, to a certain extent, pan-European cultural and spiritual heritage. From this review, the observance of common principles and non-destructive methods of preservation and scientific processing of these objects, with the use of the latest technologies, becomes an important humanitarian factor on the way to European integration in the scientific and research sector. An in-depth study of monuments, in particular monuments of icon painting and common sacred architectural heritage, allows to change and improve the art history discourse, identify and classify movable and immovable monuments and introduce them into the scientific circulation of the European community, forming a new progressive humanitarian factor in the interpretation of architectural of artistic heritage beyond the narrow historiographical and territorial context, which is evidenced in the practice of UNESCO’s activities, Centrum Architektury Drewnianej, Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa (Рoland).

Вклад казахского ученого Алькея Маргулана в историческую науку Казахстана

In the article, the author examines the activities of Kazakh scientist, archaeologist, orientalist, historian, literary critic, art critic, and academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alkey Khakanovich Margulan, and his contribution to the development of historical culture of Kazakhstan. The author comprehensively explores his scientific activity in Southern Kazakhstan and focuses on his contribution and new scientific discoveries on the territory of the Kazakh land. Alkey Khakanovich Margulan began his career in the field of science at a time when the ideological press was pressuring many scientists. The article considers the change of perspective from the study of Kazakh folk folklore to the study of monuments of material culture and ancient art, as well as his activities as a researcher at the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, taking part in the creation of a scientific publication “The History of the Kazakh SSR (from ancient times to the present day)”. He made a great contribution to the development of archeology on the territory of Kazakhstan in the difficult post-war years. The author separately examines the activities of academician Alkey Margulan as the founder of archeology in Kazakhstan, as well as the influence of Stalinist repression and ideological pressure on the work of the academician. Special attention is paid to his study of the folk epic, and the influence on the future fate associated with the study of archaeology. The article uses documents of the central archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, periodical press materials, scientific papers. The author studied the sources and historiography of the problem devoted to the topic under study.

Lexical and semantic features of the written monuments in the Mamluk-Kipchak language (13-15th centuries)

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Arabic-Kipchak dictionaries written during the Mamluks and linguistic materials preserved in the monument «Irshadulmuluk uas-salatin», one of the largest works in the Mamluk-Kipchak language. In addition, the level of study of monuments is determined, and a structural and substantive description of the manuscripts are given. For determining the lexical and semantic features of medieval manuscripts written in the Mamluk-Kipchak language, semantic units in written monuments of the 13-15th centuries, such as «Tarzhuman», «Ad-Durra», «Al-Kawanin», «Irshadul-muluk uas-salatin» were divided into thematic groups. A comparative analysis of the linguistic signs preserved in the exhibits is carried out, and lexical-semantic features of works are revealed. If somebody wants to know and understand his or her nation, it is necessary for everybody to know what kind of people it interacted with in the past, what culture it contacted and what contribution it made to the world civilization. Therefore, today it is necessary to revive the peoples’ spiritual values and study the nation history. Written monuments and documents of historical significance in the Turkic peoples’ cultural heritage, stored in foreign libraries and archives, have not been comprehensively studied yet. A comprehensive study of the linguistic materials in these inscriptions makes it possible to reveal the features of the Turkic-Arab historical, political, military, economic, cultural, linguistic and religious ties.

Comparative characteristic of the ways of development of the Kaniv natural reserve and “Khortytsia” national reserve

The purpose of the article is to assess the degree of development of the Kaniv reserve from the point of view of the modern concept of development of the reserve management.
 The methodology. In the research we used a historical approach, a systematic approach, a comparative method was used as a main one. It is the comparative method that makes it possible to assess the state of reserves and their development prospects, to determine their strengths and weaknesses.
 The results. On the example of the Kaniv natural reserve, there are significant gaps in the systemic development of the organization of the work of the reserve. Kaniv reserve was founded on July 30, 1923, and Khortytsia national reserve — much later, in 1965. Both reserves are characterized by the presence of a significant number of both natural and historical and cultural sites. However, the history of the creation of the two institutions was different. If the initial stage of their existence in both cases was characterized by the complexity of nature conservation and works on the protection of monuments, then in further history one can find differences in attitudes towards historical and cultural monuments and their research.
 The scientific novelty of the article lies in the identification of shortcomings and omissions in the vector of development of nature reserves in Ukraine, in particular, Kaniv natural reserve.
 The Khortytsia national reserve retains its complexity and constantly improves the forms of study and popularization of historical and cultural monuments and their museums. Unfortunately, there is no museum in the Kaniv reserve and in general archaeological monuments are not used in the excursion work of the reserve. This article studies this problem and suggests the ways to resolve it.
 The practical significance of the article is to determine the possibilities of intensifying and improving the work of the reserve, in particular, increasing the level of tourism potential.

