Study Of Working Conditions Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF THE DERMAL EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON PROFESSIONAL CONTINGENTS USING INNOVATIVE 3RIVE 3D TECHNOLOGY

The skin is the most vulnerable organ when spraying pesticides on fields. Farmers are also exposed to pesticides during mixing, loading of pesticides, and when cleaning equipment and disposing of empty containers. The aim. To study and analyze the features of the risk of pesticides dermal exposure to professional contingents during treatments using the innovative 3RIVE 3D pesticide application technology. Materials and methods. The 3RIVE 3D innovative technological system of introducing was used to applicate Brigade 3Rive 3D, SC formulation. Field experiments on the study of working conditions when using the pesticide were conducted in various soil and climatic regions of Eastern Europe. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using a package of licensed statistical programs IBM SPSS StatisticsBase v.22 and MS Excel. Research results and discussion. During the conducted research, no bifenthrin contamination was found on the open skin of the operator and the tractor driver, who were processing corn crops with the Brigade 3Rive 3D, SC formulation. However, the operator's gloves were found to contain 0.025 mg of bifenthrin. Calculation of the unitless CASd value on the possibility of skin acute effects when applying the formulation showed that bifenthrin and the Brigade 3Rive 3D, SC formulation based on it are characterized by sufficient selectivity of action on the target object (CASd – 645 and 162, respectively, i.e. > 100) and a low level of danger acute dermal toxic effects for workers, which is due to low values of effective consumption rates. The real dermal risk of bifenthrin exposure when using the Brigade 3Rive3D, SC formulation was significantly lower compared to the risk of workers involved in “traditional” air treatment and treatment with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (p=0.009-0.048 according to Wilcoxon's W-criterion); in comparison with rod and fan processing – it is non-significantly lower (р=0.262-1.000). There was a similar picture in comparison with the dermal aggravated risk – significantly lower in comparison with the risk of workers involved in “traditional” air treatment and processing with the help of UAVs (p=0.009 according to Wilcoxon's W-criterion); in comparison with rod and fan treatment – non-significantly lower (р=0.262-1.000). Conclusion. It was established that the studied active substance bifenthrin and the Brigade 3Rive 3D, SC formulation based on it are characterized by sufficient selectivity of dermal action on the target object and a low probability of acute dermal effects. A higher probability of acute inhalation poisoning than dermal exposure was revealed.

Study of working conditions by dust factor in foundries with different production patterns

The results of the dust content study at workplaces of foundry parts with different production patterns are considered. It is noted that the dust content in the foundry sections working area air exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations at all workplaces, while the greatest exceedances are noted in mass production workshops. The greatest impact of dust is exposed to the cutters, cleaners and casting technicians.

Corporate health preservation programs are the main element of the health-saving system of the working population

Introduction. Risk management is one of the main directions of occupational health at the present stage. At the same time, the analysis of factors affecting human health is an important component of this process. Many scientific papers have been devoted to the study of the health status of industrial workers, showing priority etiological factors contributing to the development of both occupational and chronic non-infectious pathology. Much less attention is paid to the study of the causes and consequences of health disorders of social workers, who make up a significant part of the able-bodied population. The purpose of the research is to develop modular corporate programs for industrial and social workers using scientifically based differentiated approaches. Materials and methods. The study of working conditions, socio-demographic factors, lifestyle characteristics, morbidity of nine hundred forty seven employees of various professional groups, clinical and functional examination and neuropsychological testing of 395 employees of the studied enterprises and institutions was carried out. The assessment of working conditions was carried out using data of sanitary and hygienic characteristics and charts for special assessment of working conditions, socio-demographic status, lifestyle and self-esteem of employees were studied using questionnaires, neuropsychological questionnaires were used, morbidity was analyzed based on data from outpatient charts and a functional survey. Results. The analysis of working conditions revealed priority production factors affecting the health of employees of the studied occupational groups: the noise vibration factor and the severity of labour in machine-building workers and miners, labour intensity in combination with other factors for social workers. The risk factors of lifestyle, risk diseases characteristic of workers of various industries and workers of the non-industrial sphere have been identified. Limitation: the study was conducted on a representative sample of 947 employees, 395 of whom underwent an in-depth examination, the limitation of the results of the study was the subjective assessments of respondents during the questionnaire. Conclusion. The obtained results made it possible to develop differentially directed medical and preventive effects, taking into account the peculiarities for each professional group.

