Studio Teaching Research Articles

Innovative Approaches to Architectural Education: Metaverse Technology and Learning Resilience

Abstract Amid the pandemic, learning architecture online has led to heightened stress and anxiety. To mitigate these challenges, a resilient learning model is imperative. Taking Atma Jaya University Yogyakarta (UAJY) as a case study, the paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on architecture learning, highlighting the challenge present in online architecture education. Recognising the need for resilience, the study suggests integrating virtual reality (VR) and metaverse technologies to enhance educational quality. It identifies substantial differences between online and virtual space learning, emphasising the necessity for specific design criteria in long-distance studio education. The research presents a mixed-method approach, utilising VR headsets for a prototype evaluation with five experts/lecturers and 20 architecture students. Quantitative data collected through the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and qualitative insights from structured interviews reveal positive effects of metaverse adoption on learning experiences, notably reducing stress and anxiety. The study concludes by proposing virtual space design criteria, serving as guidelines for creating more engaging, stimulating, and creative learning environments. These criteria align with Sustainable Development Goal 4, promoting increased ICT skills among youth and adults and showcasing the potential of technology in transforming architectural education amidst global challenges.

Technology-enhanced learning practices in studio pedagogy: A scoping review

Technology-enhanced learning practices in studio pedagogy: A scoping review

An insight into architectural design studio education space from a "time" perspective

This study offers a comprehensive literature review of the evolution of design studio education, focusing on the integration of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies. The research explores current and future design studio models by examining the development of architectural design studio education and the importance of its physical spaces within a timeline framework. The literature review identifies key insights, analyzes patterns, and integrates findings to present a narrative of architectural education's historical evolution and prospects. The study highlights significant shifts in design studio education, moving from the traditional master-apprentice relationship to contemporary design studio spaces within architecture schools. It emphasizes the impact of social, economic, and technological developments on these models, particularly the shift to remote education necessitated by COVID-19. This transition highlighted the need for alternatives to physical studio spaces, directing attention to VR, AR, and MR technologies as potential solutions. Through a meticulous review process, this study examines how these emerging technologies can provide immersive and interactive learning experiences, enhancing flexibility and accessibility in design education. It discusses the benefits and challenges of integrating these technologies, considering their potential to function without needing a specific physical studio. Ultimately, this study contributes to the field by offering theoretical insights and practical guidelines for educators. It explores alternative models to enhance adaptability and addresses the implications of technological adaptation and crisis management. The findings enrich the academic literature and foster future research and discussion on the evolution of design studio education in the digital era.

Perceived fairness in the peer assessment process: a focus on Iranian architecture students in design studio education

PurposeThis qualitative case study explores the challenges that architecture students encounter in grasping the concept of fair PA. The study also delves into the students' viewpoints on this matter and the strategies they utilize to navigate it.Design/methodology/approachAround 29 architecture students took part in the PA process. Data was gathered by observing PA sessions and conducting interviews with students. The data was then analyzed using the thematic method.FindingsThe study uncovers fairness challenges from the perspective of architecture students, such as concerns regarding collusion, power dynamics within friend groups, limitations of participatory culture, and overwhelming responsibility. The study suggests that a multistage PA process can be an effective approach to addressing fairness challenges. Furthermore, it sheds light on the obstacles that architecture students face in comprehending fairness and their viewpoints and tactics regarding fairness during PA.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that increasing students' engagement in learning activities during the critique and assessment process in the DS can enhance their understanding of fairness in PA and boost their satisfaction with final course grades.Originality/valueThis study investigates the relationship between architecture students' engagement and assessment fairness, by focusing on the role of perceived fair PA within design studio settings.

Teacher Feedback in Collegiate Instrumental Music Lessons

Teacher feedback is an integral component of helping students understand their current level of achievement and what they can do to improve their performance. This study built on literature in educational psychology by adopting a framework developed by Hattie and Timperley to explore how different types of feedback are used in studio instrumental lessons. For this study, we investigated the use of feedback of highly experienced collegiate instrumental studio music teachers ( N = 6) and their students ( N = 18). Results indicated that around 83% of all teacher comments were classified as “feed-back” (i.e., reflections on what the student just played), with far fewer focused on “feed-forward” (16%) strategies for improving performance and “feed-up” (<1%) goal setting. Task-level comments on what the student had just done comprised 85% of the feedback, in contrast to process-level (9%) feedback that provides strategies for improving the next performance attempt and self-regulation comments (<1%) that cue the learner to monitor and control their own performance. Discussion of these results include comparisons between classroom and studio teaching practices and ways of refining instrumental teachers’ abilities to provide more targeted and effective feedback to their students.

