Study In Hungary Research Articles

Lifetime engineering principles in highway asset management

Introduction. An important tendency of our time is sustainability, good value for money and long-term planning. These are also the goals of the recently developed discipline, lifetime engineering. Although the principles of the science were originally developed for buildings and engineering structures, they can also be adapted to public roads. The article — through a case study in Hungary — presents the applicability of life engineering science to public road asset management. Besides, examples of pavement structure design, durability, maintenance-operation and environmental protection are also presented. Problem Statement. The typical lifetime engineering science principles used in the presentation were: increasing (pavement) life cycle; complex, multi-disciplinary design methodology; modular design; effective, quality insurance methods; high level satisfaction of the customers’ needs; minimisation of lifetime costs; sustainable, end-of-life strategies. It is emphasized that lifetime engineering is based on specific basic principles that effectively promote an up-to-date approach to any discipline related to engineering infrastructure. The paper shows that the efficacy of a road asset management. can be considerably increased if some elements of lifetime engineering are utilized.

The psychosocial background of dental care avoidance: A qualitative study.

Dental care avoidance affects individuals' oral health status. There is limited literature examining the context of dental avoidance behavior. The aim of the study is to examine attitudes toward dental care services among adults. Overall, 16 patients participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Through independent reviews of the themes that comprise the patients' experience, a consensus was established among the researchers. Ten major themes were identified that encapsulate patients' attitudes toward dental care attendance: Effect of environment and equipment, Fear and anesthesia, Procrastination, Dissatisfaction with the dental care system, Expectations of dentists, Quality of dental care, Edentulousness and social status, Financial involvement, Aesthetics, and Dentists' behavior. Compliance with oral health maintenance can be enhanced by specific training for professionals and dentistry students and by fine tuning the dental care system. This is the first comprehensive study in Hungary investigating attitudes among dentist patients toward dental care. The results suggest that there are many factors that may affect dental care attendance. Thus, these findings make a potentially fundamental contribution to the improvement of dental care and support practitioners in enriching their understanding of dental avoidance behavior.

The role of the family’s ethnicity and correlates in social workers’ risk perceptions: Evidence from a vignette study in Hungary

Studies have shown that children from some ethnic minority families are disproportionately represented in the child protection system. Ethnic-based treatment is problematic because it challenges whether child protection decision-making is based on the principle of’the best interests of the child’. Roma children are also overrepresented in the child protection systems of many European countries, but little research has explored why this is so. The present study seeks to address this gap by examining child welfare workers’ perceptions of risk at the early stages of child protection decision-making. The main research question is whether they perceive higher levels of risk if the parents are Roma. Method: We use data from a vignette-based survey conducted among child welfare workers (N = 600) in Hungary in 2018. The factors influencing social workers’ risk perceptions are analysed using multilevel ordinal logistic regressions. The regression models of risk perception include case variables (harm to child, parents’ ethnicity, mother’s education, parents’ employment, housing conditions, living environment, parental alcoholism, mother’s willingness to cooperate), and the individual characteristics of the social worker. Ethnicity is examined individually as well as in interaction with other case characteristics. Results: Findings show that physical harm to the child, parental alcoholism, a messy living environment, and the non-cooperative behaviour of the mother increase the level of risk perceived by child welfare workers. There is no evidence of a statistical association between parental socioeconomic status and the social worker’s perception of risk. Family ethnicity also does not have a statistically significant impact on risk perception (main effect). However, some case characteristics affect risk perception differently when the family is of Roma origin (interaction effects). Physical abuse has a strong effect on the social worker’s perception of risk, but this effect is more modest when the family is of Roma origin. Likewise, the mother’s non-cooperative behaviour is a risk-increasing factor, but this effect disappears for Roma families. Conclusions: Although, no ethnic bias was found in social workers’ perception of risk, our findings indicate that the perception of risk for Roma families is less dependent on the circumstances of the case than for majority families. In some cases, this may lead to an unjustified overestimation of risk or, conversely, an underestimation when the family is Roma.

