Risk Assessment Studies Research Articles

Risk Evaluation for Human Factors of Flight Dispatcher Based on the Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS-DEMATEL-ISM Approach: A Case Study in Sichuan Airlines

To effectively mitigate unsafe events and accident symptoms stemming from flight dispatchers’ human factors, this paper proposes a novel risk evaluation model to accurately identify and evaluate potential human risks associated with flight dispatchers. First, the HFACS (Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, HFACS) model is employed to construct a human risk assessment indicator system for flight dispatchers. Second, the hesitant fuzzy set is introduced to represent the uncertainty during experts’ evaluation, and the improved TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS) method is applied within a hesitant fuzzy environment to obtain rankings of human factors. Third, the hesitant fuzzy DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, DEMATEL)-ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling, ISM) approach is constructed to analyze the correlation among human factors, leading to the establishment of a multi-level hierarchical structure model. Finally, a case study of risk assessment for human factors of flight dispatchers in Sichuan Airlines is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results revealed the flight dispatchers’ human factors associated with higher risks and identified the key factors with a larger impact on other factors in Sichuan Airlines. Subsequently, a multi-level hierarchical structure model comprising five layers is developed to investigate the internal correlations among human factors, facilitating the formulation of targeted improvement suggestions for the higher risk indicators and key influencing factors.

Study of direct and indirect risk assessment of landslide impacts on ultrahigh-voltage electricity transmission lines

Ultrahigh-voltage electricity systems are a vital part of energy networks, often across wide regions passing through mountainous terrains. The instability of slopes forming tower foundations along transmission lines poses a large risk to the entire energy network. Moreover, the tower foundations along extra-high-voltage electricity transmission lines are a very special type of element that are also highly vulnerable to landslides. In this study, an integrative risk assessment framework, including a hazard assessment, vulnerability analysis for the specified element at risk, and consequence estimation, is proposed to quantify the direct and indirect risks of landslides to power transmission lines. The Yanzi landslide, where a tower of the major ultrahigh-voltage transmission line from Sichuan (western China) to Shanghai (eastern China) has just been constructed, is taken as a case study. The correlation between landslide displacement and tower structure tilting is studied. In terms of the precipitation return period, factors of safety, failure probability, and deformation are simulated. A physical vulnerability curve is fitted by assuming a Weibull relationship between the horizontal deformation (hazard intensity) of the landslide and the tower inclination ratio. The total risk is calculated as the sum of the direct and indirect losses, among which the potential indirect risk due to tower damage is much greater than the direct risk. This work demonstrates the importance of landslide treatment strategies along electricity transmission lines by considering the potential indirect risks. The risk assessment model of landslides affecting ultrahigh-voltage electricity transmission lines proposed in this study could be useful for other types of indirect landslide risk evaluations.

Experience Using Multi-Technology for Fall Risk Assessments Among Low-Income Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

To explore the experiences of low-income community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in using multi-technology. We conducted individual interviews with 14 low-income community-dwelling older adults with MCI aged ≥60 years who participated in a technology-based fall risk assessment study. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded. Two researchers worked together using thematic analysis. Five themes were generated: Satisfaction With Technology, Benefits of Using Technology, Challenges of Using Technology, Facilitators of Using Technology, and Recommendations for Other Older Adults. All participants acknowledged obtaining information about fall risk, physical activities, and balance performance. Older adults with MCI were able to follow instructions by completing fall risk assessments. They found technology enjoyable and beneficial considering the tracking capacity and feedback obtained from the technology used. These were vital objective data that encouraged fall prevention efforts. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, xx(x), xx-xx.].

The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in traditional cigarettes and E-cigarettes in Saudi Arabia markets: a comparative risk assessment study

