Fluorescence Studies Research Articles

Impact of Surface Ligand on the Biocompatibility of InP/ZnS Quantum Dots with Platelets.

InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have received a large focus in recent years as a safer alternative to heavy metal-based QDs. Given their intrinsic fluorescent imaging capabilities, these QDs can be potentially relevant for in vivo platelet imaging. The InP/ZnS QDs are synthesized and their biocompatibility investigated through the use of different phase transfer agents. Analysis of platelet function indicates that platelet-QD interaction can occur at all concentrations and for all QD permutations tested. However, as the QD concentration increases, platelet aggregation is induced by QDs alone independent of natural platelet agonists. This study helps to define a range of concentrations and coatings (thioglycolic acid and penicillamine) that are biocompatible with platelet function. With this information, the platelet-QD interaction can be identified using multiple methods. Fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and confocal studies have shown QDs localize on the surface of the platelet toward the center while showing evidence of energy transfer within the QD population. It is believed that these findings are an important stepping point for the development of fluorescent probes for platelet imaging.

Steady-state and 3D fluorescence study reveals the binding of a dicoumarol analogue in subdomain IIA of human serum albumin with structural variation

Drugs exhibit pharmacological properties through their binding interactions with the target receptors. Coumarins and dicoumarols are known to exhibit diverse pharmacological potential. 3,3′-Carbonylbis (7-diethylamino coumarin) (CDC) is a bis-coumarin derivative with antioxidant activity. The interaction of CDC to human serum albumin (HSA) has been reported here. The fluorescence quenching of HSA by CDC at 303, 308, and 313 K revealed a dynamic quenching with a quenching constant of 104 M−1 order. The binding constant from spectroscopic methods was found to be 103 M−1 order. Thermodynamic parameters (∆S0, ∆H0, and ∆G0) were calculated from temperature studies using the Van't Hoff equation. A negative ∆G0 value showed the spontaneity of the interaction. A positive ∆S0 value and negative ∆H0 value indicated the major role of an electrostatic force. Further the binding was found to be an entropy-driven process. Site-specific marker displacement studies with 1-Anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS), warfarin, and ibuprofen revealed CDC binding at site-1 in subdomain IIA. HSA conformational changes were verified using synchronous and 3D fluorescence studies. Secondary structural changes in HSA were visible from circular dichroism results. Molecular docking results corroborated the experimental finding showing CDC binding at site-1 in HSA.

Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Snake Plant for Applications as Probe for Optical and Electrochemical Sensing of Hg2+ and Fe3+ and Bio‐Imaging Agent

AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CD) have been synthesized from Dracaena trifasciata (snake plant) following a one‐step hydro‐thermal method and have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, XPS, PXRD, TGA, IR, Raman, UV–vis, fluorescence, AFM and HRTEM analysis. The performance of the CDs as probe for the metal ion(s) using optical and electrochemical techniques has been investigated. The fluorescence study suggested that these CDs selectively detect Hg2+ and Fe3+ with detection limits of 13 nM (2.6 ppb) and 12 nM (0.71 ppb), respectively. The electrochemical sensing of Hg2+ and Fe3+ has also been done using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively, using CD coated Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) and the LoD value found for Hg2+ is 8 nM (0.45 ppb). The cytotoxicity test revealed that these CDs are non‐toxic and the bio‐imaging study exhibited that it penetrates into the bacterial and microalgal cell membrane showing good fluorescent image.

Investigation on the interaction mechanisms for stability of preheated whey protein isolate with anthocyanins from blueberry

