Histomorphological Study Research Articles

Histomorphological State of the Pulpodentin Complex During Permanent Teeth Eruption under Conditions of Ecological and Technogenic Stress

The timing, duration and quality of permanent teeth eruption are directly dependent on the morphological characteristics of dental tissues, whose formation is determined by the conditions of formation. The aim is a histomorphological study of the pulpodentin complex of a tooth during permanent teeth eruption in children and adolescents living under environmental and technogenic stress conditions. Materials and methods. The object of the study is the dental material of children and adolescents of Udmurtia at the age of 5 years (eruption beginning) and at the age of 14 years (eruption completed). The material was collected with the voluntary written consent of the child and his parents. Groups of children were formed based on the conditions of their residence in relatively prosperous settlements and areas with increased environmental and technogenic stress on the basis of data presented in the State Report «On the State of Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Udmurt Republic». Scientific research was approved by the Committee on Biomedical Ethics of the FSBEI of HE «Izhevsk State Medical Academy» under the Health Ministry of the Russian Federation (application № 391 dated 05.11.2013). Histological preparations of the pulpodentin complex were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrofuxin, photographed and subjected to a qualitative assessment. Results. The dental pulpodentin complex in children living under environmental and technogenic stress conditions at the time of permanent teeth eruption (5 years old) corresponded to the indicators of morphological maturity. Minor deviations were represented by single obliterated tubules, heterogeneity of the dentine layer, and the presence of fields with poorly calcified dentine. By the time when permanent teeth eruption was completed (14 years old), areas of reactive-altered dentin, zones of the basic substance dilution with a predominance of inter-tubular dentin, areas with alternating layers of mineralized dentin, uneven arrangement of dentine tubules, the presence of dilated blood microvessels with the phenomena of stasis of shaped elements were formed. Conclusions. Permanent teeth eruption in children and adolescents living under environmental and technogenic stress is accompanied by negative changes in the dental pulpodentin complex. Data on the peculiarities of pulp formation in adverse developmental conditions should be taken into account in pediatric dentistry in the treatment of children and developing the algorithm for preventive or corrective procedures.

Regenerative endodontic therapy in immature teeth using photobiomodulation and photodynamic therapy; a histomorphological study in canine model

BackgroundRegenerative endodontic therapy (RET) is still coming up short to demonstrate histological evidence for true regeneration with clinically feasible protocol of cell homing in single visit approach.AimThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the regenerative potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) on RET in immature roots when photodynamic therapy (PDT) protocol is implemented for root canal disinfection in canine model.Materials and methodsSeventy-two root canals were recruited, with sixty assigned to experimental groups and twelve to positive and negative controls. Following the induction of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis, the roots were divided into two experimental groups: Group I received RET followed by PBM (seven sessions with an 808 nm diode laser at 300 mW for 90 s), and Group II received RET without PBM. Follow-ups were conducted at 1, 2, and 3 months (subgroups A, B, and C respectively). Qualitative and quantitative assessment was carried out histologically. All data were statistically analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni’s adjustment, as well as Chi square test.ResultsThe newly formed hard tissue highly resembled true dentine where the dentinal tubules looked well organized lined by poly layers palisading pattern of rounded odontoblast-like cells with cytoplasmic processes extending through the predentine layer. GI exhibited statistically significantly higher scores of vital tissue infiltration and hard tissue deposition in subgroups A and B (P ≤ 0.05). The inflammatory cells scores were significantly lower in GI than in GII at all time intervals. However, no significance could be detected regarding apical closure.ConclusionThe disinfection protocol of PDT and subsequent irradiation with low power laser in PBM protocol pose a promising potential for regenerative endodontics in immature teeth.

