Study In Rural Area Research Articles

Preparedness, Challenges, and Opportunities for Digital Intervention for Chronic Disease Management: A Qualitative Study in Rural Areas of South Korea

ABSTRACT Motivated by the prevalence of an aging population and the associated increase in chronic diseases, coupled with rising medical expenditure, the Korean government initiated a pilot project in Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, a rural area, to implement a “smart online-to-offline (O2O) digital health care model” aimed at managing and preventing chronic diseases. However, there is limited understanding regarding perspectives and levels of preparedness for digital health among stakeholders at various levels. In-depth focus group interviews were conducted with elderly and non-elderly community members, health care providers, and staff members at Pyeongchang Health and Medical Center. The study found the presence of both positive and negative perceptions and a lack of preparedness across different levels. At the end-user level, it was observed that community members, especially the elderly, have low levels of health and digital literacy, compounded by limited access to social support. At the health care provider level, there was uncertainty about the acceptance of the digital health program. At the area level, the need to bolster health staff members and enhance their capacity was observed. Recommendations include: customizing the design of the online and offline service components by considering end-user factors (such as age, occupation, and household type) that may contribute to disparities in health; establishing a platform for providers to share their experiences to facilitate the effective incorporation of digital health into their practices; and preparing an appropriate provider payment mechanism.

Nest Defense Behavior of Suburban and Rural Red-shouldered Hawks

ABSTRACT Urban and suburban raptors live in close proximity to humans, and some species defend their nests and young vigorously, even diving at or striking humans walking on the ground. Such raptors may be more defensive of their nests than rural birds. We investigated (1) whether Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus) nest defense behavior differs between suburban and rural birds, (2) whether any environmental conditions are associated with aggressive nest defense, and (3) whether nest defense behavior is associated with reproductive rate. First, we used an experimental walk-up protocol to approach nests with incubating or brooding Red-shouldered Hawks at suburban and rural sites, and we scored the hawk’s response to our approach. We measured environmental variables (nest height, distance to the nearest road and nearest house, and habitat proportions within 500 m of the nest) and determined reproductive rate. Second, we used our historical database to retrospectively classify hawks as most aggressive, moderately aggressive, or not aggressive, and we measured the same environmental variables at their nest sites. We found that most birds at both suburban and rural study areas responded to our experimental approach with minimal nest defense, though suburban birds responded with higher levels of nest defense. Environmental variables were unrelated to nest defense intensity in the experimental study. For the retrospective study in the suburban area, nest height was the only environmental factor distinguishing aggressive hawks from non-aggressive ones; aggressive nest defensive behavior was associated with lower nests. Reproductive rate was unrelated to nest defense behavior in both studies. Knowing which environmental factors may contribute to more aggressive behavior may help researchers, managers, and residents better understand bird behavior and predict the circumstances under which problems might develop, particularly in urban/suburban environments.

Neighborly relations and self-neglect in older adults living alone: a cross-sectional study in rural areas of Southwest China

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aims to examine the association between neighborly relations and self-neglect. Methods We used the Scale of the Elderly Self-neglect to measure elder self-neglect. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between neighborly relations and self-neglect and its’ phenotypes. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of overall self-neglect among individuals with harmonious neighbor relationships significantly decreased by 79.2%. In comparison to elderly individuals living alone with poor neighbor relationships, those with harmonious connections experienced a 77.6% reduction in the risk of medical self-neglect, an 89.9% decrease in the risk of hygiene self-neglect, a 65.1% decline in the risk of emotional self-neglect, a 77.9% drop in the risk of safety self-neglect, and a 56.8% lower risk of social self-neglect. Conclusion This study highlights harmonious neighborly relations are an independent protector factor for self-neglect. Fostering neighborly relations might be a practical approach to mitigating self-neglect.