Improving the System of Health Maintenance in Social Workers

Introduction: Health maintenance in workers implies assessment of occupational risks and development of techniques of their elimination in order to increase labor efficiency and working life expectancy. Objective: To develop the system for maintaining health of social workers based on occupational risk assessment and management. Materials and methods: In 2019–2022, studies of working conditions, socio-demographic status, and psychological wellbeing of social workers were conducted in the clinic of F.F. Erisman Federal Research Center for Hygiene. Results: We established groups of social workers at risk of health disorders, such as common diseases and various manifestations of occupational burnout, including groups with null, early, and severe signs of job burnout, and elaborated programs for disease prevention incorporating targeted techiques of health maintenance. Conclusion: We provide a rationale for the system of preserving physical and mental health of social workers that contains various modules aimed at optimizing working conditions, mitigating risk factors, preventing health disorders, including occupational burnout, and promoting a healthy lifestyle.

Hygienic assessment of priority factors of labor conditions in modern medical organizations

Currently, one of the main tasks of the state and society is to preserve and strengthen the health of the able-bodied population. Employees of medical organizations are exposed to the combined effects of a significant number of harmful occupational factors. In particular, factors of the production environment include biological, chemical and physical, factors of the labor process — tension and severity. Therefore, the study of working conditions of medical personnel is a priority in occupational hygiene. The purpose of the study is to identify the priority production-related and occupational pathology in a medical organization. The object of the study was 1443 maps of special assessment of working conditions, the results of laboratory and instrumental studies of microclimate parameters, lighting (5398 measurements in 60 rooms), air samples for the content of microorganisms (727 samples). According to studies of the conditions and nature of work at the workplaces of medical workers in the studied medical organizations, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions and their own research, they corresponded to the harmful class 1–3 and for cancer hospital workers of the 4th degree. The level of maximum microbial load in the resident and nursing rooms increased by the middle of the work shift and remained high until the end of the working day. Since the air velocity in the studied rooms was at a very low level, this criterion may be a risk factor for aggravating the course of general somatic pathologies and, as a consequence, the development of production-related morbidity among medical workers. It can also be noted that in 100 % of cases, fungi were detected, with this number decreasing by the end of the working shift, representatives of the genus Staphylococcus, on the contrary, tended to increase from the beginning of the worker to its end. The conditions and nature of the work of medical workers in the studied medical organizations, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions, corresponded to a harmful class of 1–4 degrees. The 4th degree of the 3rd class of working conditions was due to the work of staff with cytostatic drugs. The microclimatic parameters corresponded to hygienic standards (at low air speeds). In 100 % of cases, fungi and representatives of the genus Staphylococcus were found in all air samples. A detailed study of the species identification of micromycetes in the indoor air showed that the number of micromycetes of the genus Penicillium and Aspergillus significantly exceeded the number of other species.

Study of working conditions at enterprises of the Ulyanovsk region and their impact on the health of employees

Study of working conditions at enterprises of the Ulyanovsk region and their impact on the health of employees

Modern trends in the formation of occupational pathology when working on mobile agricultural machinery

Introduction. There are currently several works in the scientific literature devoted to studying the influence of working conditions on mobile agricultural machinery on the occupational morbidity of workers on the example of individual regions. Still, Russian Federation did not conduct such studies before. The study aims to analyze working conditions and current trends in the formation of occupational pathology when working on mobile agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The paper uses the results of long-term sanitary-hygienic and ergonomic studies of working conditions when working on mobile agricultural machinery and data on the level of occupational morbidity (PZ) of farmworkers of the Russian Federation in 2011-2017. Results. Microclimatic discomfort, dustiness and gas contamination of the working area air, industrial noise, general and local vibration, physical overload, forming harmful operating conditions (classes 3.2-3.4), occupational risk categories from medium to very high characterize working on mobile agriculture machinery. From 2011 to 2017, researchers have identified 960 agricultural machine operators with 1052 occupational diseases in the Russian Federation, formed mainly under the influence of physical factors and physical overloads. In the nosological structure of occupational diseases (OD), the first place is occupied by vibration disease (VD), the second by radiculopathy (RP), and the third by sensorineural hearing loss. Researchers characterize the current trends in the nosological structure by a significant increase in the prevalence of radiculopathy against the background of a decrease in diagnosis cases of vibration disease. Conclusions. Working conditions when working on mobile agricultural machinery remain harmful and pose a high risk of developing occupational radiculopathy, vibration disease and sensorineural hearing loss. It should be taken into account when developing measures to prevent occupational pathology for agricultural machine operators.