Proteins and anthocyanins coexist in complex food systems. This research mainly studied the steady-state protective design and mechanism of the preheated protein against anthocyanins. Multispectral and molecular dynamics are utilized to illustrate the interaction mechanism between preheated whey protein isolate (pre-WPI) and anthocyanins. The pre-WPI could effectively protect the stability of anthocyanins, and the effect was better than that of the natural whey protein isolate (NW). Among them, NW after preheating treatment at 55 °C showed better protection against anthocyanin stability. Fluorescence studies indicated that pre-WPI there existed a solid binding affinity and static quenching for malvidin-3-galactoside (M3G). Multispectral data showed a significant variation in the secondary structure of pre-WPI. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation selects AMBER18 as the protein force field, and the results showed that hydrogen bonding participated as an applied force. Compared with NW, pre-WPI could better wrap anthocyanins and avoid damage to the external environment due to tightening of the pockets. Protein protects anthocyanins from degradation, and this protective effect is influenced by the preheating temperature of protein and the structure of protein. On the basis of the above results, it is possible to pinpoint the interaction mechanism between preheated proteins and anthocyanins.

Triplet state spectroscopy reveals involvement of the buried tryptophan residue 310 in Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) in the interaction with acrylamide

Using conventional steady state and time resolved fluorescence study of the interaction between a multi-tryptophan protein and a quencher, it is difficult, if not impossible to identify the particular tryptophan residue/residues involved in the interaction. In this work we have exemplified the above contention using a multi-tryptophan protein, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) from rabbit muscle having three tryptophan (Trp) residues at positions 84, 193 and 310 and a neutral quencher acrylamide in Tris buffer of pH 7.5. From the steady state and time resolved fluorescence quenching (at 298 K) with acrylamide Ksv, K and kq for the system have been calculated. Low temperature phosphorescence (LTP) spectra at 77 K of GAPD in suitable cryosolvent is known to exhibit two (0,0) bands corresponding to two tryptophan residues 193 and 310. Using the LTP study of free GAPD and GAPD – acrylamide it is possible to identify that the buried Trp 310 residue is specifically involved in the interaction with acrylamide. This is possible without doing any site-directed mutagenesis of GAPD which contains Trp residues at 84, 193 and 310. Tyrosine 320 is also specifically quenched. The results have been corroborated using the molecular docking studies. Molecular Dynamics simulation supports our contention of the involvement of Trp 310 and also shows that the other nearest residues of acrylamide are Val175 and Val232.

Interaction studies of water-soluble Zn(II) complex with calf thymus DNA using biophysical and molecular docking methods"

The binding between a fluorescent water-soluble Zn(II) complex of {2-[N-(2-hydroxyethylammonioethyl) imino methyl] phenol} and calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) was investigated using spectroscopic techniques. The complex was prepared and identified by FT-IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The significant changes in the absorption and the circular dichroism spectra of ct-DNA in the presence of the Zn(II) complex implied the interaction between the Zn(II) complex and ct-DNA. Upon addition of ct-DNA, the fluorescence emission intensity of the Zn(II) complex was increased and indicated the interaction between the Zn(II) complex and ct-DNA was occurred. The binding constant values (Kb) resulted from fluorescence spectra clearly showed the Zn(II) complex affinity to ct-DNA. The fluorescence studies also approved the static enhancement mechanism in the Zn(II) complex-DNA complexation process. The thermodynamic profile exhibited the exothermic and spontaneous formation of ct-DNA-Zn(II) complex system via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The competitive fluorescence investigation by methylene blue (MB), and Hoechst 33258 demonstrated that the Zn(II) complex could replace the DNA-bound Hoechst and bind to the minor groove binding site in ct-DNA. The viscosity changes were negligible, representing the Zn(II) complex binding to DNA via the groove binding mode. Molecular docking simulation affirmed that the Zn(II) complex is located in the minor groove of ct-DNA near the DG12, DA17, DA18, and DG16 nucleobases.

Fluorescence study of Ho3+/Yb3+ ions codoped Bismuth-boro-tellurite glasses

Ho/Yb co-doped Bismuth boro-tellurite glasses were synthesized by conventional melt-quench methods. Thermal properties of the prepared samples were carried by differential scanning calorimetry. UV–VIS-IR absorption spectra were studied for the calculation of forbidden energy gap and refractive index of prepared glasses. For the study of photoluminescence samples were excited by 980 nm laser diode, intense green and red emissions were detected easily even by naked eyes. The observed intense red emission is thought to be caused by a combination of excited state absorptions between different levels of Ho ions and cooperative energy transfer upconversion from a pair of Yb donor ions to one Ho acceptor ion, in addition to the usual direct energy transfer process from Yb3+ to Ho3+.