Changes in Species Composition, Diversity, and Biomass of Secondary Dry Grasslands Following Long-Term Mowing: A Case Study in Hungary

Changes in Species Composition, Diversity, and Biomass of Secondary Dry Grasslands Following Long-Term Mowing: A Case Study in Hungary

Children’s Perspective on the Quality of Kindergartens According to a Study in Hungary

Children’s Perspective on the Quality of Kindergartens According to a Study in Hungary

Exploring macro-environmental catalysts and barriers of healthcare 4.0 transformation in Central-Eastern European countries: A comprehensive study in Hungary

The pursuit of a secure, efficient healthcare system responsive to patient needs remains a crucial goal for developed countries. Governments, grappling with rising healthcare demands, are increasingly turning to technological innovation as a transformative solution. Healthcare 4.0, integrating cutting-edge industrial technologies, aims to enhance patient experience, promote health, control costs, and boost clinical satisfaction. The COVID-19 pandemic has catalysed investments in digitalisation, but the promises of Healthcare 4.0 are still seemingly unrealized. This is especially true in the Central-Eastern European (CEE) region, particularly in Hungary, where substantial Industry 4.0 innovation potential intersects with shrinking financial resources, a challenging political environment, a transitioning healthcare system hindering the widescale transition to Healthcare 4.0. Thus, this paper aims to explore the macro-environmental factors influencing Healthcare 4.0 adoption in Hungary. Leveraging qualitative content analysis of interviews with 21 Hungarian healthcare technology startup founders, we aim to map the catalysts and barriers of a Healthcare 4.0 transition using a PESTLE framework. This explorative study contributes to the literature with valuable insights from the innovators' perspective, serving as a foundation for future policy interventions in the quest for widespread Healthcare 4.0 implementation.

Long-term impact of unhealthy food tax on consumption and the drivers behind: A longitudinal study in Hungary

Several countries have introduced public health product taxes with the objective of reducing the absolute amount of consumption of unhealthy food and tackling obesity. This study aims to estimate the long-term impact of the Hungarian public health product tax introduced in 2011.To achieve this, a unique consumer purchase dataset was analysed to examine daily fast-moving consumer goods purchases from a representative sample of 2,000 households from 2010 to 2018. The results indicate that the tax has been fully reflected in consumer prices. A decline in consumption was observed initially, consistent with previous experiences in Hungary and other countries. However, over time, the data suggests a recovery and even an increase in line with the growth of disposable income. The proportion of taxed products in total fast-moving consumer goods purchases increased from 5.9 % (95 % CI: 5.7 % to 6.0 %) in 2010 to 7.4 % (95 % CI: 7.3 % to 7.6 %) in 2018. Furthermore, the tax has contributed to increased inequality as low-income households spend a higher proportion of their total expenditure on it.Although taxes on unhealthy foods have proven effective in the short-term, they may not be adequate for reducing overall consumption in the long-term, particularly as disposable income increases. In conclusion, implementing complex interventions is necessary to achieve sustainable positive changes in dietary habits.

Correlation between Stenotrophomonas maltophilia incidence and systemic antibiotic use: A 10-year retrospective, observational study in Hungary.

Extensive use of carbapenems may lead to selection pressure for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) in hospital environments. The aim of our study was to assess the possible association between systemic antibiotic use and the incidence of SM. A retrospective, observational study was carried out in a tertiary-care hospital in Hungary, between January 1st 2010 and December 31st 2019. Incidence-density for SM and SM resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) was standardized for 1000 patient-days, while systemic antibiotic use was expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 patient-days. Mean incidence density for SM infections was 0.42/1000 patient-days; 11.08% were were resistant to SXT, the mean incidence density for SXT-resistant SM was 0.047/1000 patient-days. Consumption rate for colistin, glycopeptides and carbapenems increased by 258.82, 278.94 and 372.72% from 2010 to 2019, respectively. Strong and significant positive correlations were observed with the consumption of carbapenems (r: 0.8759; P < 0.001 and r: 0.8968; P < 0.001), SXT (r: 0.7552; P = 0.011 and r: 0.7004; P=0.024), and glycopeptides (r: 0.7542; P = 0.012 and r: 0.8138; P < 0.001) with SM and SXT-resistant SM incidence-density/1000 patient-days, respectively. Implementation of institutional carbapenem-sparing strategies are critical in preserving these life-saving drugs, and may affect the microbial spectrum of infections in clinical settings.

