Study Of Various Issues Research Articles

Book review: Sanachin S.P. Research on the history of the Kazan region, mainly Kazan: collection of articles. Book 2 (Kazan, 2022)

The review describes the collection of works by the famous Kazan researcher of history and architecture S.P. Sanachin, which is devoted to the study of various issues in the history of Kazan and the Kazan region in the 16th–21st centuries. The author’s enormous contribution to the study of the historical, cultural, historical and architectural heritage of Kazan and the region is noted, and the scientific and practical significance of the collection, which is the result of the researcher’s work over many years, is shown. The author’s skill in the ability to find interesting details in well-known and little-known sources, and the widespread use of the comparative method in their complex analysis are emphasized.
 For citation: Faizrakhmanov I.Z. Book review: Sanachin S.P. Research on the history of the Kazan region, mainly Kazan: collection of articles. Book 2 (Kazan, 2022). From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2023, vol.13, no.4, pp.189–193. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2023-13-4.189-193 (In Russian)

Միքայել Աստապատեցու՝ Հյուսիսային Արցախի Գանձակի երկու անտիպ ձեռագրեր (18-րդ դարի երկրորդ կես) / Two unpublished manuscripts of Gandzak of Northern Artsakh of Mikael Astapatetsi (the second half of the 18th century)

The activities of the centers of writing formed in various monasteries and churches of medieval Armenia are valued in the development of the Armenian manuscript culture. The writing centers of a number of places, Dadivank (also - Dado), Amaras, Gandzasar, Gtchavank, Khanatsakh, Avetaranots, the village of Khznavar, Charekavank, Parisos Monastery, Yerits Mankants Monastery, St. Hakoba Monastery, Yeghishe Apostle Monastery, the church of St. Astvatsatsin of the village of Arajadzor, Hirher (Herher), Shushi, as well as the north-eastern part of Artsakh were known. Some of the many manuscripts written and rewritten in these writing centers have come down to us. Currently, the manuscripts are kept in the Matenadaran named after Mesrop Mashtots and the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. In our scientific article, we refer to two atypical manuscripts written by Mikayel Astapatetsi in Gandzak (Northern Artsakh) in the second half of the 18th century. One of the manuscripts is called "Gospel" which was written in Persian with Armenian script. There are no miniatures, ornaments in the "Gospel" which are usually present in the sections described by the four evangelists (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John). The name of the customer is unknown. The manuscript describes the sections presented by the four evangelists: "Gospel according to Matthew", "Gospel according to Mark", "Gospel according to Luke", "Gospel according to John". There are some stories about of the birth, baptism, preaching, healings, miracles, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ written by the apostles. The next rewritten manuscript of Mikael Astapatetsi is called "Medicine". Methods for preparing various medicines from plants, the names of various diseases, the causes, the methods of the treatment, etc. were presented in the manuscript. Thanks to those manuscripts, the idea of centuries-old Armenian traditions, Christian faith, as well as Armenian folk medicine and indisputable facts was spread in some Muslim circles in that difficult period. On the other hand, this manuscript containing the valuable works of Amirdovlat Amasiatsi is an important source for the study of various issues of medieval medicine.

The most important results of clinical trials for breast cancer systemic therapy in 2021

This article discusses the most significant results of recent studies of various issues of systemic therapy for both early and metastatic breast cancer. The high efficacy of a number of experimental regimens and drugs can serve as the basis for their early introduction into clinical practice. On the other hand, given several possible treatment options in one setting, it is required to search for predictive biomarkers, as well as to determine the most optimal sequence of standard and new therapy regimens.

Проєкт “Місця пам’яті української дипломатії” як енциклопедичне джерело

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Ukraine and foreign countries. On this occasion, cultural and scientific events took place during 2017-2021. Contacts between figures of science and culture of Ukraine and others were promoted with these events. And another profit from them is the study of various issues increasing knowledge about the history of Ukrainian diplomacy. One of the elements of this process was the symbolic marking with memorial plaques in other countries, which make Ukraine’s historical diplomatic ties with them. Team work aimed to study the symbolic marks of Ukrainian diplomacy has contributed to the accumulation of a lot of important information. That’s why the idea appeared to build the encyclopedic work – Places of Memory of Ukrainian Diplomacy (currently being compiled). This article describes the significance of this encyclopedic dictionary in the context of covering the history of Ukrainian diplomacy, in particular showing the formation of close diplomatic relations with other states, which took place during the turbulent period of 1917-1921.