Synthesis and Fluorescent Characteristics Study of Two Novel Co(II) Complexes.

In this work, two novel mixed-ligand CPs that has a compositions of [Co2(µ-Hdppa)2(phen)2(H2O)2] (1) and {[Co(µ-Hdppa)(µ-4,4'-bipy)(H2O)]·H2O}n (2) is achieved through reaction of cobalt salts with the 5-(3,4-Dicarboxylphenyl)picolinic acid (H3dppa) with various N-donor co-ligands (1,10-phenanthroline (phen) for 1 and 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy) for 2). The structures and characteristics of these two complexes were fully examined via IR, TGA, and SXRD. Furthermore, their superior blue fluorescence properties compared to the original ligands were confirmed through fluorescence spectroscopy. These two complexes prepared in this study have enriched the choices for blue fluorescent materials.

Dansyl derivative turn off fluorescent probe for Al3+: Experimental and computational study in aqueous medium

A dansyl derivative sensor termed as o-PDDS (N-(2-aminophenyl)-5-(dimethilamino)-1-naphtalenesulfonic amide) was prepared and studied for detection of Al3+ ions in aqueous medium. The synthesized sensor was characterized and confirmed by NMR, UV–Visible and fluorescence studies. The performance of the sensor against different inorganic ions was evaluated with greater sensitivity for aluminum. Then a computational study was performed to propose the stoichiometry ratio between Al(III)-(o-PDDS). The o-PDDS sensor showed good linear responses toward Al3+ ions at concentrations between 0.3-133.3 μM and limit of detection of 1.9 μM. The binding constant between Al3+ ions and o-PDDS has been determined by using both the Benesi-Hildebrand and Stern-Volmer equation, and the results indicated a static mechanism of quenching and high sensitivity of the o-PDDS to Al3+ ion. In line with experimental absorption and emission spectra, density functional theory calculations suggest a stoichiometry ratio between theo-PDDS and Al3+ of 1:1 in the complex Al(III)-(o-PDDS). Furthermore, the interference study and real sample assays of tap, distilled, and dialysis water exhibited satisfying results, which provides the possibility of developing a simple and efficient aluminum sensor for field use.

Colossal C130 Fullertubes: Soluble [5,5] C130-D5h(1) Pristine Molecules with 70 Nanotube Carbons and Two 30-Atom Hemifullerene End-caps.

We report the seminal experimental isolation and DFT characterization of pristine [5,5] C130-D5h(1) fullertubes. This achievement represents the largest soluble carbon molecule obtained in its pristine form. The [5,5] C130 species is the highest aspect ratio fullertube purified to date and now surpasses the recent gigantic [5,5] C120-D5d(1). In contrast to C90, C100, and C120 fullertubes, the longer C130-D5h has more nanotubular carbons (70) than end-cap fullerenyl atoms (60). Starting from 39,393 possible C130 isolated pentagon rule (IPR) structures and after analyzing polarizability, retention time, and UV-vis spectra, these three layers of data remarkably predict a single candidate isomer and fullertube, [5,5] C130-D5h(1). This structural assignment is augmented by atomic resolution STEM data showing distinctive and tubular "pill-like" structures with diameters and aspect ratios consistent with [5,5] C130-D5h(1) fullertubes. The high selectivity of the aminopropanol reaction with spheroidal fullerenes permits facile separation and removal of fullertubes from soot extracts. Experimental analyses (HPLC retention time, UV-vis, and STEM) were synergistically used (with polarizability and DFT property calculations) to down select and confirm the C130 fullertube structure. Achieving the isolation of a new [5,5] C130-D5h fullertube opens the door to application development and fundamental studies of electron confinement, fluorescence, and metallic character for a fullertube series of molecules with systematic tubular elongation. This [5,5] fullertube family also invites comparative studies with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), nanohorns (SWCNHs), and fullerenes.