BackgroundTwo validated and effective extraction techniques have been developed to ascertain the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in traditional cigarettes and E-cigarettes. PAHs are a class of chemicals that occur naturally, and these contaminants may cause cancer and other harmful effects in human beings. Traditional cigarettes and E-cigarettes contain many PAHs.MethodIn terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy (%), and precision (%), the two in-house lab setups for 7PAHs extraction from traditional cigarettes and E-cigarette were validated using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection.ResultsThe concentration of Σ7PAHs for traditional cigarettes and E-cigarettes ranged from 6.23 ± 0.04 ng/cig to 75.61 ± 0.02 ng/cig, and non-detectable to 3.56 ± 2.71 ng/puff. The PAHs recovery in traditional cigarettes and E-cigarettes ranged from 92.74–110.45%, and 97.20–111.74%. The toxicity of equivalent (TEQs) of carcinogens revealed that traditional cigarettes brands have higher TEQs than E-cigarettes.ConclusionThis study highlights the detection of 7PAHs levels and its risk assessment in product brands for traditional cigarettes and E-cigarettes marketed in Saudi Arabia. The results suggested that the developed methods are a precise and versatile approach for measuring 7PAHs in traditional cigarettes and E-cigarettes.

Adipokine/hepatokines profiling of fatty liver in adolescents and young adults: cross-sectional and prospective analyses of the BCAMS study.

The underlying connections between obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not fully understood. One potential link might be the imbalanced adipokines and hepatokines. We aimed to explore the associations between specific adipokines/hepatokines and NAFLD in Chinese youth and to determine how these biomarkers mediate the obesity-NAFLD relationship. We analyzed data from the 10-year follow-up visit of the Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome (BCAMS) study (n = 509; mean age = 20.2years) for a comprehensive metabolic risk assessment, including liver ultrasound and plasma measurements of adiponectin, leptin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8). Longitudinal analysis was performed on a subgroup (n = 307), with complete baseline (mean age = 12.2years) and follow-up data. Mediation models assessed how obesity at baseline and follow-up influence NAFLD through these biomarkers. Participants with NAFLD exhibited a high prevalence of central obesity (90.9%). Both cross-sectional and prospective analyses identified increased RBP4, FGF21, leptin, and decreased adiponectin levels as significant predictors of NAFLD. More adipokine/hepatokine abnormalities were linked to higher NAFLD risk. Furthermore, ratios reflecting adipokine/hepatokine imbalances, including leptin/adiponectin, FGF21/adiponectin, and RBP4/adiponectin, demonstrated stepwise changes correlating with NAFLD severity (all p < 0.05). Mediation analysis indicated that these four adipokines/hepatokines accounted for approximately 72.4% of the central obesity-NAFLD relationship and 80.1% in the subgroup analysis using baseline childhood data. Dysregulated adipokines/hepatokines may explain the onset or progression of obesity-related NAFLD in youths. Higher RBP4, FGF21 and leptin, alongside lower adiponectin, could serve as early biomarkers for NAFLD.

Geospatial Mapping and Meteorological Flood Risk Assessment: A Global Research Trend Analysis.

Flooding is a global threat causing significant economic and environmental damage, necessitating a policy response and collaborative strategy. This study assessed global research trends and advances in geospatial and meteorological flood risk assessment (G_MFRA), considering the ongoing debate on flood risk management and adaptation strategies. A total of 1872 original articles were downloaded in BibTex format using the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases to retrieve G_MFRA studies published from 1985 to 2023. The annual growth rate of 15.48% implies that the field of G_MFRA has been increasing over time during the study period. The analysis of global trends in flood risk research and practice highlights the key themes, methodologies, and emerging directions. There exists a notable gap in data and methodologies for flood risk assessment studies between developed and developing countries, particularly in Africa and South America, highlighting the urgency of coordinated research efforts and cohesive policy actions. The challenges identified in the body of extant literature include technical expertise, complex communication networks, and resource constraints associated with the application gaps of the study methodologies. This study advocates for a holistic research approach to flood disaster management through ecosystem-based adaptation that underpins the Sustainable Development Goals to develop innovative flood techniques and models with the potential to influence global decision-making in the G_MFRA domain. Addressing these global challenges requires a networked partnership between the research community, institutions, and countries.

Assessment of daily altimeter-based open ocean water level with hindcast and forecast efficiency

Satellite altimetry water level measurements are valuable in episodic and climate change related hydrodynamic impact studies, despite their sparse temporal distribution over the global ocean. This study presents the spatiotemporal characteristics of the open-ocean satellite derived water level measurements globally for the period 31/12/1992-15/10/2019 and evaluates their efficacy to represent the water level even during intense atmospheric conditions. Water level measurements from 23 different satellite missions are compared with tide gauge records and hydrodynamic simulations. The satellite measurements reproduce the water-level variations with good to excellent skill for ~60% of the areas considered. Additionally, satellite measurements and local atmospheric conditions are utilized in order to examine whether statistical data driven models can contribute to decreasing the temporal sparseness of the water level data over the global ocean. The suitability of this low computational-cost method is demonstrated by deriving a 63-year hindcast of the daily maximum water level for the global ocean, and for a medium-term 15-day ensemble forecast. The publicly available long-term water-level hindcast and the parameters of the data-driven statistical model derived can serve as a tool for designing and facilitating local and global coastal risk-assessment studies.