Negative constructions in theory and practice: Ukrainian-Belarusian parallels

In the article the material of monumental texts of the Ukrainian language of the 16th – the first half of the 17th century (business documents, artistic, polemical, chronicle, scientific and confessional literature) and the studied monuments of the Old Belarusian language are studied the diachronic aspect of the use of case forms (generic or accusative) in negative verb constructions; their functioning in modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages is analyzed.
 It has been revealed that in the monuments of the Ukrainian language of the specified period the accusative case in denial is inferior to the generic one. The use of certain syntactic models (parallel use of genitive and accusative forms in the pre- and postposition) was determined by the general style and place of writing the monuments. In studies of monuments of the Old Belarusian language in this position the genitive was fixed, and sometimes in negative constructions the accusative and the genitive were allowed at the same time.
 In the linguistics of the 20th – early 21st century philologists have repeatedly drawn attention to the peculiarities of the use of genitive and accusative cases in negative constructions both on the All-Slavic background and on the material of individual languages.
 Synchronously, it has been revealed that in the modern Ukrainian language the literary norm in negative constructions is the use of the genitive case instead of the accusative. However, there is no noticeable tendency to replace the accusative and the genitive in verbs with a negative participle not, as there are many cases of using the possessive case in literature and in everyday speech. On the other hand, there is no unanimity in the grammars of the modern Belarusian language on this issue: some scholars believe that both generic and possessive cases are possible in negative constructions, while others believe that only generic is possible. However, from a sample of analyzed works of Belarusian writers of the twentieth century, artistic and journalistic posts, as well as conversational style records, it can be argued that there are only a few cases of use of the accusative case, in particular in proverbs and sayings, and only the genitive is dominant in the negative constructions.

FOLK APPLIED ART AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF UZBEK NATIONAL AND MODERN ARCHITECTURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ANDIJAN ARCHITECTURE)

Experts comment on the formation of four schools of architecture - Samarkand, Bukhara, Tashkent, and Fergana (Kokand Khanate), their distinctive features. We do not have a source. During the study of the architectural monuments of that period and preserved to this day, we got acquainted with the activities of several masters, original architects, and masters of architectural decoration, dynasties of masters. LI Rempel writes it developed in mystery painting and tiling.

Introducing the Non-Destructive Method of Photogrammetry in the Study and Servey of Historical Monuments

Introducing the Non-Destructive Method of Photogrammetry in the Study and Servey of Historical Monuments

Development of intellectual and creative activity of teenagers in the study of historical and cultural monuments of England

The article about the intellectual and creative activity of teenagers is especially productive if it is devoted to the knowledge of artistic values. Here, intelligence and creativity are activated. Moreover, in adolescence, there is a lively interest in art and a great need for its knowledge at the logical-cognitive and artistic-aesthetic levels. In dealing with highly artistic works (in preparing teenagers for their perception and the process itself) logical and artistic thinking develops, with the maximum activation of creative thinking and imagination, generalization, and one's attitude, as well as reproduction. However, this is not enough for teenagers: intellectual and creative potential requires its implementation in any activity of cognition. It is in this process of intellectual and creative development with the result of activities (for example, cognitive and educational) that the personality of adolescents is formed.

Extracurricular classes on the study of historical and cultural monuments of England

Successful training depends not only on active vocabulary but mainly on the presentation of cultural material about England. First of all - from the general information about the greatest ancient-architecture as a whole which can be successfully solved during non-school time. With the maximum use of intellectual and creative abilities of adolescence, including adequate communication and education activities of adolescents. The article reveals the contents of new technologies, non-traditional and original, innovative methods, modern information tools that are effectively used in extracurricular activities, primarily for the development of intellectual and creative activities of teenagers - precisely not included in the teaching scope - on potentially-effective material about monuments of history and culture (Great Britain, England).

ҚАЗАҚСТАНДЫ ЗЕРТТЕУ ҚОҒАМЫ: ҚҰРЫЛУЫ МЕН ҚЫЗМЕТІНІҢ ТАРИХЫ

Although no direct, special studies have been conducted on the history of the formation and activities of the Kazakh Research Society, data and research related to its activities are reflected in the published pages from the 1920s to the present. One of the most important state issues in the early years of Soviet rule was the study and preservation of works of architecture and art, historical monuments. In 1918, the people's Commissariat of the RSFSR adopted a decree on the list of all material and spiritual relics in the country, and in 1919, the state Academy of the history of material culture (GAIMK) was established, which was responsible for the study, accounting and restoration of ancient monuments.