Association of Sociodemographic Factors in Affecting the Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour of Tuberculosis and HIV in Malang: A Community-Based Study in Rural Area

Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people with HIV. In Indonesia, the Tuberculosis prevalence in 2021 stood at 969,000 cases with an average of 354 cases per 100,000 people. Nevertheless, tuberculosis is often neglected by many people, whereas in fact, it is a preventable and curable disease. This study aims to assess the knowledge, perception, behaviour, and screening for tuberculosis and their association with sociodemographic factors in a rural area of Malang, Indonesia. Method: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. The subjects of this study were adults (≥18 years old) who could comprehend the Indonesian language. We included 462 individuals who were chosen randomly by a multistage stratified sampling technique in rural areas of Malang, Indonesia. A validated questionnaire was asked to be filled in by participants, which were selected randomly using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed on SPSS for Windows version 25.0 Results: This study found that most (59.77%) of adults from the study area are still unaware of tuberculosis infection, transmission, prevention, and its risk factors. Only 1.2% were aware of the importance of screening if they had contact with positive tuberculosis patients. Participants in the age groups of 61 to 70 and over 70 years old were 5.5 and 4.0 times more likely to exhibit unsatisfactory behaviour compared to those in the 27 to 30 age group. Conclusion: This study shows that knowledge, perceptions, behaviours and tuberculosis screening toward tuberculosis are still lacking in rural communities in Malang and showed that participant on younger age and higher educational subjects has better knowledge, behaviour, perception and screening towards Tuberculosis and HIV.

Impact of Children with Disability on Caregivers: A Cross-sectional Study in Rural Area of Jammu, UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Introduction: Children who are born with disability, more so intellectual disability are dependant on their parents for their daily needs. The presence of disabled child in the family adds to the caregiver burden which may read to emotional distress manifesting as anger, depression, stigma, etc. The study aimed to assess both the positive and negative impacts of having a disabled child in the family on caregivers. Methodology: The present, cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Jammu district using simple random sampling, two health zones out of eight were selected for the conduct of the study. All the disabled children were identified and their parents were interviewed using National Institute of Mental Health-Disability Impact Scale Scale after taking an informed consent from them (IECGJ)(NO: IEC/GMC/2019/892). Results: During the course of the study, a total of 101 caregivers of disabled children were interviewed. Both negative and positive impact on the caregivers was found to be in close approximation to the tune of 15%–16%. Among the negative impacts, financial burden was the most dominant domain followed by physical care of the child and caregiver health being affected. Conclusion: It would be pertinent to conclude that we need to empower the caregivers as an important step for the inclusion of these special children in the society. In this context, few recommendations have been discussed in the present study.

Urbanization impact on groundwater quality of selected rural and urban areas in Ondo State, Nigeria using Water Quality Index

Groundwater is the primary source of water in Ondo state, Nigeria, the study area for the research. However, there has been a rising concern in recent times with regard to the contamination of this important water source as a result of urbanization. This study quantified 13 physicochemical parameters (Turbidity, Conductivity, pH, Mg2+ Hardness, Ca2+ Hardness, Total hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS)) in ten groundwater samples collected from dug wells in urban and rural study areas and compared them with the WHO drinking water standards. The comparison reveals that 30.8% of the parameters had levels above the World Health Organisation (WHO) standard limits in the study areas, while 69.2% were within the recommended limits. Water Quality Index (WQI) computations were also carried out which revealed that 60% of samples from the urban study area were of good quality and 40% were poor, while in the rural, 80% of the samples were good and the remaining 20% were poor. Based on the statistical and WQI results, groundwater in the urban study area is generally of lower quality than that of the rural. Possible factors influencing this include surface sealing, seepage of domestic and industrial effluents into aquifers and over-exploitation of groundwater, which characterize urbanized areas. The study thus recommends regular monitoring of groundwater quality, integration of effective systems for safe sewage disposal and strategic city planning of urbanized zones to maximize runoffs for groundwater recharge to improve groundwater quality.

Measuring Greenspace in Rural Areas for Studies of Birth Outcomes: A Comparison of Street View Data and Satellite Data.