XR Experience in Architectural Design Studio Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Pursuing innovative methods in architectural education continually evolves in response to the profession's dynamic and changing demands. Today, Extended Reality (XR) technologies are emerging as powerful tools with the potential to transform design studio education fundamentally. Focusing on "Extended Reality (XR)" rather than individual terms like VR, AR, and MR is due to XR's encompassing nature. Using all realities collectively allows for a comprehensive evaluation of their synergies. Each reality has distinctive capabilities, and their combined use may offer a richer educational experience than focusing on them individually. This study examines the use and impact of XR technologies in architectural design studio education (ADSE), exploring how conventional components can evolve with XR from 2019 to 2024. It highlights XR's influence on design studio education and experiential learning, guiding students, educators, and researchers at the intersection of XR and ADSE. The authors conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA (2020) checklist (Page M.J.et al.,2021). Searches in three primary databases resulted in 183 articles. After identifying and removing duplicates, 178 abstracts were reviewed, and full texts were examined. Ultimately, three articles related to “XR Experiences in ADSE" were subjected to detailed analysis. The research found limited studies with the “the impact of the XR in architectural education" keyword. Following the systematic review, three articles remained. These articles were assessed to investigate the use of XR technologies in design studio education. The reviewed articles generally indicated positive outcomes from using XR technologies in one or more components of design studio education.

Integrating Extended Reality in Architectural Design Studio Teaching and Reviews: Implementing a Participatory Action Research Framework

Integrating Extended Reality in Architectural Design Studio Teaching and Reviews: Implementing a Participatory Action Research Framework

Aligning Design Studio Pedagogy to Industry Practice: Future Proofing Higher Design Education

Amid the Covid-19 pandemic, design education experienced a significant shift as traditional studio teaching went online. This transition coincided with industry demands for adaptable, technology-proficient graduates prepared to work and collaborate as part of a decentralized workforce. This study examines how design educators in seven countries adapted their post-pandemic studio pedagogy to align with these industry needs. An online survey was used to efficiently reach the wide, geographically dispersed participant pool of educators. Findings indicate a rising acceptance of online technologies in studio teaching. The majority of design educators are now incorporating online elements into their design teaching. Pre-recorded lectures, online feedback and critique sessions, self-paced learning activities, and the use of cloud-based collaboration tools are amongst the most frequently employed methods. Nearly a third of surveyed educators are even considering teaching fully online design courses. This shift reflects a forward-thinking approach aimed at better aligning design education and industry. However, the study also highlights the importance of remaining open to disruptive technologies like generative Artificial Intelligence which is currently reshaping the design industry and work practices.

The studio in tertiary education

Why is studio teaching important for interior design? Can interior design perhaps architecture really be taught withou the use of a live studio? Why is there a need to ask this question at all?

McLuhan’s Tetrad as a Tool to Interpret the Impact of Online Studio Education on Design Studio Pedagogy

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in online studio education, which has presented a significant challenge to traditional design studio teaching methods that rely on face-to-face interactions between instructors and students. It is contended that online studio education enhances the accessibility of design studio pedagogy, making it possible for students to learn from anywhere in the world. However, it also challenges the development of tactile skills, which are crucial in design education. Additionally, online studio education can render certain aspects of traditional design studio pedagogy obsolete, while bringing back elements of design history and theory that may have been overlooked in traditional studio teaching. It can also be argued that online studio education has the potential to reverse the traditional power dynamics between instructors and students, resulting in more democratic and collaborative forms of learning that can empower students. As the literature on the effects of online studio education is growing, there is a need to understand how the shift from the material space and its affordances to an online environment affects the core components of an architectural design studio. To understand the effects of this new medium, this research employed Marshall McLuhan’s tetradic approach, a hermeneutic tool to perform a critical interpretation of any medium by examining four simultaneous effects: how it enhances a human sense, what it makes obsolete, what forgotten aspect it retrieves, and how it flips into its opposite at its extremes. A literature review was conducted to analyze the effects of online studios from a tetradic framework and identify the major discussions of the impact of online studio education. The methodology involves a two-part literature review. This study specifically focused on peer-reviewed, empirical research published after 2020, and the authors used search terms related to online architectural studios during the pandemic. The process identified 176 records of peer-reviewed empirical studies for further analysis and 20 papers were read and included in the review, defining repeating topics/themes and organized under four categories pertaining to the founding archetypes of an architectural design studio: (a) setting and communication, (b) actors, (c) outputs, and (d) dynamics. This process was followed by organizing the findings and interpreting them within the tetradic framework to develop a comprehensive understanding of the consequences of the online design studio. Overall, this research aims to provide a detailed and nuanced analysis of the impact of online studio education on design studio pedagogy, conceptualizing McLuhan’s tetrad as a basis for the analysis, and therefore aiming to enrich our understanding of the post-COVID-19 era of learning architecture by examining the dramatic change in the medium and its effects.