Phytotoxicity of single and mixed rare earth element (La, Nd and Sm) exposures on Lactuca sativa seed germination and growth.

The mode of action, bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of Rare Earth Elements (REE), with several applications in the technology, medical and agricultural fields, are still understudied. The nitrates acute effects on single exposures, binary and ternary mixtures of lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm) on Lactuca sativa lettuce seed germination and wet biomass in an artificial soil (AS) and an Ultisol were assessed. Germination (EC50), wet biomass (IC50) and germination inhibition (% GI) were evaluated. EC50 values show La was the most toxic in Ultisol, Sm in AS, and Nd appears with intermediate values on both substrates. The IC50, both single and mixed, decreased from 3- to 181-fold with increasing test concentrations in relation to the control in AS, while increases in Ultisol were observed, followed by decreases at higher doses which may be associated with the low-dose stimulation effect (hormesis). Our findings may be used to subsidize REE risk assessment studies and reinforce the hormesis effect to prevent the use of high application of REE fertilizers, avoiding the accumulation of REE in agricultural soils.

Environmental and human health risk associated with heavy metals in sediment of a tropical river in India

ABSTRACT Heavy metals persist in the sediment and can induce toxicological effects on living organisms. For analysing the risk of heavy metals, geochemical fractionation is beneficial. These geochemical fractions or speciations help to determine the heavy metals availability, mobility, toxicity, enrichment, and various risks. Here, we show how heavy metal contamination of sediment poses risks to both the ecosystem and human beings. We found significant Zn, Co and Cd contamination by analysing the geoaccumulation index. We also observed higher geoaccumulation index values for the pre-monsoon season than the post-monsoon one. Furthermore, pollution load index indicated gradual contamination of heavy metals in the sediments. This study's risk assessment and modified risk assessment codes showed low or no risk, but contamination factors indicated moderate to high risk. Our analysis of the effective range median mean quotient revealed some sampling stations as medium to high-priority sites. Similarly, probable effect level mean quotient designated some sampling stations as medium-low priority sites. We anticipated a moderate to significant mortality effect on the organisms from toxicity unit index values. Potential ecological risk index indicated a very high ecological risk on the Mahananda River. Furthermore, we predicted non-carcinogenic health hazards and carcinogenic health risks in the river's sediment.

Insights into nanoparticle toxicity against aquatic organisms using multivariate regression, read-across, and ML algorithms: Predictive models for Daphnia magna and Danio rerio

The production of nanoparticles (NPs) has recently become more prevalent owing to their numerous applications in the fast-growing nanotechnology industry. Although nanoparticles have growing applications, there is a significant concern over their environmental impact due to their inevitable release into the environment. With the increasing risk to aquatic organisms, D. magna and zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been preferred as important freshwater model organisms for risk assessment and ecotoxicological studies on metal oxide-based nanoparticles (MeOxNPs) in aquatic environments. It is unfeasible to assess the risks associated with every single NP through in vivo or in vitro experiments. As an alternative, in silico approaches are employed to evaluate the NP toxicity. To evaluate such performance, we have collected data from databases and literature reviews to develop models based on multivariate regression, read-across approach (RA), and machine learning (ML) algorithms following the principles of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) for QSAR modeling. This work has aimed to investigate which features are important drivers of nanotoxicity in D. magna and Danio rerio using simple periodic table-derived descriptors. Further, we have examined the effectiveness of read-across-derived similarity measures compared to traditional QSAR models. The results obtained from model 1 infers that nanoparticles' size, the number of metals, the core environment of the metal present in the metal oxide, and the oxidation number of the metal play a key role in the final expression of toxicity of nanoparticles to D. magna. On the other hand, the presence of higher molecular weight, the core of the metal, and the presence of oxygen influence the enzyme inhibition activity. The enzyme inhibition is correlated with the ability of zebrafish embryos to hatch, and therefore, the inhibition of ZHE1 seems to be the factor driving hatch delay. The study emphasized the importance of developing transferable, reproducible, and easily interpretable models for the early identification of nanoparticle features contributing to aquatic toxicity.