Using street view data, in replace of remotely sensed (RS) data, to study the health impact of greenspace has become popular. However, direct comparisons of these two methods of measuring greenspace are still limited, and their findings are inconsistent. On the other hand, almost all studies of greenspace focus on urban areas. The effectiveness of greenspace in rural areas remains to be investigated. In this study, we compared measures of greenspace based on the Google Street View data with those based on RS data by calculating the correlation between the two and evaluating their associations with birth outcomes. Besides the direct measures of greenness, we also compared the measures of environmental diversity, calculated with the two types of data. Our study area consists of the States of New Hampshire and Vermont, USA, which are largely rural. Our results show that the correlations between the two types of greenness measures were weak to moderate, and the greenness at an eye-level view largely reflects the immediate surroundings. Neither the street view data- nor the RS data-based measures identify the influence of greenspace on birth outcomes in our rural study area. Interestingly, the environmental diversity was largely negatively associated with birth outcomes, particularly gestational age. Our study revealed that in rural areas, the effectiveness of greenspace and environmental diversity may be considerably different from that in urban areas.

Real time probabilistic inundation forecasts using a LSTM neural network

Probabilistic inundation forecasts that consider the uncertainty in rainfall predictions are crucial for flood early warning systems to effectively manage and reduce potential risks posed by pluvial flood events. Timely generation of such forecasts is challenging with physically-based numerical models due to computational demands. In contrast, data-driven models have a relatively low computational cost and can generate results quickly, making them a promising alternative to overcome this issue. This study proposes a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network that can predict inundation progression over time at a high spatial resolution The network is trained on 1600 hydraulic simulations conducted using a 1D2D hydraulic model. With the trained network, probabilistic inundation forecasts are generated by combining the deterministic inundation predictions of 50 ensemble members of the rainfall forecast. The model is successfully tested for temporally varying rainfall events in a rural study area, and can generate accurate probabilistic inundation forecasts within seconds.

Assessment of Bacteriological Contamination of Hand-Dug Wells in Rural and Urban Areas in Ondo State, Nigeria

The study analysed the total bacteria, total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations of ten randomly selected hand-dug groundwater wells: five each from Alagbaka (Urban area) and another five from Ijare communities (Rural area) in Ondo State. Collins and Lyne’s pour plate method was used for the laboratory analysis. The laboratory results showed that 30%, 90% and 0% of the groundwater samples were above the WHO drinking water standards for total bacteria, total coliform and E. coli, respectively. Furthermore, the groundwater samples collected in the urban study area had total bacterial and total coliform mean levels of 24 and 15 cfu/100mL respectively compared to those of the rural study area with mean concentrations of 15 and 5 cfu/100mL, respectively. There was however no E. coli in the groundwater of both areas studies indicating the absence of faecal contamination in groundwater. It can therefore be concluded that there is a higher risk of microbial contamination of groundwater in urban land use than in rural land use and that groundwater in the study areas is unsafe for consumption unless it is first treated with appropriate treatment methods. For future research, the contamination level of other micro-organisms such as fungi, viruses, protozoa etc. should be assessed in study areas, as well the sources of microbial contamination in groundwater.

Energy and Business Synergy: Leveraging Biogenic Resources from Agriculture, Waste, and Wastewater in German Rural Areas

The imperative to transform current energy provisions is widely acknowledged. However, scant attention has hitherto been directed toward rural municipalities and their innate resources, notably biogenic resources. In this paper, a methodological framework is developed to interconnect resources from waste, wastewater, and agricultural domains for energy utilization. This entails cataloging existing resources, delineating their potential via quantitative assessments utilizing diverse technologies, and encapsulating them in a conceptual model. The formulated models underwent iterative evaluation with engagement from diverse stakeholders. Consequently, 3 main concepts, complemented by 72 sub-concepts, were delineated, all fostering positive contributions to climate protection and providing heat supply in the rural study area. The outcomes’ replicability is underscored by the study area’s generic structure and the employed methodology. Through these inquiries, a framework for the requisite energy transition, with a pronounced emphasis on the coupling of waste, wastewater, and agriculture sectors in rural environments, is robustly analyzed.