Subjective Well-Being Population Norms and Inequalities in Hungary: A Large Cross-Sectional, Internet-Based Survey

ObjectivesThis study aimed to provide subjective well-being (SWB) population norms in Hungary and explore the contribution of explanatory factors of SWB inequality among the Hungarian adult general population. MethodsThe data originated from a large representative internet-based cross-sectional survey in Hungary, which was conducted in 2020. We applied validated multi-item instruments for measuring SWB, namely Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between demographic-socioeconomic-health status and both well-being instruments. The concentration index (CI) was used to measure the degree of income-related inequality in well-being. ResultsA total of 2001 respondents were enrolled with the means ± SD WHO-5 scores and SWLS scores of 0.51 ± 0.21 and 0.51 ± 0.23, respectively. Higher household income, higher educational level, better general health status, and absence of chronic morbidity were significant positive predictors for both WHO-5 and SWLS scores. The CI of WHO-5 scores was lower than that of SWLS scores in the total sample (0.0480 vs 0.0861) and in subgroups by gender (male, 0.0584 vs 0.1035; female, 0.0302 vs 0.0726). The positive CI values implied a slight pro-rich SWB inequality in this population. The regression analyses showed a positive association of SWB with having a higher household income and a better general health status. ConclusionsThis is the first representative study in Hungary to compare population norm of 2 well-being instruments and analyze well-being inequality. Slight pro-rich inequality was found consistently with both SWB measures. Our findings support the need for health and social policies that effectively tackle inequalities in Hungary.

What makes you hopeful for gender studies in Hungary, in the world?

What makes you hopeful for gender studies in Hungary, in the world?

Teaching nontechnical skills in the undergraduate education of health care professionals: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Hungary

BackgroundThe aim of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the current situation and curriculum of nontechnical skills (NTS) training in the undergraduate education of health care professionals in Hungary.MethodsAll institutes with relevant NTS training in Hungarian faculties of medicine and faculties of health sciences were asked to fill out a 19-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the characteristics of NTS teaching and non-NTS teaching institutes were compared. The independent predictors of teaching NTS in a particular institute were identified with multiple logistic regression.ResultsSeventy-seven institutes responded (52% response rate), of which 66% trained NTS. The most frequent method of NTS training is talking about them during a practice or lecture, and less than half of NTS respondents use simulation. The most frequent cause of not teaching NTS is a lack of human or technical resources. The type of faculty (p = 0.025), academic year (p = 0.001), field of medicine (p = 0.025), and importance of teamwork (p = 0.021) differed between NTS and noNTS institutes. Teaching students in academic year two represented the only independent predictor of NTS education (p = 0.012).ConclusionsOur findings show that the undergraduate curriculum of Hungarian universities includes some type of NTS education; however, this education requires further development.

The relationship of emotions, motivation and language learning autonomy:

The investigation of contextual variations in the role of individual difference variables is one of the most important research aims in foreign language pedagogy, especially in teaching environments where there are fluctuations in teaching efficiency. Thus, in our study we aimed 1) to show the ways various emotions, motivational variables, and self-efficacy beliefs relate to language learning autonomy; and 2) to explore the extent to which these influences are context independent, that is, equally important across schools. To achieve these aims, we designed a nation-wide quantitative study in Hungary that included students (N = 1,152) from 11 secondary schools across the country through systematic quota sampling. The scales included in our standardized questionnaire were analysed with multivariate statistical techniques. Our analysis focused on school-level differences, and the main results show that, concerning learner autonomy, the only association that seems to be significant across each school is students' motivation, while the role of the other scales is limited to some of the schools. Based on our results, we suggest implications for teachers and researchers alike.