Health and ecological risk assessment for arsenic contaminated groundwater in Shahpur and Koilwar Blocks, Bhojpur district, Bihar

ABSTRACT Arsenic-contaminated groundwater is a threat to the human population, leading to the occurrence of different cancers and skin problems. A health risk assessment study was conducted using arsenic data from groundwater sampled at Shahpur and Koilwar blocks in Bhojpur district, Bihar. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) analysis of 49 tube well samples (24 from Shahpur; 25 from Koilwar) showed that 22.45% of them had arsenic concentrations above the permissible limit (10 µg/l as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO)) during the pre-monsoon with a maximum of 153 µg/l at Shahpur and 49 µg/l at Koilwar. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines were applied to calculate the cancer and non-cancer risks. The Hazard quotient (HQ) and Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) indicated an adverse risk (HQ > 1 and ILCR > 10−6), with Shahpur having three times higher amounts of more toxic arsenic(III). The Water Quality Index (WQI) obtained from chemical analysis indicated Shahpur having fewer poor water quality sites, with its percent ratio to Koilwar being 8:10. Ecological risk indices (Ei and RI) and Nemerow pollution index (NPI) implied moderate to extremely high risks (RI > 600 and 2.5 <NPI≤11). This study’s output necessitates future groundwater monitoring in the arsenic hotspots.

Uncovering hazards and adaptive capacity: A comprehensive risk assessment study in three conservation areas in Spain

The increase in the frequency, duration and severity of disturbances can disrupt forest composition and structure, posing threats to ecosystem services. Adaptive forest management has the potential to adjust forests to future disturbance regimes, by reducing their susceptibility to these threats and, therefore, increasing their adaptation capacity. However, few comprehensive studies have integrated the factors involved in adaptive forest management by comparing the biomass of national parks of the same region, or examined how global change might affect them in the near future. In this study, we integrate data of forest inventories, wildfires, high-resolution climate and pests information in climate model projections to assess climate-sensitive risks associated with key abiotic disturbances (such as fires, droughts and pests) in coniferous Mediterranean mountain forests, considering various forest management approaches and climate scenarios in three Spanish national parks. We employed the conceptual framework introduced by Lecina-Diaz et al. (2021a) to evaluate risks to forests and considered Exposed values (E), Hazard Magnitude (HM), Susceptibility (S) and Lack of Adaptive Capacity (LAC). We applied statistical weights using expert weights and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as the basis for determining the global ranking score of each indicator of the risk components. We extracted information about the climatic scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. Three forest management scenarios were generated, named “low intervention», «traditional silviculture”, and "reduction of climate vulnerability", and mapped the risks of carbon sequestration for the different scenarios. The importance of each component was estimated using the AHP. HM was most significantly affected by the Aridity Index and the Fire Risk Index, with weights of 27.7 % and 24.2 %, respectively; S was affected by fuel load (29.0 %) and the Suppression Difficulty index (21.0 %), and LAC was influenced by forest management (32.0 %) and resprouting capacity (22.0 %). The three forest management scenarios exhibited different risk values that decreased with increasing intensity of the intervention in the three protected areas. Likewise, when two climate scenarios were considered, risk increased in the protected areas (Teide National Park, 10.69 %; Sierra Nevada National Park, 10.9 %; Sierra de las Nieves National Park, 6.17 %). Patterns of spatial arrangement of risk, which included HM, S and LAC, were consistent with the risk level, with the highest risk values being concentrated in the buffer areas (natural parks), with areas with a greater presence of coniferous plantations. The risk maps allowed us to identify areas that are critical under extreme conditions and where the greatest disturbance events may occur. Our study underscores that risks of disturbances in mountain ecosystems dominated by conifers within protected areas can be mitigated by forest management. The application of forest management adaptation strategies in national parks and buffer areas has proven effective in reducing risks of disturbances and preserving certain ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration.