Facile synthesis of ZnO-Y2O3 nanocomposite for photocatalytic and biological applications

ZnO and ZnO-Y2O3 nanocomposites (NCs) were investigated for their photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue (MB) dye. X-ray diffraction study demonstrates that the hexagonal structure of ZnO has crystallite size compared to ZnO-Y2O3 NCs and confirms the cubic configuration of Y2O3. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the ZnO nanoparticles are spherical and ZnO-Y2O3 NCs have smaller particles with less agglomeration. The decreased recombining of excited e−/h+ of ZnO-Y2O3 NCs is confirmed over fluorescence study. ZnO-Y2O3 exhibits a more significant degradation efficiency (96%) than ZnO nanoparticles (86%) in 120 min. ZnO-Y2O3 NCs have antibacterial as well as antioxidant activity.

Mitochondriotropic agents conjugated with NSAIDs through metal ions against breast cancer cells

Two copper(I) polymorphs of formula [Cu(SALH)(TPP)3] (1a and 1b) were prepared by the conjugation of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) salicylic acid (SALH2) with the mitochondriotropic agent triphenylphosphine (TPP) via metal ion. For comparison, the isomorph [Ag(SALH)(TPP)3] (2) was prepared. The conjugates 1a, 1b and 2 were characterized by melting point (m.p.), Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The crystal structures of 1a, 1b and 2 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD). The ex vivo binding affinity of 1–2 towards CT (calf thymus)-DNA was studied by UV, fluorescence, viscosity and DNA Thermal Denaturation studies. Their inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase (LOX) (an enzyme which is mainly located in the mitochondrion) was determined. The in vitro activity of 1–2 was evaluated against human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (hormone depended (HD)) and MDA-MB 281 (hormone independent (HI)) cells. Compounds 1–2 inhibit stronger than cisplatin the cancerous cells. The molecular mechanism of action of 1–2 was suspected by the MCF-7 cells morphology and confirmed by DNA fragmentation, Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) Staining and mitochondrial membrane permeabilization tests.

Chlorophyll fluorescence is a potential indicator to measure photochemical efficiency in early to late soybean maturity groups under changing day lengths and temperatures.

In this study, we employed chlorophyll a fluorescence technique, to indicate plant health and status in response to changing day lengths (photoperiods) and temperatures in soybean early and late maturity groups. Chlorophyll a fluorescence study indicates changes in light reactions in photosystem II. Experiments were performed for 3-day lengths (12.5, 13.5, and 14.5 h) and five temperatures (22/14°C, 26/18°C, 30/22°C, 34/26°C, and 40/32°C), respectively. The I-P phase declined for changing day lengths. Active reaction centers decreased at long day length for maturity group III. We observed that low temperatures impacted the acceptor side of photosystem II and partially impacted electron transport toward the photosystem I end electron acceptor. Results emphasized that higher temperatures (40/32°C) triggered damage at the oxygen-evolving complex and decreased electron transport and photosynthesis. We studied specific leaf areas and aboveground mass. Aboveground parameters were consistent with the fluorescence study. Chlorophyll a fluorescence can be used as a potential technique for high-throughput phenotyping methods. The traits selected in the study proved to be possible indicators to provide information on the health status of various maturity groups under changing temperatures and day lengths. These traits can also be deciding criteria for breeding programs to develop inbreed soybean lines for stress tolerance and sensitivity based on latitudinal variations.

Assessing Partial Inhibition of Ribonuclease A Activity by Curcumin through Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Theoretical Studies.