Workability of dentists working in state children's dental polyclinics

Introduction. A high level of workability of a doctor is an essential part of successful professional activity. The assessment of workability in combination with the study of working conditions, health status and quality of life of a specialist seems to be one of the actual areas of occupational health. The aim of the study was to analyze the workability of dentists providing medical care to children in state children’s dental polyclinics and children’s departments of state dental polyclinics providing medical care to adults in St. Petersburg. Materials and methods. A survey included 120 dentists using a standardized workability questionnaire. Workability was characterized by the level of current workability and workability index. Statistical data processing was carried out using SPSS 17.0 software. Results. The average values of current workability and workability index in the studied group of dentists are in the average (reduced) level - 6.1 ± 1.7 and 33.0 ± 5.3. The majority of doctors indicated the presence of certain health disorders, although 40% noted that their health will allow them to adequately fulfil their professional duties in the next two years. 62% of specialists were characterized by a good level of work motivation. From the total number of specialists, 68% had up to 9 days of disability per year. The group of dental surgeons did not have specialists with excellent work ability, and the proportion of doctors with good workability was half the size of others. 68% of doctors need to improve workability, and 11% need to restore it. Discussion. It is alarming that half of the specialists had a low (threatening) level of current work ability with average levels of current work ability and work ability index. Only 8.3% of doctors consider themselves absolutely healthy and capable of doing work without restrictions. Conclusion. The majority of dentists corresponds to average workability level. Workability indicators and the number of days of disability of dental surgeons are worse than those of orthodontists and pediatric dentists. The majority of doctors need to improve workability.

Landsbergis, Johanning, Stillo Respond to Letter to the Editor.

Landsbergis, Johanning, Stillo Respond to Letter to the Editor.

State and prospects of hygienic regulation of the production environment with a reduced oxygen content (literature review)

The work is devoted to the physiological and hygienic foundations of the safety of activities in the conditions of the changed gas environment and characteristics of the main medical measures for the employees’ protection in a hypoxic environment, the analysis of domestic and foreign data, the study of working conditions in the environment with the reduced oxygen concentration in the air. Investigations were carried out on premises with various technological processes, a changing environment, and a reduced oxygen concentration when employees perform multiple operations. The health status of workers was assessed depending on the time spent in the changed gas environment and the percentage of oxygen. Having analyzed the regulatory documents currently existing in the Russian Federation on the assessment and control of production factors, working conditions in confined spaces with a low oxygen concentration in the air, air environment to maintain health, high performance, and prevent diseases, experts concluded that it is necessary to develop Sanitary Rules and Norms, SanPiN “Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for Habitability (Stay) in Confined Spaces with a Low Oxygen Concentration in the Air” because currently there is no document existing specifically on this issue. The literature was searched in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI. There were prepared draft sanitary plans and standards “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the environment with a reduced concentration of oxygen in the air,” which establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the environment with a reduced concentration of oxygen in the air, as well as for the organization of control, methods measurements of air components at workplaces and measures to prevent harmful effects on the health of workers. They apply to work conditions in the living environment for all premises with a reduced oxygen concentration in the air.

Study of working conditions in aluminum casting shops worksites

The results of the study of working conditions in aluminum casting shops worksites are presented. The results of these studies showed that in worksites there are exceedance of the permissible limits for noise, vibration, the content of harmful substances in the working environment, intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation and air temperature. There is effect of electromagnetic radiation on the workers during the service of induction furnaces. In addition, the main harmful production factors include the severity of work and the intensity of the labor process. The efficiency of the protective screens of the IAT-6 induction crucible furnace was evaluated.

Clinical and hygienic evaluation of patients with occupational polyneuropathy of upper extremities