What can be done with today’s budget and demand? Scenarios of rural public transport automation in Mühlwald (South Tyrol)

Rural public transport is typically limited in its coverage, frequency and service period. This is often linked to a low and dispersed demand, which makes the provision of competitive transport services often financially unsustainable. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) might change this condition, allowing for an upgrade of public transport in rural areas. Nevertheless, current studies are mostly focused on urban areas, while the potential for rural applications remains underexplored. This paper contributes to this research line by developing a set of so-called AV scenarios for a potential upgrade of public transport in the rural study area of Mühlwald (South Tyrol, Italy). These scenarios are designed following three core principles. First, line-based and on-demand applications of AVs are not only individually tested, but even combined over space and time in different manners to exploit their synergy. Second, the performances of the scenarios are quantified by assuming the today´s agency cost budget, public-transport demand and peak-hour system capacity to be fixed parameters to comply with. Third, the uncertainties regarding the impacts of AVs on the agency costs are taken into account by defining optimistic, neutral and pessimistic variants of each scenario. Results indicate that the full replacement of current bus lines with a system of on-demand shared taxis might provide the highest performance improvements with the same budget as today, but only with a much bigger fleet. At the same time, the combination of bus lines and on-demand services over time (and space) might provide similarly competitive results while keeping the needed fleet size, service distance and service time relatively low. With this study, policy makers may get insights into the potential improvements of rural public transport that might be initially obtained with different uses of AVs, given a fixed agency cost budget and demand.

Urbanized Rural Women: A Study in Rural Areas of Gilan, Isfahan, and Semnan Provinces

: Considering the changing circumstances of Iranian rural women’s lives, do they still fulfill traditional roles? Have their lifestyles and expectations of themselves changed? To answer these questions, this long-term anthropological research was conducted in seven villages in three different and diverse provinces: Gilan, Isfahan, and Semnan. Our findings showed that some female roles in the villages have been eliminated or shifted to men due to developmental interventions. Women do not consider themselves in charge of the family’s economic activities. Instead, they tend to share the values of middle-class urban homemakers. They have pushed to abandon some of their traditional economic production roles, and consequently, they have lost access to financial resources and the public arena of the village. In a sense, they might have lost their bargaining power after some developmental interventions.

Decision support framework adapted to local conditions to select technologies for rural domestic sewage treatment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

The construction of domestic sewage treatment facilities plays a prominent role in solving rural water pollution and thus keeping the environment cleaner. Considering the applicability of the technology, the selection based on the sewage treatment decision framework is necessary. Although there are various sewage treatment technologies (STTs) available, the decision frameworks that adapt to local conditions for different rural areas are limited. This study proposed a new decision support framework for the suitability selection of rural domestic STTs. It integrated the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the mathematical model of quantitative relationship (MMQR), and the gray relational analysis (GCA) into the framework. EFA was applied to construct different application scenarios, quantitative relationships between scenarios and technical applications were established through MMQR, and GCA was used to identify the correlation between different standards. The framework has been tested and validated on real case studies in rural areas of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). The results clearly explain the technology selection process and justify the framework's user-friendliness and reliability in case studies. The proposed framework can provide scientific decision-making support for the selection of alternative technologies for rural sewage treatment in the YREB and also offer help for relevant research in other areas with unbalanced economic development.

A comparative effect of legume-based cropping association on the productivity of Manihot esculenta Crantz in the forest and savanna zones of the Central African Republic

The objective of this study, conducted under integrated management in forest and savanna zones, is to improve cassava yields in rural areas of the Central African Republic using a comparative approach. The study design is a randomized block design with eight treatments (0 to 7) and four randomized replications, comprising 32 elementary plots. The different doses of PK or NPK fertilizers and/or those associated with legumes (0-0-0, legumes, legumes-30-180, legumes-90-30-180 and 90-30-180) were tested in the districts of Damara and Pissa. The trial was conducted over one agricultural season. The analyses were done using R software version 4.1.0 and Excel 2010. The results show that the doses of 90 kg.ha-1 of Nitrogen, 30 kg.ha-1 of Phosphorus and 180 kg.ha-1 of Potassium gave good productions in fresh roots at the scale of the two localities with average yields of 60 t. ha-1 (T3: cassava + groundnut + NPK) compared to 29 t.ha-1 (T0: cassava) in the forest zone and 37 t.ha-1 (T3: cassava + groundnut + NPK) compared to 23 t.ha-1 (T0: cassava) in the savanna zone. Economically, after the sale in pods, the cassava + legume treatments (T1: cassava + groundnut with a profit of 765,000 F CFA in the forest and 435,455 F CFA in the savanna and T4: cassava + cowpea with a profit of 78,725 F CFA in the forest and 265,000 F CFA in the savanna) are profitable for the farmer-producers in the study area. The use of the results of this study in rural areas of the Central African Republic can improve the production of fresh roots and pods. In any case, a study on spatial arrangements in cropping associations (strip cropping, intercropping) can be envisaged in order to better manage the soil and optimize production in rural areas.