Molecular interactions and controlled expression of enzymatic activities are fundamental to all cellular functions in an organism. The active polyphenol in turmeric known as curcumin (CCM) is known to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. Ribonucleases(RNases) are the hydrolytic enzymes that plays important role in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism. Uncontrolled and unwanted cleavage of RNA by RNases may be the cause of cell death leading to disease states. The protein ribonuclease A (RNase A) in the superfamily of RNases cleaves the RNA besides its role in different diseases like autoimmune diseases, and pancreatic disorders. Interaction of CCM with RNase A have been reported along with the possible role of CCM to inhibit the RNase A enzymatic activity. The interaction strength was found to be 104M-1 order from spectroscopic results. Quenching of RNase A fluorescence by CCM was 104M-1 order. Non-radiative energy transfer from RNase A (donor) to CCM (acceptor) suggested a distance of 2.42nm between the donor-acceptor pair. Circular dichroism studies revealed no structural changes in RNase A after binding. Binding-induced conformational variation in protein was observed from synchronous fluorescence studies. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a partial inhibition of the RNase A activity by CCM though not significant. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies suggested the residues of RNase A involved in the interaction with supporting the experimental finding for the partial inhibition of the enzyme activity. This study may help in designing new CCM analogues or related structures to understand their differential inhibition of the RNase A activity.

Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Study of Selected Tryptophan-Containing Peptides in an AOT Reverse Micelle Environment.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the utility of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in the detection of subtle changes in the local microenvironment of a tryptophan chromophore in a confined and crowded medium of AOT reverse micelles, which mimic biological membranes and cell compartmentalization. For this purpose, fluorescence properties of L-tryptophan and several newly synthesized tryptophan-containing peptides in buffer and in an AOT reverse micelle medium were determined. It was shown that insertion of tryptophan and its short di- and tripeptides inside micelles led to evident changes in both the steady-state emission spectra and in fluorescence decay kinetics. The observed differences in spectral characteristics, such as a blue shift in the emission maxima, changes in the average fluorescence lifetime, and the appearance of environmental-dependent fluorescent species, showed the utility of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy as a sensitive tool for detecting subtle conformational modifications in tryptophan and its peptides induced by changes in polarity, viscosity, and specific interactions between chromophores and water molecules/polar groups/ions that occur inside reverse micelles.

Evaluation of the binding behavior of ellagic acid with Trypsin: Spectroscopic and computational studies

Several investigations have revealed the ability of phenolic compounds to form complexes with proteins and change their conformation. In the present paper, the interaction between trypsin and ellagic acid is studied using several techniques. The absorption investigation suggested an interaction between trypsin and ellagic acid. The fluorescence study illustrated that the hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces have a role in the static complex formation between trypsin and Ellagic acid (EA). On the other hand, the thermal stability study indicated that the trypsin-EA interaction could lead to a higher Tm point (47.5 to 52.5 °C) and stability for the enzyme. Based on the CD analysis, the α-helix and β-sheet percent changed after joining with ellagic acid. Ellagic acid showed an uncompetitive role in the trypsin function in the kinetic analysis. Finally, the molecular docking and simulation investigations confirmed the structural and functional alterations in the trypsin structure obtained in the spectroscopic study. The results of this study help shed more light on the trypsin behavior against the phenolic compound, especially ellagic acid.

Riboflavin interactions with the chicken isolated carrier protein

Riboflavin, a member of the B vitamin family, is a water-soluble vitamin that participates in energy metabolism processes via two coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), in oxidized and reduced forms. Low levels of riboflavin have been associated with growth and developmental problems. In an effort to investigate the role of hydrogen bonding in the interactions between riboflavin and chicken riboflavin binding protein, the solid state geometry characteristics of a riboflavin derivative stripped of hydroxyl groups except the primary one, N-(6′-hydroxyhexyl)isoalloxazine, were investigated and found that π-stacking and hydrogen bonding involving the isoalloxazine rings are the primary intermolecular interactions. Subsequent comparative fluorescence studies showed that at neutral pH, in presence of the protein, quenching of N-(6′-hydroxyhexyl)isoalloxazine and riboflavin occurred similarly suggesting that the hydroxyl groups were not a key component of the vitamin protein interactions in the binding pocket.