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of working conditions and the health status of patients with occupational polyneuropathy (PNP) of the upper limbs. Such a clinical and hygienic assessment of people with occupational PNP contributes to the optimal examination and treatment of patients with the preliminary diagnosis who are referred to occupational pathology centers.Material and methods. The study included 236 patients of two main occupations (painters-plasterers and miners): 113 women and 123 men. Results. The average age of patients at the time of the examination was: for painters-plasterers (women) - 55.5 ± 5.7 years, for miners (men) - 53.9 ± 6.3 years. Work experience of patients with physical overload at the time of diagnosis of occupational PNP accounted for plasterers - 25.1 ± 8.0 years, for miners - 20.4 ± 6.7 years. Working conditions of plasterers and miners were revealed to contribute to the development of occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal system from the effects of physical overload and functional overstrain of the muscles of the upper extremities. Most often occupational PNP of the upper limbs is accompanied by the parallel development of professional chronic shoulder-scapular periarthrosis, epicondylosis, myofibrosis of the forearms, and shoulder girdle (a complex of occupational pathology of the «working hand»); radiculopathy of the cervical and lumbosacral levels.Conclusions. The main common harmful factor in the examined patients is the severity of the labor process. In less than one-fourth of the examined patients (15,7%) occupational PNP of the upper limbs was the only occupational disease. In other cases, its development was accompanied by the appearance of other occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. Patients referred to the examination in occupational pathology centers with a diagnosis of “PNP of the upper extremities” need a comprehensive examination to verify a possible complex of occupational pathology.

STUDY OF THE OPERATING MODES OF DRAINAGE LAYERS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

The work presents the study of working conditions of draining layers with crushed fraction 20 – 40 mm, and with medium grained sand in complex with tubular transverse shallow drainage. Investigations have been carried out on the construction of a road structure, the dimensions of which correspond to the field conditions. Investigations measured the amount of drained water from the trench and the time it was drained. On the basis of the results obtained, the operating modes of the drainage structures are determined, which depends on the properties of the fillers and the withdrawal time. Both types of construction are divided into short-term and long-term modes in terms of water discharge intensity. According to these regimes, the average discharge intensity of each type of drainage structure was determined and differed significantly. The work of two drainage structures was also analyzed: the drainage structure with the gravel layer worked on the drainage principle, as opposed to the drainage structure with the sand layer - on the absorption principle.

The value of aircraft noise the risk of development of occupational diseases in flying personnel of the air force

During professional activities of fl ying personnel of the air forces exposed to the combined effect of harmful factors. Noise is one of the leading harmful factors in the workplace of aviation professionals, as it has a wide range of adverse effects on humans. High acoustic load creates the risk of occupational diseases. Purpose of the study was to assess the importance of aircraft noise in the risk of professional and professionally caused pathology on the basis of the study of working conditions and morbidity of the fl ight-lifting composition of the Air force. To solve this goal, an assessment of the working conditions of the fl ight and lifting equipment, its morbidity according to accounting documentation and sanitary-hygienic method of risk assessment was carried out. The class of working conditions corresponds to harmful noise (class 3.3) and infrasound permissible (class 2). The analysis of morbidity showed that the structure of diseases is dominated by diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the organ of hearing and vision, which according to generally accepted criteria correspond to occupational diseases. Based on the results of hygienic assessment of labour conditions, materials of periodic medical examinations and epidemiological data category of evidence of risk in fl ying personnel composition in accordance with the criteria for assessment of professional risk according to the degree of evidence necessary to be classifi ed as proved. Aviation noise plays an important role in the formation of professional pathology of the fl ight-lifting structure and determines the professional risk of diseases, which requires measures to improve working conditions and optimize the acoustic load.

A study of working conditions in the shops of non-ferrous casting

The results of the study of working conditions of workers in non-ferrous casting shops are presented. It is shown that the main production factors of working conditions are noise, vibration, dust, gas, air temperature, the intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation, the severity and intensity of the labor process. The results of the research have shown that all workplaces have exceeded the permissible values for noise, dust content in the air of the working environment, the intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation and air temperature.It is noted that the work performed due to the severity and intensity of the labor process can negatively affect the health of employees.

Occupational risk assessment in crusher operators in polymetals production

A comprehensive study of working conditions and health status of individuals running the crusher machines was done. Occupational risk assessment was conducted. The impact of the production process on the body systems functioning was estimated.