"I HAVE EXPERIENCED ALL THE BEAUTIES OF RUSSIAN PRISONS": MOISEI GINZBURG‘S EXILE TO PINEGA

To date, there are no studies in Russian and foreign historiography that would objectively cover the individual stages of the biography of the Russian and Soviet philosopher, historian and publicist Moisei Isaakovich Gintsburg (Dayan) (1877-1940). A significant body of his scientific heritage remains not involved in the research field, which is represented by developments on the history of the Jews, the study of the archaeological monuments of the Crimea and the issues of museum affairs in the USSR, which actualizes the topic of this study. The article analyzes in detail the initial period of biography M. I. Gintsburg, associated with revolutionary activities in the early twentieth century. Based on the analysis of a new corpus of archival sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk Region, the period of M. I. Gintsburg's stay in exile in the territory of the Arkhangelsk province in 1903-1905 is restored. In synthesis with the documents that we have identified in the collections of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, we were able to characterize the period of his political and revolutionary activity in the ranks of the General Jewish Workers Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund). The classification of the obtained data allowed us to restore the ideas about the political views of M. I. Gintsburg in the context of the brewing revolutionary situation in the Russian Empire. The new archival documents discovered and involved in the research field, as well as the description of the processes and phenomena described above, made it possible to supplement and interpret a new body of informative material on the history of key historical processes in the territory of the Russian Empire during the revolutionary upheavals of the early twentieth century.

ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДАГИ ТАРИХИЙ ВА МАДАНИЙ ЁДГОРЛИКЛАРНИ ЎРГАНИШДА ЯҲЁ ҒУЛОМОВНИНГ ЎРНИ

This article describes the formation of the famous Uzbek scientist Yahyo Gulyamov as a historian-archaeologist, the lessons he learned from his teachers, his scientific activity, his role in the development of history and archeology in our country, his archeological research, his study of material and cultural monuments. his devotion to science, his rich scientific and historical legacy to future generations. It is also said that in addition to studying the rich cultural heritage of Uzbekistan, he has worked on critical topics, insists on the study of different periods of Uzbek history only on a scientific basis, and not to falsify this or that historical event

ABOUT ONE OF THE EPISODES OF THE BEGINNING OF STUDYING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS OF GROZNY AND ITS SURROUNDINGS

This article is devoted to the one of the most significant moments of the beginning of the history of discovery and study of the archaeological monuments and artifacts on the territory of Grozny and its suburbs in the end of the 1880-th, correlated with wide spread of illegal excavations on the territory of the Terek district (Terskaya) and visiting this site by the directors of the main archaeological structures of Russia - count A.A. Bobrinsky (Imperial Archaeological Commission, St. Petersburg) and countess P.S. Uvarova (Imperial Moscow Archaeological Society (Moscow). The immediate reason for such attention was the rumors that reached the center about a find of the golden "crown" by treasure hunters in one of the mound near the village of Kulary on the river Sunzha. The Terek regional and district administrations of Grozny actively participated in the search. One of the officials, Yu.K. Churakovsky, also took active part in the research of local archaeological sites carried out by the Imperial Archaeological Commission and the Imperial Moscow Archaeological Society, as well as in the collection of numerous artifacts recovered by robbers from the mounds on the Chechen Plain in 1887-1888. In the end, the «crown», having become the necklace of Early Sarmatian period (E.I. Krupnov, V.B. Vinogradov, M.P. Abramova) came to P.S. Uvarova and was later transferred to the State Historical Museum. Twists and turns of the story are preserved in the correspondence of P.S. Uvarova to Yu.K. Churakovsky, once again confirming the importance of the epistolary heritage in the study of the process of the formation of archeology in Russia.

O'ZBEKISTON ARXITEKTURASI YODGORLIKLARINI QAYTA TIKLASH

The article is about restorers who have devoted their lives to the study, restoration and promotion of architectural monuments of Uzbekistan. Also, examples from the experience of restoration are given.Uzbekistan is a country of ancient culture, whose monuments are living witnesses of the creative genius of the people. Since the 1920s, significant works on their restoration are presented here, during which a kind of restoration school was formed, which is more than 100 years old; in this important matter, a special place belongs to two leading specialists -restorers -M.F. Mauer and B.N. Zasypkin. The article tells about the scientific and creative activities and the legacy of these restorers.The significance of the article lies in the application of the results of the conducted scientific research of the activities of restorers and architects of Uzbekistan in the modern practice of the restoration of architectural monuments. Also, the presentation of scientific methods for restoration on the example of the works of M. F. Mauer, B. N. Zasypkin, L. Yu. Mankovskaya, I. I. Notkin contributes to the preservation of the architectural heritage of Uzbekistan

The Orientation of Ancient Monuments in Sweden - A Critique of Archaeoastronorny and an Alternative Interpretation

The results of three archaeoastronomical studies of Scandinavian ancient monuments are discussed and dismissed as unconvincing. The necessity of a broader approach to the problem of orientation is emphasised. The mean orientations of several groups of ancient monuments in Sweden are presented. It is suggested that graves, as well as other ancient monuments, are roughly oriented according to the four cardinal points, although the conception of the cardinal points was not the same as it is now. Two different ancient conceptions are suggested, the B- and C-systems. Possible social and religious background and astronomical principles are discussed.