Lemongrass-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles as Preservatives of Fermented Locust Beans

Fermented locust beans (FLB), produced from Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae-Fabaceae), are used in many parts of West Africa, including Nigeria, as condiments to enhance the taste and nutritional quality of foods. These benefits are, however, marred by the short shelf-life of FLB. Traditional preservative methods and the use of chemicals have their shortcomings. This study, therefore, investigated the effectiveness of lemongrass-synthesized silver nanoparticles (LSSNP) as a preservative of FLB. The LSSNP was prepared, characterized, and used to treat fresh FLB at 10% v/w. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed a mean hydrodynamic size of 89 nm for the LSSNP, while transmission electron micrograph showed roughly spherical particles with an average size of 100 nm. Bacillus licheniformis KGEB16, B. licheniformis APBSWPTB167, B. licheniformis PS4, B. subtilis CICC10148, and Enterobacter xiangfangensis M5S2B6 isolated were susceptible to LSSNP with comparable zones of inhibition to reference antibiotics. A significant reduction of the microbial load of FLB by up to 63.7% due to LSSNP treatment was achieved. The organoleptic and proximate properties of LSSNP-treated FLB were preserved. A histo-morphological study showed normal hepatic architecture in rats fed with LSSNP-treated FLB. This study showed that LSSNP possesses antimicrobial properties and can be employed as a green and safe alternative for the preservationof FLB.

IMPACT OF LIGAND CONJUGATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES OF ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG FOR NOSE-TO-BRAIN DELIVERY

Objective: To formulate and characterize the ligand-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles of Ziprasidone Hydrochloride (ZH) and compare with its plain chitosan nanoparticles. Methods: Transferrin (Tf) conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles (CH-NP) containing ZH were prepared by ionotropic gelation method by using modified chitosan and Tf. Physicochemical attributes of nanoparticles which can potentially impact the nose-to-brain delivery were evaluated. Results: The Tf-CH-NP has demonstrated 207.1 nm mean particle size, 87.6% entrapment efficiency with a release of 89.34% at 24 h and has shown about 2.22 times more release than drug suspension and about 4.5% more than plain CH-NP. The similar trend was observed in Ex vivo nasal permeation study. Its acceptability was shown in histomorphology study, where a minimal inflammation seen, that might be due to the pH of the formulation. There is deeper penetration with Tf-CH-NP, which is more promising for penetration into brain. Conclusion: The formulated Tf-CH-NP has a greater potential due to ligand conjugation to reach the brain and, facilitate targeted delivery and enables better treatment of schizophrenia at minimal doses.

Rauvolfia vomitoria phenol extract relieves pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in Swiss mice and protects some temporal lobe structures

BackgroundRauvolfia vomitoria (R. vomitoria) is a plant of economic importance due to its diverse ethnomedicinal properties, including the anticonvulsant effect. In this study, we studied the antiseizure and neuroprotective potentials of R. vomitoria extracts against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling.MethodsTwenty-five adult Swiss mice (25–30 g) were assigned to five groups (n = 5): control group, PTZ treatment group, and PTZ treatment after receiving oral R. vomitoria crude extract (100 mg/kg), R. vomitoria phenol extract (50 mg/kg) or sodium valproate (15 mg/kg) every 48 h for 28 days. Seizure scores, cognitive behavioral tests including novel object test, Y-maze test, and the elevated plus maze test, as well as brain neurochemicals and histomorphology studies, were performed.ResultsCompared with the control group, the PTZ group showed comparable body weight and durations in closed and open arms (P > 0.05), but preference for familiar objects, significant (P < 0.05) spontaneous alternation, increased monoamine oxidase activity and nitric oxide level, and Nissl chromatolysis in the temporal lobe structures including the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. R. vomitoria phenol extract pretreatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced seizures, prevented adverse cognitive behaviors, decreased the nitric oxide level, and reduced the temporal lobe Nissl chromatolysis compared with the R. vomitoria crude extract pretreatment group and the sodium valproate pretreatment groups.ConclusionsThus, R. vomitoria phenol extract showed promising results against seizures and potential for general brain protection, suggesting that the anticonvulsant property of R. vomitoria may be attributed to its phenol constituent. More studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms of its action.