Exploring electric scooter regulations and user perspectives: A comprehensive study in Hungary

This paper focuses on the integration of electric scooters into the Hungarian urban transportation system as innovative mobility solutions. This change may provide several social advantages in the country, including environmental and economic benefits as well, to improve the quality of life. In this article, we investigate the policy regulations introduced at government level that facilitate this integration. To bridge the regulatory gap surrounding e-scooters and capture the voice of customers, we employ a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) house, utilizing the data of an extensive investigation involving a literature review, a qualitative social media listening process, two interviews with government officials, seven focus group interviews and a questionnaire. These diverse data sources contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and potential improvement directions. By developing the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) house, we determine priority levels for effective problem-solving and enhancement. According to our results, users are eagerly anticipating new laws regulating the usage of e-scooters, such as optimizing speed limits, designating the usage of e-scooter infrastructure, and appointing dedicated parking places. Overall, this study serves as a valuable reference for the government in shaping future e-scooter legislation. By addressing the identified user expectations and incorporating these insights into regulatory frameworks, policymakers can facilitate the seamless integration of electric scooters into urban transportation systems. This integration is expected to yield numerous societal benefits, such as reduced environmental impact, improved mobility options, and enhanced economic viability.

EE493 Healthcare Resource Utilization Associated with Major Depressive Disorder with Insomnia Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Hungary

EE493 Healthcare Resource Utilization Associated with Major Depressive Disorder with Insomnia Symptoms: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Hungary

Healthcare-seeking of medical students: the effect of socio-demographic factors, health behaviour and health status – a cross-sectional study in Hungary

BackgroundMedical students are more likely to have various physical and psychological issues, but less information is available about the healthcare-seeking behaviour for physical and mental health issues. The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting medical students’ healthcare-seeking when visiting a general practitioner (GP) and/or psychologist.Methods688 medical students (326 International and 362 Hungarian,) participated in a cross-sectional study. The information was gathered using a self-administered online questionnaire and covered socio-demographic background, health behaviour, general and mental health status and healthcare-seeking. For analysing adjusted associations, multivariable logistic regression models were used.ResultsOverall, 56.8% of medical students visit the GP; and 17.2%, the psychologist. Hungarian medical students visited the GP with chronic diseases, International medical students were more likely to visit a GP when they encountered sexual activity and had chronic diseases. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between sex, alcohol consumption, and perceived stress in the total sample of psychologist visits. When Hungarian medical students were in their clinical years and had a poor self-rated mental health, they were more likely to visit a psychologist. Whereas female international medical students and those who had poor self-rated mental health were more likely to seek psychological help.ConclusionStudents visit a GP and/or psychologist is associated with a variety of factors, including socio-demographic background, health behaviours, and health issues. Medical schools should encourage help-seeking behaviours and early disclosure of medical students. Their ability to grasp healthcare attitudes and designing treatments will be important for both their academic success and future profession.

Actuele benaderingen van literatuurdidactiek in het NVT-onderwijs in Hongarije

This article deals with current approaches of teaching literature in NVT studies inHungary. The research examines the coherence of literature and foreign language teaching– in this case Dutch as a foreign language. The general question, which requires boththeoretical and empirical research, is aimed at which methods exist with which foreignlanguage skills can be developed through the teaching of literature and literary skillsthrough foreign language pedagogy. The present article is the first step on this path: itdescribes the situation of literature and foreign language teaching in Hungary and thosetheoretical approaches that should act as the background of future didactic research.

Predicting user engagement with anti-gender, homophobic and sexist social media posts – a choice-based conjoint study in Hungary and Germany

ABSTRACT Social media are used by populist radical right parties for anti-gender campaigns to mobilize against the ‘gender ideology’. Anti-gender hate speech targets women, sexual minorities, and feminist activists and therefore poses a threat to their participation in society. In this study, we examine the engagement with anti-gender hate speech on social media in Germany and Hungary, using anti-gender, homophobic, and sexist Facebook posts as examples. These countries were chosen because of the cultural differences in the way gender issues and discrimination are dealt with, as well as the position of populist radical right parties. Employing a choice-based conjoint design, we analyze which content and source characteristics as well as cultural and individual factors influence users’ engagement with such postings. Findings show country differences in the acceptance (likes, shares) and disapproval (flagging behavior) of anti-gender hate speech but also with respect to relevance of the three main topics of hate speech (anti-gender, homophobia, sexism).