Determination of seven synthetic colourants in pharmaceutics, foods, and beverages by a validated HPLC-PDA method: A risk assessment study

A simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method based-on ultraviolet determination was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the tartrazine-TR, sunset yellow-SY, ponceau-4R P4R, allura red-AR, patent blue-PBV, brilliant blue-BB, erythrosine B-EB. The limit of detections were found as ≤0.083 µg/mL, determination coefficiencies were found as ≥0.999 in the range of 0.5 – 20 µg/mL for all colourants. Precision was ≤6.75 (RSD) and accuracy was between (-6.52) and 6.80 (RE%). This developed analytical method was successfully used to quantitatively detect the presence of these synthetic colourants in confectionery (n = 13), beverages (n = 12) and pharmaceutical products (n = 13) and a risk assessment was made based on the lowest exposure scenario. The risk index values determined in confectionery range between 0.10 and 5.78 (1.46 ± 1.52, mean ± SD), in beverages range between 0.001 and 2.79 (0.034 ± 0.082The risk index of five of the monitored confectionery samples (38.50 %) was determined to be above one in terms of the relevant food dyes.

Occurrence of mycotoxins of the beauvericin and enniatin groups in infant foods and risk assessment study

The aim of this study was the determination of mycotoxins belonging to beauvericin and enniatin groups in infant foods to be considered for the assessment of dietary exposure. The extraction phase with acetonitrile was followed by a purification step before liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The method was suitable to detect these mycotoxins in different categories of infant foods (cereal-based creams, biscuits, and pasta) at concentrations between 0.30 μg/kg for beauvericin and enniatin A and 0.60 μg/kg for the remaining enniatins (A1, B and B1) up to a maximum of 20 μg/kg. Beauvericin was the most detected mycotoxin in pasta samples (15%) at a maximum concentration of 1.1 μg/kg, while enniatin B showed the highest presence (90%) in biscuits, at levels ranging from 0.63 to 11 μg/kg. Enniatin B1 was found in all matrices at comparable ranks of positivity, with the highest occurrence rate (30%) in biscuits. The highest estimated daily intake was observed in infant consumers aged 1–3 years and was associated with the consumption of biscuits, followed by samples of pasta and cereal-based creams. It was higher in infants than in children aged 4–9 years due to consumption data expressed per kg of body weight. The lowest estimated daily intake was obtained for beauvericin in all matrices as its concentrations were lower than those of the enniatin group. The results of this study highlighted the need to implement monitoring also for these mycotoxin groups, paying particular attention to infants as a high-risk category.

Fluxapyroxad induced toxicity of earthworms: Insights from multi-level experiments and molecular simulation studies

Fluxapyroxad, an emerging succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, is widely used due to its excellent properties. Given its persistence in soil with a 50 % disappearance time of 183–1000 days, it is crucial to evaluate the long-term effects of low-dose fluxapyroxad on non-target soil organisms such as earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The present study investigated the impacts of fluxapyroxad (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg kg−1) on Eisenia fetida over 56 days, focusing on oxidative stress, digestive and nervous system functions, and histopathological changes. We also explored the mechanisms of fluxapyroxad-enzyme interactions through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Results demonstrated a significant dose-response relationship in the integrated biomarker response of 12 biochemical indices. Fluxapyroxad altered expression levels of functional genes and induced histopathological damage in earthworm epidermis and intestines. Molecular simulations revealed that fluxapyroxad is directly bound to active sites of critical enzymes, potentially disrupting their structure and function. Even at low doses, long-term fluxapyroxad exposure significantly impacted earthworm physiology, with effects becoming more pronounced over time. Our findings provide crucial insights into the chronic toxicity of fluxapyroxad and emphasize the importance of long-term, low-dose studies in pesticide risk assessment in soil. This research offers valuable guidance for the responsible management and application of fungicides.

Unveiling heavy metal pollution dynamics in sediments of river Ulhas, Maharashtra, India: a comprehensive analysis of anthropogenic influence, pollution indices, and health risk assessment.