Towards an Integrated Approach to Solid Waste Management in Ghanaian Cities

Solid Waste Management (SWM) in cities has become a theme of utmost importance in urban geographycompared to studies in rural areas which have smaller population sizes and limited consumption optionsthat are relatively more manageable. Existing studies reveal that integration of formal and informal SWMactors is the needed mechanism to overcome SWM challenges. Integration is also at the heart of the 2012Ghana National Urban Policy, yet urban spaces are zoned under public-private partnership (PPP)arrangement with private formal SWM actors. How to integrate the burgeoning numbers of privateinformal SWM service providers still remains unaddressed owing to a host of disparate institutional,political, and socio-economic factors. Using field-based data collected in three open-air markets in Accra,this paper examines the integration pathways used to include informal SWM actors in the context of PPPand thence argues for the need to rethink current SWM approaches in a participatory manner since mostGhanaian cities are facing limited financial and infrastructural resources, growing inequalities andincreasing informality regarding urban metabolism flow.

Child feeding practices of mothers of rural coastal area of Navsari district

Poor feeding habits are one of the most serious barriers to achieving and preserving health of children under the age of five, as they pose a significant challenge to social and economic growth. To know the socio-demographic profile and to study the prevalence of Infant and young child feeding practices of mothers A cross-sectional study in rural areas of Navsari district, Gujarat, included 243 women, who had one child aged 12 to 23 months preceding data collection. Data were analyzed using statistical software Epi Info 6. About 32% of the infants had received pre-lacteals feeds, most common feed was Gripe water (44.9%). The colostrum was fed by 90 % mothers. Half of mothers had initiated breast-feeding within 1 hour after delivery. Only 88 mothers (36.2%) had given exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months. About half of children had received complementary feeding during 6–9 months of age. Most of the mothers (96.7%) were washing their hands before each feeding of the child whereas 61.7 % were cooking special meal for the child. Majority of mothers (93.8%) think that breast-feeding should be continued for 1 to 2 years. Continuing to emphasise nutrition education could go a long way toward empowering mothers to avoid using pre-lacteal feeds, to sustain exclusive breastfeeding for a prescribed period, to incorporate complementary foods at the appropriate time, and to enhance overall child-care through optimum use of community health workers.

Role of Dietary Management and Physical Activity in Control of Hypertension in Rural Areas of Punjab-A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: As reported by WHO, hypertension is the third ‘killer’ disease, accounting for one in every eight deaths worldwide. Many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are found to be associated with the disease. The present study aims to determine the role of dietary management and physical activity in the control of hypertension in a given population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted that. Study included all hypertensive patients (290) from the field practice area of a tertiary care institute. A self-constructed, pretested questionnaire was used to enquire about the socio- demographic factors and other risk factors associated with hypertension. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23 and valid conclusions were drawn by using the chi-square test. Results: Out of 290 patients, 204 (70.3%) were females and 86 (29.7%) were males. Univariate analysis identified decreased salt intake, decreased fatty food consumption, physical activity, stress management, and spiritual help as highly significant factors affecting hypertension. On multivariate analysis, physical activity, stress management and spiritual help were found to be significant. Conclusion: The study showed that physical activity, stress management and spiritual help were significantly associated with hypertension control among the elderly. Measures should be taken to create awareness about lifestyle modifications in the control of hypertension.