Efficacy of Ridge Augmentation with or without Ultrasonic Splitting in Pre-Implant Preparation of Narrow Alveolar Ridges Clinical, Radiographic and Histomorphologic study

Efficacy of Ridge Augmentation with or without Ultrasonic Splitting in Pre-Implant Preparation of Narrow Alveolar Ridges Clinical, Radiographic and Histomorphologic study

A Histomorphological Study of Urinary Bladder Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

A Histomorphological Study of Urinary Bladder Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Justification of pathogenetic mechanisms of ungulomycosis in cows

The article presents the results of biochemical, biophysical, and histomorphological studies of the hoof horn of clinically healthy cows and patients with purulent pododermatitis complicated by keratomycetes. It is known that the development of the inflammatory process in the area of the hooves, in particular, due to purulent inflammation of the producing layer of the base of the skin, complicated by keratomycetes, affects not only the animal body as a whole but also the quality of the hoof horn, which is characterized by changes in its individual biochemical and biophysical indicators and the structure of the epidermis of the hooves. In particular, in the hoof horn of animals with ungulomycosis, there is a probable increase of 35.6 % in the concentration of SH-groups and 16.1 % in the moisture content, which indicates the deterioration of the keratinization process and, as a result, the accumulation of excessive moisture content in the epidermis of the hooves. It indicates a deterioration in the quality of the hoof horn. It has been established that the condition of the hoof horn is influenced by other biochemical indicators, in particular, the concentration of Sulfur and Calcium in the epidermis of the hoof. Thus, with ungulomycosis, the content of Sulfur decreases by 19.2 %, and calcium decreases by 13.9 %, which indicates the deterioration of keratinization processes. Trace elements, particularly copper and zinc, also play an important role in this process. Purulent inflammation of the producing layer of the base of the skin of the hoofs, complicated by keratomicetes, decreases the concentration of these mineral substances by 18.1 and 16.2 %, respectively. Changes in the biochemical indicators of the epidermis of the cow's hooves due to ungulomycosis also affected its biophysical properties. Thus, hoof horn density decreased by 7.4 % and hardness by 17.8 %. It was established that in the presence of dystrophic and inflammatory processes at the base of the skin of the hooves, there are certain violations of the tissue (tubular) and cellular structure due to ungulomycosis. The horn of such hooves undergoes parakeratotic changes; loosening of fibers and destruction of cellular elements is observed. Thus, purulent pododermatitis of fungal origin is accompanied by changes in specific biochemical and biophysical parameters of the hoof horn, as well as histomorphological changes. These changes lead to irreversible processes in the epidermis of the hoofs and are one reason for the transition of the inflammatory process to deeper tissues and the involvement of the entire cow's hoof in this process.

Anatomical and Histomorphological Study on the kidney of Awassi Sheep (Ovis aries)

Anatomical and Histomorphological Study on the kidney of Awassi Sheep (Ovis aries)

The oculomotor cistern and pituitary adenomas: anatomical and clinical study.

The oculomotor cistern (OMC) is a meningeal cuff filled with CSF that contains the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve [CN] III) at the level of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Only a few studies have investigated the involvement of the OMC by pituitary adenomas (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors [PitNETs]), mainly with relatively small case series. The aim of this study was to perform a histomorphological description of the OMC and systematically analyze its involvement by PitNETs from radiological, clinical, and surgical perspectives. Ten hemisellae from formalin-fixed specimens were studied with 3-µm sections. Digital image analysis software was used for morphological and quantitative assessments. Clinical, radiological, surgical, and histological data of patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for PitNETs at the University of Brescia, Italy, between 2014 and 2021 were recorded. OMC involvement was graded as not compressed, compressed, and invaded. The same surgical team operated on all patients. The OMC had an elliptical shape with an average area of 3.1 mm2 and a length of 5.5 mm. No cisternal points of weakness were recognized in the histomorphological study. Of 315 patients, 246 had complete data: apoplexy and CN III palsy were documented in 6.9% and 8.5%, respectively. OMC compression and invasion were recorded in 106 (43.1%) and 23 (9.3%) patients. Significant associations between OMC involvement and PitNET dimensions (p < 0.001), Knosp grade (p < 0.001), preoperative oculomotor palsy (p < 0.001), Ki-67 percentage (p = 0.009), and recurrence/progression of residual tumor (p = 0.008) were found. A new postoperative CN III palsy was evident in 2%: transient in 4 cases, and persistent in 1 patient treated for a recurrent PitNET who experienced a local infection complication. Preoperative CN III palsy improved in 10 cases. Significant OMC involvement by PitNETs might be underrecognized, but it can be treated using the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, and it affects patient outcomes.

