Study Of Emotional States Research Articles

EEG-based multi-frequency band functional connectivity analysis and the application of spatio-temporal features in emotion recognition

The study of emotional states in brain-computer interface (BCI) has a wide range of applications in psychiatry, psychology, et al. However, there is few novel feature extraction method integrating time-domain and space-domain features in emotion classification. This study explored the connectivity patterns between brain regions over functional connectivity brain networks in different frequency bands of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and proposed a novel feature extraction method to classify emotions, which provided a unique perspective on emotion recognition. We constructed phase locking value (PLV) matrices analyzed in different frequency bands. Then, three distance matrices, dF, dS, and dLE, were built using the corresponding three distance measures (the Frobenius norm, the spectral norm, and the log-Euclidean distance, respectively). And the complexity measures on those distance matrices were calculated. The distance matrices and complexity measures, as two features, were fed into the machine learning classifiers to validate the proposed method. Eventually, the dF matrix obtained an average classification accuracy of 83.96 % in the alpha band between positive and neutral emotions, the dLE matrix obtained an average classification accuracy of 84.12 % in the beta band between positive and negative emotions, and the dF matrix obtained an average classification accuracy of 83.56 % in the delta band between neutral and negative emotions. We conclude that the delta, alpha, and beta frequency bands correlate highly with emotions, and the brain's anterior and right temporal lobes are inextricably linked to emotions. In addition, the feature extraction method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the classification accuracy of emotions.

ASSESSMENT OF THE MANIFESTATION OF EMOTIONAL STATES IN ATHLETES

One of the urgent problems in modern sports is the study of emotional states in athletes. This is due to the changing socio-economic conditions that affected sports activities. An increase in loads, high competition lead to a high level of stress and an increase in emotional stress. Emotions show the state of the athlete and his attitude to a particular sports situation. The article reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of emotional states of athletes. Emotional states are a set of psychophysiological phenomena, where, in addition to motor reactions, various changes appear in the course of processes and are associated with different manifestations of emotions. They are distinguished by individuality, polarity, variability, integrity. Criteria for emotional states are presented. The purpose of the research is to reveal the severity of manifestations of emotional states of athletes in the conditions of the training process. The study sample consisted of 1545 athletes aged 14-18 years, of which the share of boys was 68.5%, girls - 31.5%. It was carried out on the basis of GAUZ SO "Multidisciplinary Clinical Medical Center" Bonum ". Within the framework of the study, attention was paid to such indicators as: well-being, activity, mood, neuropsychic stability, interest, emotional tone, comfort. The conducted research allows us to make a conclusion. In general, athletes are dominated by mental well-being, positive emotional states, a desire to practice playing skills with enthusiasm and attention, with the manifestation of a cognitive need, good health, mood, sustained interest and concentration in the implementation of a sports game, full inclusion in the training process.

A study of emotional states in candidates undergoing the diagnostic process for COVID-19.

Background:Waiting for results is often associated with a state of anxiety and restlessness. The current study is intended to study the emotional state of people waiting for their results after undergoing COVID-19 testing.Methods:A descriptive study was done among 140 participants enrolled by simple random technique over a period of 1 month in May 2020. The participants who gave sample for COVID-19 were assessed for their emotional state at two stages – after giving sample and during the waiting period before telling results to them. A self-designed questionnaire focusing on the demographics and emotional state was submitted by the participants distributed to them as Google Forms. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar test were used to compare the statistical change in emotions over a period of time.Results:Around 63.6% and 68.8% of the participants had neutral emotional state after giving sample and before announcement of results, respectively. The mean score of agreement with decision to test was 9 ± 1.6 and discomfort related to testing was 4.6 ± 2.6 on Likert scale of 1–10. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.01) was observed in mean response for “something can be done to help” after giving sample (1.6 ± 0.4) and before announcement of results (1.8 ± 0.3).Conclusions:Patients undergoing testing for COVID-19 undergo psychological turmoil and use various coping methods. Patients endorsed various suggestions including quicker generation of results, environmental changes and counselling services to help them cope better. Incorporating these suggestions may improve the diagnostic process in patients with COVID-19.

Мониторинг эмоционального состояния магистрантов и аспирантов ФГБУН ВолНЦ РАН в процессе учебно-профессиональной деятельности

Мониторинг эмоционального состояния магистрантов и аспирантов ФГБУН ВолНЦ РАН в процессе учебно-профессиональной деятельности

Conceptual Bases of Research of a Verbal and Nonverbal Pattern of Children’s Fears