Notes from the Anti-Displacement Studio

This article addresses the question of how design pedagogy and methods can be reformulated and retooled to support community-led anti-displacement planning and design initiatives. It critically examines and reflects on a series of architecture courses taught by the author in which students have worked with Boston-based community leaders on anti-displacement planning and design strategies over two academic years. The analysis particularly focuses on the anti-displacement studio, which takes a grounded, relational, and reparative approach to addressing current gaps in design studio education by aligning university-based teaching and learning with community-led decolonizing agendas. Leaning into the university’s location in Lower Roxbury and harnessing the instructor’s existing relationship with community leaders as an anchor for ongoing collaboration, the studio remains a work-in-progress that is replete with tensions and challenges, which carry implications for radical planning and design pedagogy.

Implementation And Interventions of Studio Thinking in Art Education

The teaching mode of traditional art education imparts knowledge in a relatively simple way, which is easy to restrict the development of thinking. In the studio teaching mode, the teaching of design thinking can get rid of the traditional way from book to paper design, get rid of the misunderstanding that design thinking is equivalent to creative courses, realize the integration of resources, combine theory with practice based on projects, and develop design thinking, to cultivate students' scientific thinking methods, spirit of unity and cooperation, and innovative ability in professional practice.

Yerel Kültür Bağlamında Bir Stüdyo Çalışması ile Mimari Tasarım Süreci Deneyimi

In the globalizing world, the transfer of the cultural fabric of cities and regions, urban landscapes, to future generations is deemed a pivotal issue. Imitative endeavors, crafted to pass on local culture through architectural works, not only breed misunderstandings of the local culture but also impede architectural development. The incorporation of local culture into original architectural works and its fusion with modern architecture has emerged as a formidable design challenge. The transmission of this design challenge and the associated awareness to architects can be achieved by emphasizing the subject in studio education. In this context, a boutique hotel design project was executed in Sille, a historic settlement, as part of the Konya Technical University Department of Architecture Studio 4 course during the 2022-2023 Spring Semester. Throughout the course, students were tasked with developing projects within the framework of the concept of ‘place’. The expectation was for students not only to grasp the concept of ‘place’ but also to comprehend its seamless integration into the architectural project and resolve the spatial organization of the hotel. At the end of the semester, six student projects were selected and evaluated within the scope of the study. The analysis of project proposals revealed that while students demonstrated an understanding of the concept of ‘place’, there was a partial inadequacy in effectively reflecting the local culture in their architectural projects. In this regard, it may be considered to add other course(s) to the curriculum to support the design process, especially to enable students to grasp the relationship more easily between local culture and architecture.

Administering AEC Professionals’ Project Delivery Cross-Culture Productivity: Malaysia vs United Kingdom

Borderless world is transforming construction professionals on how to communicate and work across the globe. Many missed communication and different work culture could result in many variation orders and time wastage in construction. This paper looks to discuss the mixed research methodology results on how to administer architect, engineer and contractor (AEC) professionals’ cross-work culture productivity during building deployment. 34 participants were selected for semi-structured interviews and participatory observations were conducted in two multidisciplinary teams of architect, engineer, and contractor from the United Kingdom (UK) and the Malaysia firms for six months. Then, SimVision® simulations were use as the Cognitive Organizational Theory (COT) protocols based on structural system and project dexterity parameters. Statistics corroborations were then conducted to obtain generalization and reliability. The case study results showed that the UK and the Malaysian team have similarities in operating nature of building deployment and differences in practice and value preferences when delivering a project, whilst model MMsRwB is the ideal for replicating UK’s project productivity efficiency. The findings could guide international construction professionals or teams from developed and developing countries to joint venture in their country successfully especially for Malaysian context. The paper would firstly discuss the literature, secondly describe the mixed method methodology and then present the expected result. The paper recommends future research on formalizing communication system for AEC professionals through integrating Malaysian AEC transdisciplinary global practice in a design studio education program.