Study of working conditions & morbidity profile amongst tailors in small scale garment manufacturing outfits in a suburban slum of Mumbai: A quant-Qual mixed method study

Context: Tailors in Malvani work for long hours in dismal conditions. Most are migrants & may not have authorized documents to validate their residency or workplace. Moreover they report to the medical facilities only after incurring significant out of pocket expenditure. Aims: To evaluate the working conditions and study morbidity profile of tailors working in the small scale garment manufacturing outfits in a suburban slum of Mumbai and identify lifestyle or workplace related factors which affect their health status. Settings and Design: A sequential quantitativequalitative Mixed method study was conducted in 110 tailors working in the new collector compound (NCC) area of Malvani. Methods and Material: Interviews and examination was conducted in OPD & data collected about morbidity profile. This was followed by visit to their workplace and in depth interviews conducted to obtain qualitative data.Statistical analysis used: Descriptive analysis using percentage and graphical representation.Results: All 110 tailors were males working for hours ranging from 10-12 hours per day and work often extended to 16 hours during pre-festival & marriage period. Workplaces were single rooms of either 10/10 ft. or 12/26 ft. dimensions that had poor light and were congested. Most workplaces had no attached toilets. The morbidity pattern amongst tailors indicates that they are vulnerable to chronic morbidities which are compounded by their occupational profile.Conclusions: The working conditions & nature of occupational demands make tailors a vulnerable population for occupational health risks. Most of these health risks are preventable through preventive, promotive, curative & rehabilitative interventions.

Сдельные формы найма рабочих в помещичьем хозяйстве Тамбовской губернии в конце XIX века

We describe the working conditions of piecework workers of landowner’s household of Tambov Governorate at the late 19th century. We analyze the specifics of early forms of employment, the amount of wages, and the relationship between the employee and the employer. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to fill the historiographical gap in the study of working conditions of piecework workers, its significance for the development of the landowner’s household after the abolition of serfdom. The novelty of the work is determined by a comprehen-sive study of agricultural hiring in landowner’s economies, consideration of both collective and individual forms of employment of piecework workers. The source for this work was the materials describing large Tambov estates, collections of statistical data on the Tambov Governorate. It is shown that piecework workers received money for performing a strictly defined task by mutual agreement with the landowner. Such workers could be employed in different areas of the lan-downer’s household. At the same time, it is established that the economic format of the absolute majority of piecework workers in Tambov economies was associated with the procedure of returning the debt to the landowner. This allowed to reduce the amount of real payments to piecework workers. Based on the study of workers’ labor, it is revealed that in addition to the monetary form of advance hiring for field work, the region also widely practiced the in-kind form of payment, secured by lease agreements for the sublease of land. It was found that the winter hiring of workers and the reduction of wages created the ground for abuse of hired workers.

Road ambulances: working conditions of paramedics - pilot studies.

The article presents the results of selected pilot studies conducted in medical ambulances. Their aim was to determine the working conditions and identify troublesome factors accompanying the performance of basic medical procedures by rescue teams. The study of working conditions was carried out in Mercedes-Benz ambulances, type S and P. Fifty-one paramedics of the Emergency Medical Rescue Service in Siedlce took part in the research. The questionnaire expert survey method and the direct observation method were used. As a result of the applied research methods, knowledge was gained on the irregularities and difficulties that occur at the workplace of a paramedic, i.e., in an ambulance, including the lack of access to essential elements of medical equipment and their different location inside the vehicle, and the diversity of solutions for the spatial structure of ambulances, which all cause difficulties at work. Research has shown that paramedics take, on average, 33 min to familiarize themselves with the location of equipment in an ambulance other than the one in which they are usually on duty. There was no correlation between the lifeguard's length of service and the time necessary for getting acquainted with the equipment, which was studied using Pearson's correlation coefficient. In the study, rescuers also pointed to musculoskeletal ailments, mainly spinal pains resulting from taking forced positions during medical activities in an ambulance. The results obtained constitute the basis for the author's methodology of complex research aimed at defining the ergonomic recommendations necessary in the modification process of the operated medical fleet. The next step will be to formulate uniform guidelines for the construction of medical compartments of ambulances, the application of which will lead to the unification of their spatial structure regardless of the vehicle brand. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(1):91-105.

Bringing Organizations Back in: Going from Healthy Work to Healthy Workplaces

The aim of this article is to discuss how the concept of inequality regimes can contribute to theoretical and methodological advances in occupational health research. We posit the mutual advantages of bringing together feminist intersectional analysis of inequality in working life with studies of working conditions and health. The job demands and control model (JDC) is used as a starting point for the discussion. Reintegration of organizational analysis into studies of working conditions and health is warranted, as organizations influence how working conditions are distributed and individuals are stratified in the labor market. We refer to that development as going from healthy work to healthy workplaces. We discuss how the concept of inequality regimes is open for mixed method analysis and how it can be used as a theoretical framework for unraveling the ways in which inequalities in working conditions and health are (re)created in different types of organizations.