Prophylactic Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Momordica balsamina Against CCL4 Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats

Introduction: Liver injury can result from various causes, including alcohol consumption, viral infections (such as hepatitis), autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and exposure to certain chemicals, drugs or toxins. It can manifest as inflammation, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, or acute liver failure, depending on the cause and severity. Treatment often involves addressing the underlying cause, lifestyle changes (such as avoiding alcohol or certain medications), and sometimes medication to support liver function or manage specific conditions. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing further damage and promoting liver health. Studies have reported the effects of Momordica balsamina on liver injury. Aim: This study aim to evaluate the prophylactic effect of methanolic leaf extract of Momordica balsamina against CCL4-induced liver injury in Wistar Rats. Methodology: The fresh leaves of Momordica balsamina were purchased at Marina Market, Sokoto, the plant was air dry at room temperature for 2 weeks and the air-dried leaves were processed with methanol to obtain methanolic extract. An acute toxicity study of M. balsamina extract was conducted with six doses (10, 100, 1000, 1600, 2900 and 5000 mg/kg) to evaluate its safety. Phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out to detect the presence or absence of carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, protein, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and steroids. A total of 42 Wistar rats (170±20g) of either sex roughly of the same age (8-10 weeks) were used for the study. After two weeks of acclimatization, the rats were randomly divided into six groups of seven rats each; group 1 (normal control) treated with distilled water and vital feeds; groups 2 (Negative control) CCl4 treated with liver injury not on treatment; group 3 (Standard control) CCl4 liver injury treated with 50 mg/kg Silymarin; group 4 (500 mg/kg M. balsamina + 2mL CCl4); group 5 (1000 mg/kg M. balsamina + 2mL CCl4) and group 6 (1500 mg/kg M. balsamina + 2mL CCl4) for 4 weeks. On the last day, the rats were anaesthetized, and blood and liver organ were collected for biochemical and histomorphology study. Results: The prophylactic effects of methanolic leaf extract of Momordica balsamina against CCl4-induced liver injury were evaluated on liver function tests (LFTs) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). This study shows that Momordica balsamina extract significantly (P&lt; 0.05) decreased the level of serum AST, ALT, ALP, TB and DB positively by inhibiting their raise at dose-dependent manner compared to the negative control, equally, the extract increased the serum level of Albumin and total protein when compared to the negative control. On the other hand, the extract shows significant reduction of serum level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) near to normal at varying dose. The finding of the prophylactic effect of methanolic leaf extract of Momordica balsamina on histology shows significant improvement on liver cell with notable recovery and appearance of the histological architecture of the hepatocyte at the highest dose (1500 mg/kg+2mL CCl4) compared to negative control group. Conclusion: The presence of phytochemical compounds and antioxidant properties as well as a gene that is responsible for its prophylactic effect may be one of the mechanisms through which the plant extract was able to exert prophylactic effect on CCl4 induced liver injury in Wistar rats. This study suggests that M. balsamina extract may be considered as an affordable and non-invasive treatment option for liver injury in human.

Histomorphological Study of Nephrectomy Specimens with Assessment of Prognostic Parameters in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background: Kidney is a major organ that is affected by vast spectrum of non-neoplastic (NN) and neoplastic lesions. Simple nephrectomy is done for nonfunctioning kidneys in inflammatory/ benign disorders, radical / partial nephrectomy is done for neoplasms. Aims: This study aims to study the different histomorphological features observed in nephrectomy specimens and to assess the significance of prognostic parameters in the evaluation of renal cancers. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study that includes 71 nephrectomy specimens received in our department. Results: Among the 71 nephrectomy specimens 57.7% were NN lesions. Chronic pyelonephritis and Clear cell type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were the commonest NN and neoplastic lesions respectively. Majority of RCCs were histologically grade 2 (50%). A significant correlation was found between tumor size and grade, tumor size and renal sinus invasion (RSI) and RSI was frequently seen in higher grade RCCs. However, a larger sample size is needed to generalize these results. Conclusion: With early interventions of NN lesions and detecting RCC in early stages the need for surgical management and radical procedures can be brought down to spare this vital organ.