Exploring Spanish studio music teachers’ views on topics related to creativity

While creativity is a primary focus in music education, its exploration within the realm of music studio teaching is considerably less extensive compared with other educational contexts. Moreover, the related research is predominantly focused on creativity in developing music skills. In the present study, we explore how Spanish instrumental music teachers ( n = 10) perceive creativity and its development among students in the music studio, in the absence of predefined limitations (i.e., with respect to various forms and definitions of creativity inherent in the music studio as perceived from their viewpoint). By means of a case study methodology, we gathered data over a one-year period through a questionnaire, in-depth interviews, participants’ written essays, and researchers’ journal entries following observations of the participants’ teaching practices. Subsequently, qualitative analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. Among our main results, we found tensions between our participants’ theories and their practices, evidence for an underlying individual-centered theory of creativity, both positive and negative attitudes toward the development of creativity among their students, and ignorance of creativity in music listening. Our study implications emphasize the urgency of implementing strategies to enhance teacher self-awareness and underscore the need for further investigation into music studio teaching with a specific focus on creativity.

Outcome Based Curriculum Development for Studio Courses: Data Mining an example course

Abstract—Over the past few decades, with a growing emphasis on learner-centric methodologies, the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) framework has become prominent, with the aim of bridging the gap between academic learning experiences and industry requirements. Outcome Based Education (OBE) has been proving its prominence to ensure intended outcomes and quality. Efforts in designing and development of outcome-based curriculum help to create an effective learning environment. Outcome Based Curriculum Development (OBCD) ensures not only the domain knowledge but also centennial mastery over the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed for Industry 4.0 and above. To fill the gap between academic learning and industry requirements, Studio Pedagogy is gaining prominence, particularly for a few hard core courses that require more activity-based learning rather than traditional teaching-learning, i.e. Studio-Based Learning (SBL). This paper discusses OBCD for such an engineering course, Data Mining that needs theoretical concepts to learn by doing, being taught to 5th semester students as a case study. The end survey and assessment performance demonstrated the effectiveness of designing and implementing curriculum for this course as a Studio course with Studio Based Learning. Keywords— Outcome based education, Outcome based curriculum Development, Studio Pedagogy, Studio Based Learning, Learning -by -doing.

The application of abstract think and graphic language for diagrammatic thinking in space design

Environmental design as a practical major in the university, is concentrating on training students to become professional designers to fit the requirements of the design market today. Traditional design education that only construction documents with CAD technology training has no longer satisfied the needs of economy and the market today, so we have to explore new strategy to change the way of teaching. This article explores some examples of new strategy of how to set up lecture, studio practices, and competition workshop for environmental design course system in high education institute in China. The goal is to transform abstractive thinking in art and design perception to representational diagram in visual technique. We hope this new exploration can reform the atmosphere during studio education, with merging new technique such as new digital media, AI and IT technology, and therefore, change the learning technique and improve students to learn more.

Collaborative Approach to the Spatial Journey- An Experiment in First Year Architectural Design Studio.

Abstract: An architectural design studio is a place for learning, experimentation, and exploration. Design of a built environment has constantly remained a collective activity where the architect, client, structural engineer, surveyor, service contractor, mason, and many others work together for a common goal. In the traditional design studio model, a student is expected to follow a set of design procedures like ideation, conceptualization iteration, and finalization to arrive at the outcome. He is supposed to design a built form based on context, climate, socio-economic parameters, and function using appropriate materials and technology. Often the process becomes a drool if the student is allowed to follow the sequence all alone. He or she may get stuck and lack motivation. But if the studio pedagogy involves discussion and an endeavor to explore rational thinking by adopting learning by doing together which may involve peer group discussion and continuous inputs from faculties, the process becomes much more interesting. A pupil studying architecture needs to cooperate and engage in design studios with his or her classmates and faculty. In addition, the students need to confederate, to achieve the objective of learning in a way that prepares them for the extremely synergistic phenomena of the architectural profession. (Crosbie, 1995; Daniels, 2002).This research aims to understand the effectiveness of design studios that can work in collaboration to refine every partaker’s contribution to the design methodology. The research was supervised as a semester-long exercise that integrated forty-six students from the first-year Architectural Design program, at KLE Technological University, India. The author explored quantitative analysis in the form of rubrics along with qualitative parameters like peer assessment, faculty feedback, and student response in the design process. . Keywords— Collaborative Design Studio; Design Methodology; Traditional Design Studio.

From the School to the Public - Art Education Based on Studio Teaching Method

From the School to the Public - Art Education Based on Studio Teaching Method

A Note to Readers for Essays: Waewae Taku Haere and Whakamana

A note to readers for essays: 'Waewae Taku Haere: Stepping into Belonging in Storied Landscapes' and 'Whakamana: Embracing Uncertainty in Relationally Responsible Spatial Design Studio Pedagogy for a Flourishing Aotearoa'.