The Effect of Molasses Application on Soil Biological Indicators and Maize Growth of Different Tillage Soil

Soil enzyme activity and labile carbon (LC) have long been used as soil health indicators. Soil health can be improved by molasses addition resulting in better plant growth and productivity. The effect of molasses on soil biological activity and plant growth under different tillage soil has not been discussed in many studies in Hungary. We assessed two soil types under different long-term tillage practices: conservation tillage (CT), which leaves 30% or more residue on the soil surface, and conventional-ploughing tillage (PT). A pot experiment with maize as the crop was carried out using the composite soil (0-20 cm) of CT and PT; a randomized block design with four replications was employed. Three levels of molasses concentration, 0 g L-1, 0.05 g L-1, and 0.2 g L-1 were applied. LC, dehydrogenase (DHA), β-glucosidase activity, plant height, and dry weight biomass were measured at the end of the experiment (after eight weeks). The results indicated that LC in CT increased by 7.61-21.23% over the increase in molasses concentration. LC concentration was significantly higher in the CT than in the PT soil. β-glucosidase activity increased along with the increase of molasses concentration by 11.42-30.43% in CT and 16.03-56.67% in PT; however, the significantly different appeared only in PT soil. The molasses application affected the DHA as well. The activity of dehydrogenase increases by 39.49-80.76% and 30.43-50.59%, respectively, in CT and PT. Nevertheless, no significance occurred in the tillage system or the molasses concentration. Our study also found that the different molasses concentrations did not affect the plant height and dry weight biomass in CT and PT. However, applying each molasses concentration in CT markedly escalated the plant height and dry weight biomass compared to PT. The enhancement of soil biological activity and plant growth by the molasses application allows a promising strategy for maintaining the soil health of agricultural land.

Time Spent with Saturation below 80% versus 90% in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

Nocturnal hypoxaemia measured as the percentage of total sleep time spent with saturation below 90% (TST90%) may better predict cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) than the number of obstructive respiratory events measured with the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI). Deeper hypoxaemia may potentially induce more severe pathophysiological consequences. However, the additional value of the percentage of total sleep time spent with saturation below 80% (TST80%) to TST90% is not fully explored. Comprehensive medical history was taken and fasting lipid and C-reactive protein levels were measured in 797 volunteers participating in two cohort studies in Hungary and Romania. Sleep parameters, including AHI, TST90% and TST80%, were recorded following a polysomnography (PSG, n = 598) or an inpatient cardiorespiratory polygraphy (n = 199). The performance of TST80% to predict cardiovascular risk was compared with TST90% using linear and logistic regression analyses as well receiver operating characteristics curves. Sensitivity analyses were performed in patients who had PSG, separately. Both parameters are significantly related to cardiovascular risk factors; however, TST80% did not show better predictive value for cardiovascular risk than TST90%. On the other hand, patients with more severe hypoxaemia reported more excessive daytime sleepiness. TST80% has limited additional clinical value compared to TST90% when evaluating cardiovascular risk in patients with OSA.

The Impact of Age and Body Composition on Bone Density among Office Worker Women in Hungary.

The study's aim was to investigate bone condition and see its associations with body composition and age among office worker women in Hungary. In total, 316 individuals participated in this study from Csongrad-Csanad county in 2019. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 62, with a mean of 41 years. A questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic information, whereas body composition was measured using the Inbody 230, and bone density and bone quality were measured with the SONOST 3000 ultrasound device. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, correlation analysis, and an independent sample t-test. The results show that Body Fat Mass, Body Mass Index, Obesity Degree, and Percent Body Fat increase significantly as age increases, and Bone Quality Index and t-score decrease substantially. Furthermore, Bone Density and Bone Quality Index were positively influenced by most components of body composition. The differences between normal and osteopenia bone quality showed that Basal Metabolic Rate, Bone Mineral Content, Fat-Free Mass, Mineral Mass, Skeletal Lean Mass, and Skeletal Muscle Mass were lower in participants with osteopenia. Our results provide more evidence of the effects of body composition and age on bone density and quality. It was the first study in Hungary investigating this phenomenon, which could be useful for professionals and researchers who intend to understand the associations of bone density.