Comparative Histomorphological study of small intestine between Harrier (Circus cyaneus) and Partridge (Alectoris chukka) in Iraq

Comparative Histomorphological study of small intestine between Harrier (Circus cyaneus) and Partridge (Alectoris chukka) in Iraq

Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi capsule enhances bone formation and safeguards against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis through innovative Mekk2-mediated β-catenin deubiquitination.

Bone homeostasis depends on the regulation of β-catenin in osteoblasts. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to diminish β-catenin activity via Wnt pathway signaling, leading to osteoporosis. Conversely, activating β-catenin in osteoblasts through mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (Mekk2) offers an innovative approach to combat GC-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Fufang Zhenshu Tiaozhi (FTZ) capsules have shown effectiveness in treating GIOP, but the mechanisms behind this are still unclear. In this study, Mekk2 knockout mice (Mekk2-/-) was generated by CRISPR/Cas9. These mice were then subjected to Alcian Blue-Alizarin Red staining and immunofluorescence to assess their bone and cartilage development. To establish models of GIOP, both Mekk2-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with dexamethasone (DXMS) and subsequently given FTZ capsules. We analyzed the resulting phenotypic changes in these mice using Micro-CT scans and histomorphological studies. Primary osteoblasts, isolated from both Mekk2-/- and WT mice, underwent qRT-PCR to measure key osteogenesis markers, including Runx2, Sp7, Bgalp, Col1a1 and Alp. Cells were then exposed to treatments with either FTZ or Wnt3a and the phosphorylation levels of β-catenin and Mekk2, along with the protein expression of Runx2, were evaluated using Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Additionally, C3H10T1/2 cells transfected with TOPflash-luciferase and Renilla luciferase reporters were treated with FTZ and Wnt3a to measure β-catenin activity. In our study, administering FTZ in vivo effectively prevented bone loss typically induced by GCs. However, it's important to note that this protective effect was substantially reduced in mice lacking Mekk2. Additionally, FTZ showed a significant ability to enhance osteogenic differentiation in primary osteoblasts, doing so by altering the expression of Mekk2. Intriguingly, the impact of FTZ on Mekk2 appears to function through a pathway separate from the traditional Wnt signaling route. Furthermore, our findings indicate that FTZ also promotes the deubiquitination of β-catenin, contributing further to its positive effects on bone health. This study suggests that FTZ plays a significant role in protecting bone mass in cases of GIOP. The mechanism through which FTZ confers this benefit involves the activation of Mekk2/β-catenin signaling pathways, which represents a promising alternative strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of GIOP by augmenting osteoblastogenesis.

Histomorphological studies of myocardium under the influence of pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine in the model of moderate hemic hypoxia

Histomorphological studies of myocardium under the influence of pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine in the model of moderate hemic hypoxia

Влияние современных кормовых добавок отечественного производства на гистоморфологические показатели мышечной ткани и внутренних органов кур-несушек

The article presents the results of studies aimed at studying the effect of domestic feed additives based on a 55 % water-oil emulsion of fish oil and flaxseed oil (Manufacturer: LLC Firm "A-BIO") on the histomorphological parameters of muscle tissue and internal organs (liver, spleen) of laying hens. It is worth noting that the use of drugs and feed additives in livestock and poultry farming can have both positive and negative effects on the animal’s body as a whole. Carrying out histomorphological studies of the muscle tissue and internal organs of birds after the use of feed additives will allow us to assess the degree of their impact on the body of laying hens. It has been established that domestic feed additives used in poultry diets do not have a negative effect on the histomorphological parameters of muscle tissue and internal organs (liver, spleen) of laying hens.

Bare the Black Mildew - Histomorphological Study of Fungi in Vicinity and Fungi in Tissue Biopsies of Mucormycosis