Перспективність створення об'єктів декоративного значення на базі Ботанічного саду "Поділля"

Описано роль та значення ботанічного саду "Поділля", як парку-пам'ятки садово-паркового мистецтва загальнодержавного значення. Ботанічний сад "Поділля" є парком-пам'яткою садово-паркового мистецтва загальнодержавного значення і розкриває красу та неповторність Подільської дендрофлори. Поряд з великим різноманіттям наукових завдань ботанічний сад є завершеним творінням садово-паркового будівництва, де важливу роль відіграє формування ландшафтних композиції, як окремих ділянок, так і усього саду загалом. Ландшафтні композиції саду розкривають найцікавіші природні компоненти довколишнього ландшафту, якнайкраще вирішують архітектурно-планувальні зв'язки на його території, а також висвітлюють декоративні і художньо-естетичні властивості рослин. Висвітлено основні періоди створення ботанічного саду. Подано таксономічну структуру культивованої дендрофлори ботанічного саду. Проведено аналіз розподілу території. До складу ботанічного саду "Поділля" входять, такі відділи як: дендрарій; типологічний відділ лісів Поділля; помологічний відділ (плодово-ягідних культур); систематичний відділ трав'яних рослин; відділ декоративних культур; розсадник декоративних і диких плодово-ягідних культур; відділ природознавства і охорони природи; зимовий сад з колекцією унікальних для Поділля субтропічних рослин. Окрім основних композиційних центрів, таких як ставок, центральна алея, паркові площі, партери і поляни, що розташовані по основному маршруту, в ботанічному саду виділяють ще такі об'єкти декоративного та утилітарного характеру, як: розарій, сирінгарій, дендрарій, науково-дослідні ділянки факультету агрономії та лісівництва, теплиці, плодовий розсадник, біостаціонар, оранжерея та експозиційна ділянка квітниково-декоративних рослин. Висвітлено перспективність використання об'єктів декоративного та утилітарного значення для збереження та збагачення рослинного різноманіття. Описано важливість та потреба знайомства студентів з деревно-чагарниковими, квітниково-декоративними угрупованнями на базі ботанічного саду для отримання потрібних практичних вмінь і навиків.

Why Do Young People Avoid Photo Tagging? A New Service Avoidance Scale

Despite the growing attention to the study of various issues concerning online self-presentation, little research has investigated the different reasons underlying the avoidance of online identity and presentation building features. Using a multistage investigation, this study has developed and validated a 25-item instrument for investigating the various reasons why young people avoid Facebook photo tagging. The instrument items were developed based on open-ended qualitative essays written by 141 Indian and Pakistani adolescents who use the Facebook photo-tagging service. From their qualitative responses, 38 items were first extracted and evaluated with 780 Indian adolescent photo taggers. This resulted in the development of a 25-item instrument which was reexamined a year later with 314 Indian adolescent and 106 young adult photo taggers. The study participants were recruited from India and Pakistan in order to address the criticism of previous Facebook research which is chiefly based on U.S.-only study samples. The developed instrument indicated six reasons: destruction of capital, dislike, worry, parental control, embarrassment, and personal appearance. The study results indicate that the developed instrument has a stable factorial structure, validity, and reliability over time. This new instrument offers various theoretical and practical implications for scholars engaged in research involving computer-mediated communication, online self-presentation, and young people.

A mechatronics platform to study prosthetic hand control using EMG signals.

In this paper, a low-cost mechatronics platform for the design and development of robotic hands as well as a surface electromyogram (EMG) pattern recognition system is proposed. This paper also explores various EMG classification techniques using a low-cost electronics system in prosthetic hand applications. The proposed platform involves the development of a four channel EMG signal acquisition system; pattern recognition of acquired EMG signals; and development of a digital controller for a robotic hand. Four-channel surface EMG signals, acquired from ten healthy subjects for six different movements of the hand, were used to analyse pattern recognition in prosthetic hand control. Various time domain features were extracted and grouped into five ensembles to compare the influence of features in feature-selective classifiers (SLR) with widely considered non-feature-selective classifiers, such as neural networks (NN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machines (SVM) applied with different kernels. The results divulged that the average classification accuracy of the SVM, with a linear kernel function, outperforms other classifiers with feature ensembles, Hudgin's feature set and auto regression (AR) coefficients. However, the slight improvement in classification accuracy of SVM incurs more processing time and memory space in the low-level controller. The Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test also shows that there is no significant difference in the classification performance of SLR with Hudgin's feature set to that of SVM with Hudgin's features along with AR coefficients. In addition, the KW test shows that SLR was found to be better in respect to computation time and memory space, which is vital in a low-level controller. Similar to SVM, with a linear kernel function, other non-feature selective LDA and NN classifiers also show a slight improvement in performance using twice the features but with the drawback of increased memory space requirement and time. This prototype facilitated the study of various issues of pattern recognition and identified an efficient classifier, along with a feature ensemble, in the implementation of EMG controlled prosthetic hands in a laboratory setting at low-cost. This platform may help to motivate and facilitate prosthetic hand research in developing countries.