Review: Angkor Wat: A Transcultural History of Heritage

Review: <i>Angkor Wat: A Transcultural History of Heritage</i>

Multilayer Site Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya): Preliminary Results of the Study of Cultural Layers 3 and 4

The Chikoy archaeological expedition led by M. V. Konstantinova has been studying the Ust-Menzinsky archaeological complex in the territory of Western Transbaikalia since 1980. Particular attention is paid to the study of Paleolithic monuments within the framework of multilayer objects. They represent a unique opportunity for reconstructing the variability and continuity of paleotechnologies, as well as paleogeographic and paleoclimatic conditions of the Late Pleistocene. Of particular interest is the settlement of Ust-Menza-5, located on the IV terrace with a height of 20–22 m. In 2012, a systematic study of even higher levels of Ust-Menza began. As a result of these works, the sites Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya) and Ust-Menza 15 (Kedrovaya) were studied. In the framework of this article, we will consider the preliminary results of the study of cultural layers 3 and 4 of the multilayer site Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya). As a result of studies of the site, carried out at an altitude of 32 m above the Menza river edge, within the framework of an excavation of 100 m2, 7 cultural layers were identified, deposits 8 m thick were studied. Cultural layers 3 and 4 were attributed to two generations of ancient man in the middle pore of the upper Paleolithic in the range of 19–27 thousand years ago. This period is the least studied within the periodization of the Stone Age of Transbaikalia. The results of the study of cultural layers 3 and 4 of Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdeva) make it possible to actualize and significantly supplement the ideas about the variability of the stone industries of Transbaikalia in the final of MIS 3 ‒ the first half of MIS 2. The author took an active part in fieldwork, office processing, preparation of scientific reports and analysis of the revealed materials. Keywords: Western Transbaikal, Ust-Menza 6 (Gruzdevaya), multilayer site, Middle period of the Upper Paleolithic, stone inventory, stratigraphy, absolute dating

Осман Акчокраклы: неизвестные страницы биографии

This article presents the biography of the prominent ascetic of the study of the oriental monuments of the Crimea Osman Akchokrakly (1879–1938), compiled on the basis of documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the epistolary heritage of the Crimean scholars. The author restored contacts of this scientist with A. Bertier de la Garde and V. Smirnov –they are prominent figures of the historical Crimean studies. The study contains the complete texts of unique documents – «Curriculum vitae» by O. Akchokrakly, which was presented when joining the university, and a letter of recommendation from Professor Bekir Choban-zade. The role of the researcher in the large-scale scientific expedition in Solkhat (Stary Krym) held in 1925-1926 is also noted. Finally, participation of O. Akchokrakly in the work of the Tauride Society of History, Archeology and Ethnography, All-Union Conferences of Archaeologists of the USSR, All-Union and All-Ukrainian Scientific Associations of Orientalists is revealed.

OLD BELARUSIAN BUSINESS WRITING VOCABULARY FROM THE MIDDLE 16th TO 18th CENTURIES: WAYS OF REPLENISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

The article summarizes the results of the lexical studies of the Belarusian business monuments from the middle 16th to 18th centuries. The studies found the following results: 1) lexical units noted in business monuments of different genres can be divided into eight large thematic groups (legal, social and political, clerical, economic, household, professional and industrial, natural science vocabularies, and vocabulary that characterizes a person physically, mentally, and intellectually); religious, military, medical vocabularies, and lexical units from other spheres are represented to a lesser extent; polyfunctional vocabulary is highlighted separately; 2) taking into account the materials of the “Histaryčny sloŭnik bielaruskaj movy” (“Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language”), some innovations are determined, namely a) lexical units that were fixed in business writing during the specified period for the first time, b) previously known lexical units that implemented new meaning / new meanings in business writing during the specified period; 3) the dominance of certain thematic groups or their subgroups in each specific monument depends on its genre; 4) by style, one can distinguish lexemes, which were fixed in monuments of a) business content, b) business and secular-artistic content, c) business and religious content, d) business, religious and secular-artistic content during the period from the middle 16th to 18th centuries; 5) the extremely wide representation of Latinisms, the penetration and consolidation of which was influenced by extra- and intralinguistic factors, is a characteristic feature of the business writing vocabulary of the specified period. The results of the research will be important for the preparation and creation of scientific and theoretical works devoted to the evolution of the lexical system of the Belarusian language in general and its stylistic and genre varieties, in particular, to the characteristics of the vocabulary features of different Old Belarusian monuments; when compiling special lexicographic reference books, for example, a consolidated dictionary of business texts of a specific chronological section / local fixation / specific genre, etc.