Introduction: The “Black fungus” epidemic hitting COVID - 19 patients has led to a scare among general public and inquisitiveness among medical fraternity about the probable source of this fungus. A wide range of fungi are seen in and around our vicinity especially growing on kitchen items like vegetables, fruits, other organic materials, etc. Hence, an attempt was made to study the morphology of these fungi and compare it with the morphology of fungi observed in tissue biopsies sent routinely. Objectives: 1. To study the morphology of fungi that grow in close vicinity especially food items. 2. To compare morphology of same with fungi that are identified in patient samples. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Pathology. Various fungi grown on vegetables, food, fruits and in the vicinity were included. Representative bits from these were fixed in 10% formalin and processed routinely. H and E sections were studied for morphology of the fungus under light microscopy. These were compared with the tissue biopsies of patients with fungal infection. Results: Thirty samples were processed (15 vegetables, 7 fruits, 5 organic materials, 3 plants). On morphological comparison of Group A with Group B, only aspergillus and candida appeared simila. Other details are discussed. Conclusion: Exposure to contaminated fruits, vegetables and other environmental materials maybe a risk for development of fungal infections in people with already existing co-morbidities/compromised immunity. Novelty: Attempt to explore common sources of fungi in our vicinity. Keywords: Black fungus, Fungi, Morphology of fungi, COVID19 pandemic, COVID, Fruits, Vegetables, Environment

Comparative histomorphologic study of basement membrane side staining and additional epithelial side staining of the anterior lens capsule with Trypan Blue.

To compare the histomorphologic changes on the anterior lens capsule by both epithelial and basement membrane side staining to those of only basement membrane side staining of the anterior lens capsule with Trypan Blue (TB). A cross-sectional study was done on 72 samples from patients who underwent cataract surgery between April 2021 and September 2022. After capsulorhexis of the TB-stained capsule, it was made into two halves externally and one half labeled as controls (sample A). The other half was immediately stained further with TB on the epithelial side and was taken as cases (sample B). Samples were analyzed for lens epithelial cells and basement membrane changes. The loss of intactness of lens epithelial cells, partial or complete detachment of lens epithelial cells, degeneration of lens epithelial cells, and basement edema were significantly higher in cases compared to controls, whereas intactness of the basement membrane did not show any statistical significance between the two groups. There was a statistically significant decrease in cell density in cases compared to controls. Staining the epithelial side of the capsular bag with TB is more detrimental to lens epithelial cells and paves the way for a further study of staining the capsular bag before intra-ocular lens implantation to reduce the incidence of posterior capsule opacification.

Histomorphological study of breast lesion in a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu

Various types of lesion from inflammation to carcinoma can affect the breast. Some lesions are common in young age group while others are more common in elderly age group. Accurate diagnosis is essential to relieve anxiety of patients. In case of carcinoma, early and accurate diagnosis can save the patient from metastases thus reducing mortality and morbidity. Histopathology plays a major role in distinguishing benign lesions from malignant lesions. Hospital based descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu over a period of eleven months (1st September 2022 to 30th July 2023). A total of 52 cases of breast lesions were included in the study. Among 52 cases, 17 (33%) were non-neoplastic and 35 (67.0%) were neoplastic. Among neoplastic, 21 (40.3%) were benign and 14 (26.9%) were malignant. Among non neoplastic lesions, inflammatory lesion (17.3%) was the most common diagnosis. Among neoplastic lesion, fibroadenoma (34.6%) was the most common diagnosis. All cases of malignant breast lesions (26.9%) were diagnosed as invasive breast carcinoma, no special type. This study helped us to analyze the histopathological spectrum and prevalence of breast lesions in this part of our country. It is well known fact that the histomorphological study of the breast lesions is an important aspect for the diagnosis, management and prognosis of breast diseases.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with Warthin like features- rare case report

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma with Warthin like features is a deceptive tumour and can be potentially misdiagnosed as a Warthin tumour which is benign, Warthin tumour with mucinous and squamous metaplasia or MEC transformed from Warthin tumour. We are presenting a case of a 25-year-old woman with recurrent solitary mass in the left parotid gland. Microscopically it consists of predominantly cystic areas and focal solid infiltrative tumour with mucinous, intermediate and epidermoid cells having complex architecture in a fibrotic stroma. Extracellular mucin pools seen. Cystic areas are lined by monolayered as well as bilayer epithelium with lymphoid stroma (Warthin like morphology). Occasional mitosis noted. No necrosis and perineural invasion seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumour is positive for P63, P40, CK5/6, EMA, Mucicarmine stain, diffusely positive for CK7. We reached at the final conclusion of low grade MEC, Warthin like features. Even though the cytogenetic studies are confirmatory, we emphasize the role of histomorphology study with IHC and clinical history in identifying this rare variant of MEC with Warthin like features.