Metals and metalloids tainting sediments is an eminent issue, predominantly in megacities like Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, requiring an exhaustive examination to identify metal levels in river bodies that serve various populations. Thus, utilising pollution indices, multivariate analysis, and health risk assessment studies, we propose a novel investigation to examine the metal content in the Ulhas River sediments, a prominent agricultural and drinking water supply (320 million-litre per day) near Mumbai in Maharashtra, India. The eleven metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) were examined monthly from 10 stations totaling 120 sediment specimens from October 2022 to September 2023. Investigations revealed that average values of Cr, Cu, Hg, and Ni exceeded Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council values, while all metals exceeded World surface rock average limits except As. Various pollution indices showed that upstream sites had noneto low levelcontamination, whereas downstream locations had moderate to considerablecontamination, suggesting anthropogenic influences. Furthermore, multivariate analysis including correlation, cluster, and principal component analysis identified that sediment pollution was mostly caused by anthropogenic activities. Lastly, health risk assessment indicated Fe was non-carcinogenic to children, whereas Cr and Ni were carcinogenic to children and adults, with children being more susceptible. Thus, from the findings of the study it is clear that, despite low to moderate pollution levels, metals may have significant repercussions, thus requiring long-term planning, frequent monitoring, and metal abatement strategies to mitigate river contamination.

Quantitative Risk Assessment of an Oil-Gas-Hydrogen-Electricity Integrated Energy Station in China.

This paper presents a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) study of an oil-gas-hydrogen-electricity integrated energy station in China. A comprehensive assessment of the station was made in terms of consequences and risks, respectively. Consequence analysis shows that the severity of hazardous chemical leakage accidents in the station is in the order of natural gas, hydrogen, gasoline, and diesel fuel, especially in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) storage tank areas, which may cause major accidents in the event of leakage. The results of the risk assessment showed that the individual and societal risks of the integrated oil-gas-hydrogen-electricity energy station exceeded the risk acceptance criteria. Moreover, the catastrophic rupture of LNG and CNG storage tanks is the main cause of the unacceptable risk. Additional mitigation measures for them, mainly including the installation of emergency manual shut-off valves, the installation of combustible gas detection and alarm devices, and pressure relief protection devices, can effectively reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

The Relationship of Certain Diseases and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

One of the important markers affecting aging processes is the increase in inflammatory markers. Many chronic diseases are associated with inflammation and chronic inflammation increases with aging. Inflammation can change with dietary components. Foods, compounds and nutrients that have anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory properties attract attention. According to the Dietary Inflammatory Index, positive scores are obtained if the nutrient has a proinflammatory effect on cytokines, and negative scores are obtained if it has an anti-inflammatory effect. A higher proinflammatory diet is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disease, cancers and musculoskeletal health and related mortality. In this study, its relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, musculoskeletal diseases, dementia, depression and cancer, which are more common in older adults and known to be associated with inflammation, was examined. Although studies involving under 65years old are more prevalent, research involving older adults and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is more limited. It is known that chronic inflammation increases with aging. Diet is one of the factors affecting inflammation. In the light of these investigations, the topics of anti-inflammatory nutrition and DII for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases in older adults are strong and open to development topics of discussion. Despite the significant interest in the potential positive effects of anti-inflammatory nutrition on diseases, contributing to clearer evidence of its protective effects on health necessitates further randomized controlled trials, in vivo, in vitro, cell, animal, human and case-control studies for better risk assessment.

A new approach towards more accurate modeling of mechanical defects in power transformer windings

In many cases, power transformers can continue their normal operation despite mechanical defects in their windings. However, estimating the lifespan and assessing the risk of using a transformer with mechanical defects depend on detailed studies of insulation aging and the distribution of transient voltages along the winding, and consequently, the likelihood of partial discharge. Risk assessment studies can only be effectively conducted through accurate modeling of transformers across a wide frequency range. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of winding mechanical defects on the transformer equivalent circuits parameters using finite element method precisely modeling of transformer windings, without applying approximation or common simplifications. To compare the effect of each mechanical defect on the resistance, inductance, and capacitance matrices arrays, an index called fault classification accuracy has been used. The investigations have shown that the capacitance matrix arrays undergo the most significant changes for all types of modeled defects in this research. To examine the impact of defects on the transformer frequency response, a π coupled model that directly uses output matrices of finite element modeling has been employed. The sensitivity of various components of frequency response has also been investigated for the used model.

P19-81 Arsenic, lead and essential elements content in tea samples from Turkey: a risk assessment study

P19-81 Arsenic, lead and essential elements content in tea samples from Turkey: a risk assessment study