Emotional saturation and dynamic nature of the modern life create psychological pressure not only in adults, but also in children. This is largely attributed to the ongoing social transformations that increase the demands for the intellectual, psychological, emotional, and physical abilities of people and their abilities to culturally regulate their own emotional states. The are the least secured participants of this process as their minds and bodies are unstable, defenseless and highly susceptive to the external impacts: their vulnerability and lack of confidence result in acquired anxiety and fears. Children of the XXI century are struggling to cope with fears that were nonexistent in the last century. The increased amount and complexity of school curricula, computerization, TV news of accidents, destructions, and disasters, broadcasted horror and action movies, criminalized living conditions, all that forms a new psychological reality in the minds of modern children.The problem of children's fears, commonly regarded as a thoroughly explored one (Garbuzov, 1990; Zaharov, 2000; Prihogan, 2000; Spivakovskaja, 2000; Jersild & Holmes, 1935; Girard-Fresard, 2009 etc.), acquired new forms and meanings in the swift ness of changes Russia endured in the last decades.Let it be noted, that when writing about children, a prominent Russian scientist V.M. Bekhterev pointed out 'the susceptive and impressionable' nature of the child's soul. The author urges always to consider the exceptional impressionability of the child, especially in such matters as the psychological health care. Sometimes a careless word said in front of a child about a murder or other terrible incident can disturb the child's night sleep or become a subject of nightmares. That is why environment plays a great role in the upbringing of children (Bekhterev, 1999, p. 153).V.K. Vilunas claims that the intensity of a child's fear depends on individual features of mental development and current social conditions in which the formation of child's personality occurs (Vilunas, 1976, p. 35).In this work, devoted to children's emotional states and, in particular, children's fears, we described multidimensional approach to exploration of the emotional phenomena and identified the types of multidimensionality in the studies of emotional states. Dimensional multiplicity (Wundt, 2007; Woodworth, 1950; Schlosberg, 1954) represents the creation of an emotional space, which can grow from one, two, three, or more dimensions based on homogeneous bipolar characteristics (attributes) of emotions. Modality-base multiplicity (B. Spinoza) represents differentiation of the primary, basic emotions, the various combination of which shapes other kinds of emotions. Complex multiplicity (Izard, 1980) combines neurophysiologic processes, expression, body movements and subjective experiences.Th e multidimensional complex we have created comprises the following measurements: quantitative - qualitative; frequency - intensity of the experienced emotions; spatial (location, area) and temporal (past, present, future) localization of emotional experience; the projection of emotions onto the micro and macro social environment; moral evaluation of the experienced emotions and self-regulating abilities in the context of their culturally acceptable forms.An integrated structural-typological classification of fears is developed where all of the children's fears are organized by their genesis: conditioned (formed by one's own experience), induced (formed by the people from the immediate social circle, mass media, peers), internally generated. This classification also includes their specifications on the basis of ethnicity and mentality. Conditioned fears are the fears caused by external factors serving as the sources of emotional states: the biologically conditioned fear (of animals, natural and other phenomena occurring in children's everyday life), socially and technologically conditioned fears. …

Spectral Correlation Studies of Emotional States in Humans

Utilization of a new approach to EEG analysis, i.e., spectral correlation, allowed significant differences in the spatial distribution of correlational relationships in spectral power to be identified for emotions of different qualities, i.e., anger and fear. In conditions of fear, the topographic distribution of intracortical connections in the delta range was more extensive and included the frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas. The emotion of anger induced changes in the pattern of the spatial distribution of intracortical connections in the alpha frequency range, such that a powerful frontal focus of connections formed in the frontal areas. The largest number of connections in the beta2 band (22 highly significant connections) was seen for the emotion of anger. Thus, generalization of connections in the high-frequency EEG ranges occurred in anger, while this was not characteristic of fear.

The Emotional Climate for Children as Inferred From Parental Attitudes: a Preliminary Validation of Three Scales

The present paper sets forth a theoretical rationale for the mea surement of parental child-rearing attitudes when these attitudes are viewed as creating an emotional climate for children. Studies of emotional states have shown that the three orthogonal dimensions of pleasure, arousal, and dominance are both necessary and suf ficient to describe any emotional state. Drawing upon this frame work, a succinct description of parental attitudes can be devised with reference to their hypothesized emotional impact upon chil dren. Three questionnaire studies were done with mothers of chil dren three months to eight years of age. Progressive development of the measures of pleasure-, arousal-, and dominance-inducing quali ties of parental attitudes yielded an 18-item pleasure scale, a 12-item arousal scale, and a 16-item dominance scale. These scales exhibited satisfactory internal consistency reliabilities and, as expected, yielded small (in two instances, nonsignificant) intercorrelations. Only preliminary validational data were obtained. When further validated, the three scales should provide a parsimonious descriptive base for parental attitudes and for the investigation of currently available attitudinal measures.

NEUROTIC SYMPTOMS AND EMOTIONAL FACTORS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS

The increasing awareness on the part of physicians of disorders belonging conjointly to the fields of internal medicine and psychiatry has focused attention on the study of emotional states in medical illnesses. Members of the psychiatric department of the Massachusetts General Hospital have been working for some years on these problems, and studies have appeared on rheumatoid arthritis, 1 bronchial asthma 2 and mucous colitis. 3 The purpose of these studies has been to investigate the role of emotional states and situational factors in the precipitation or exacerbation of these disturbances with an ultimate diagnostic and therapeutic goal in mind. The present paper on neurodermatitis is a preliminary report of another study in this series. The term neurodermatitis in this study refers specifically to the dry type of neurodermatitis of Stokes 4 and Becker. 5 This condition is essentially the same as that called atopic dermatitis by members of the