Elementary Students' Academic Stress in Distance Learning by Gender and School Environment

This study aims to reveal the academic stress experienced by elementary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding the implementation of online learning from home. This research was conducted in Malang Raya by distributing questionnaires randomly with a total of 22 schools which were divided into 12 schools in urban areas and 10 schools in rural areas. The subjects were 236 students consisting of 103 male students and 133 female students. The instrument used is the academic stress scale developed by the researcher and has gone through the stages of validity and reliability. The lowest validity score is 0.363 and the highest validity value is 0.560 and the reliability score is 0.769. The data obtained show that the level of academic stress experienced by elementary school students in Malang Raya is in the low category of 98 students or 41.53%, then 126 students or 53.39% experience moderate stress, the rest are in the high category. experienced by 12 students or 5.09% of students only. Furthermore, if mapped based on rural and urban areas, the data obtained: from a total of 122 students who study in urban areas 9.8% experienced high levels of academic stress, 49.1% experienced moderate levels of academic stress and the remaining 40.9% students experienced academic stress at low level. Academic stress data obtained from students who study in rural areas are 0% of students experiencing high academic stress, 58.1% of students experiencing moderate level of academic stress, the remaining 41. 8% experienced a low level of academic stress. If mapped by gender, male students experience more academic stress than girls, although the difference is not too significant.

Association between handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive function across ethnicity in rural China: a cross-sectional study.

Recently, the association between handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry and cognition has been revealed, but evidences are still scarce. Particularly, the association between asymmetric HGS and cognitive performance in various cognitive domains is unclear and whether this association is stable across ethnic groups is unknown. The population was from a longitudinal study in rural areas of Fuxin, Liaoning, China. The Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MOCA-BC) was used to evaluate the cognitive function. The HGS ratio was calculated as maximal non-dominant HGS divided by maximal dominant HGS. HGS ratio <0.9 or >1.1 was classified as asymmetric dominant/non-dominant HGS, respectively. Generalized linear models were used to analyze the relationship between asymmetric HGS and cognitive function adjusted for HGS, handedness, wave, age, sex, education, ethnicity, smoking, drinking, physical labor level, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. A total of 2,969 participants ≥50 years were included in this study. Adjusted for HGS and other confunding variables, there was an inverted U-shaped association between HGS ratio and MoCA-BC scores (P non-linear = 0.004). The association between HGS ratio and MoCA-BC scores was inconsistent among ethnic groups (P interaction = 0.048). In Han, only asymmetric non-dominant HGS was associated with lower cognitive scores [β = -0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.26 ∼-0.08, P = 0.027]; in Mongolians, asymmetric dominant HGS(β = -0.60, 95% CI: -1.35 ∼ 0.15, P = 0.115) and asymmetric non-dominant HGS (β = -0.56, 95% CI: -1.42 ∼ 0.31, P = 0.206) were all associated with lower cognitive scores, although no statistical significance was found. Asymmetric non-dominant HGS and lower HGS, but not asymmetric dominant HGS were all independently associated with impairment of Delayed Recall (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05 ∼ 1.74; OR per 5 kg decrease = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01 ∼ 1.21) and Fluency (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.15 ∼ 1.78; OR per 5 kg decrease = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02 ∼ 1.19). Both asymmetric dominant HGS (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.07 ∼ 1.67) and lower HGS (OR per 5 kg decrease = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10 ∼ 1.32) were associated with impairment of visuoperception. HGS and HGS asymmetry were all independently related to lower global cognitive performance. The association between HGS asymmetry and cognitive function varies among ethnic groups.

Long-term landslide impacts and adaptive responses in rural communities: Using historical cases to validate the cumulative causation approach

The assessment of landslide impacts provides key information for understanding the hotspots of landslide vulnerability and risk, but it has mostly relied on accounting of immediate social and economic losses while neglecting the long-term implications for local development and respective post-disaster adaptive responses to landslide events. In this paper, we propose and validate an alternative approach that focuses on landslide impacts in terms of their long-term effect on the functional operation of communities and municipalities. We apply a cumulative causation model to historical case studies in rural areas of Czechia (Central Europe). The study is based on a qualitative analysis of written and iconographic documentary data from archives, which enabled us to identify the impacts of historical landslide events and adaptive responses taken by rural communities. We identified sequences of five adaptive responses: abandonment, relocation, resistant recovery, marginalisation, and non-development. Based on validation through the typologically diverse multi-case study, we assert that re-focusing the current research on the long-term implications of landslides for local development provides valuable insights to understand drivers of community adaptive responses, and clarifies the actual effects of landslide hazard on the functioning of social systems in rural areas.