Porphyrin-polyethylenimine conjugates as photodynamic polymers to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

The increase in bacteria resistant to antibiotics in clinical use has led to the establishment of new treatments for infections. One of the proposed therapies includes photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms. In this context, two novel polymeric conjugates, PEI-TPPF10 and PEI-TPPF20, were synthesized by the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction between polyethylenimine (PEI) and 5,15-di(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-10,20-di(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TPPF10) or 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TPPF20), respectively. The structures of these polymers were characterized by FTIR. UV–visible absorption and fluorescence studies indicated that the porphyrin units maintain their spectroscopic characteristics in the conjugates. The polymeric materials were able to produce singlet molecular oxygen and superoxide anion radical in solution. Furthermore, they were effective photosensitizers to photooxidize L-tryptophan and produce iodine in presence of iodide anions. The ability of these conjugates to photoinactivate bacteria was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A reduction of 7 log (>99.9999 %) in cell survival was found after an irradiation with white light (90 mW/cm2) of 5 min (27 J/cm2) and 15 min (81 J/cm2), respectively. In these conjugates, the remaining amino groups are precursors of positive charges in the biological medium, favoring the interaction with microbial cells, which improves the photokilling activity. The results indicate that both conjugates are promising photosensitizing polymeric materials for the eradication of pathogens.

Selective recognition of Zn(II) by a novel Schiff base chemosensor with the formation of an AIE active Zn(II) complex having picric acid detection ability: Application in live cell imaging study

The present work highlights the development and spectroscopic identification of a Schiff base chemosensor, (Z)-4-bromo-2-(((1-methoxybutan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol, (HL), for selective detection Zn(II) via turn-on fluorescence among a number of competing cations in a 9:1 DMSO-water media. The high binding constant value, measured during titration of HL and Zn(II), boosts to conduct a straightforward condensation reaction between HL and Zn(II) which results in solid crystals of Zn(II) complex (complex 1). In 7:3 DMSO-water media, complex 1 display Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) behavior, as a result of which, with increasing the water percentage, under UV light optically the cyan color complex 1 solution converts to green color with the enhancement of fluorescence intensity. The UV, fluorescence, DLS, and SEM studies, fully approve the probe's AIE active behavior. The AIE active property of complex 1 is implemented to detect picric via turn-off fluorescence. The chelation-induced enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) on and Excited state internal proton transfer (ESIPT) off are the key factors in showing the luminescence property of complex 1 and the distortion of aggregation behavior of complex 1 in the presence of picric acid leads to the turn-off fluorescence of the complex 1 solution. The mass spectral and IR spectral analysis supports the 1:1 stoichiometric addition of the probe and analyte and the structure of the probe-analyte complexes is optimized using density Functional Theory (DFT) study. Finally, the live cell imaging study enables us to independently verify the biosensing behavior of complex 1 and HL towards Zn(II) and picric acid respectively.

Synthesis of Galactoacrylamide and Study of Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescent Hierarchical Self‐Assembly‐Promoted Specific Interactions with Proteins

AbstractA new sugar based acrylamide, 6‐N‐acrylamido‐D‐galactopyranose (Gal‐acryl) was synthesized from D‐galactose in 6 steps. A solution of Gal‐acryl at basic pH exhibited concentration dependent fractal type assembly formation upon solvent evaporation as revealed by the microscopic images. The fractal dimensions calculated point towards Diffusion Limited Aggregation mode of aggregate formation. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of Gal‐acryl in water was found to be 49.3 μM. The increase in fluorescence intensity accompanied by blue shift in emission maxima of coumarin 153 suggests increase in non‐polar environment with Gal‐acryl concentration. The I1/I3ratio of pyrene emission confirmed more non‐polar microenvironment at acidic pH and vice versa at basic pH. Self‐assembly allows Gal‐acryl to exhibit specificity to lectin RCA120 as is demonstrated by fluorescence study further supported by turbidimetric assay. The fluorescence quenching studies with FITC‐RCA120 afforded the Ka value as 6.34×105 M−1, which is much higher than Ka values observed for small galactose derivatives. The present study may help in designing different fractal like glycomaterials with potential applications in drug delivery, bio‐sensing, tissue engineering, and as ligands to asialoglycoprotein receptors that are exclusively expressed by liver cells.