A numerical approach to Blow-up issues for Davey-Stewartson II systems

We provide a numerical study of various issues pertaining to thedynamics of the Davey-Stewartson II systems. In particular weinvestigate whether or not the properties (blow-up, radiation,...)displayed by the focusing and defocusing Davey-Stewartson II integrable systems persist in the non integrable cases.

A numerical approach to blow-up issues for dispersive perturbations of Burgers’ equation

We provide a detailed numerical study of various issues pertaining to the dynamics of the Burgers’ equation perturbed by a weak dispersive term: blow-up in finite time versus global existence, nature of the blow-up, existence for “long” times, and the decomposition of the initial data into solitary waves plus radiation. We numerically construct solitary waves for fractional Korteweg–de Vries equations.

A Pre-Clinical Framework for Neural Control of a Therapeutic Upper-Limb Exoskeleton.

In this paper, we summarize a novel approach to robotic rehabilitation that capitalizes on the benefits of patient intent and real-time assessment of impairment. Specifically, an upper-limb, physical human-robot interface (the MAHI EXO-II robotic exoskeleton) is augmented with a non-invasive brain-machine interface (BMI) to include the patient in the control loop, thereby making the therapy 'active' and engaging patients across a broad spectrum of impairment severity in the rehabilitation tasks. Robotic measures of motor impairment are derived from real-time sensor data from the MAHI EXO-II and the BMI. These measures can be validated through correlation with widely used clinical measures and used to drive patient-specific therapy sessions adapted to the capabilities of the individual, with the MAHI EXO-II providing assistance or challenging the participant as appropriate to maximize rehabilitation outcomes. This approach to robotic rehabilitation takes a step towards the seamless integration of BMIs and intelligent exoskeletons to create systems that can monitor and interface with brain activity and movement. Such systems will enable more focused study of various issues in development of devices and rehabilitation strategies, including interpretation of measurement data from a variety of sources, exploration of hypotheses regarding large scale brain function during robotic rehabilitation, and optimization of device design and training programs for restoring upper limb function after stroke.

Erratum to: Ethics and aesthetics of technologies

In Human–Computer Interaction research, several disciplines have come to give their contribution to the field, each with different emphases, traditions and views points. Daniel Fallman elaborates ‘‘early parts of cognitive psychology showed interest in the new field and stressed the application of models and theories of cognitive processes when designing the meeting between human and interface’’ (Fallman 2007). Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) is concerned with the design, implementation and evaluation of interactive computer-based systems, as well as with the multi-disciplinary study of various issues affecting this interaction. The aim of HCI is ‘‘to ensure the safety, utility, effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility and usability of such systems. In recent years, HCI has attracted considerable attention by the academic and research communities, as well as by the Information Society Technologies industry’’ (Stephanidis and Savidis 2001). The on-going paradigm shift towards a knowledge-intensive Information Society has brought about radical changes in the way people work and interact with each other and with information. Computermediated human activities undergo fundamental changes and new ones appear continuously, as new, intelligent, distributed, and highly interactive technological environments emerge, making available concurrent access to heterogeneous information sources and interpersonal communication. The progressive fusion of existing and emerging technologies is transforming the computer from a specialist’s device into an information appliance. ‘‘This dynamic evolution is characterized by several dimensions of diversity that are intrinsic to the Information Society.’’ These become evident when considering the broad range of user characteristics, the changing nature of human activities, the variety of contexts of use, the increasing availability and diversification of information, knowledge sources and services, the proliferation of diverse technological platforms, etc. ‘‘Human–Computer Interaction plays a critical role in the context of the emerging Information Society, as citizens experience technology through their contact with the user interfaces of interactive products, applications and services. Therefore, it is important to ensure that user interfaces provide access and quality in use to all potential users, in all possible of contexts of use, and through a variety of technological platforms’’ (Tripathi 2005; Stephanidis 2007).

Ethics and aesthetics of technologies

Human life is thoroughly mediated by technologies and instruments. Contemporary life is a ‘‘technologically mediated life.’’ We rely on what we make in order to survive, to thrive and to live together in societies. Sometimes the things we make improve our lives, and sometimes they make our lives worse. Technological devices shape our culture and the environment, alter patterns of human activity, and influence who we are and how we live. (Kaplan 2009, 2008, 2007). ‘‘Philosophers of technology tend not to celebrate technological achievements, because they get celebrated all the time’’, says Albert Borgmann by emphasizing the problem of how to tame the technological development. Borgmann further elaborates, ‘‘Philosophers point out the liabilities, what happens when technology moves beyond lifting genuine burdens and starts freeing us from burdens that we should not want to be rid of.’’ Technological mediation is precisely this capacity of technology: technologies can mediate between humans and reality, by establishing specific relations between both. This phenomenon of technological mediation has two dimensions, each of them pertaining to one aspect of the relations between humans and reality. [Verbeek paper Persuasive Technology and Moral Responsibility Toward an ethical framework for persuasive technologies addresses the ethical aspects of persuasive technologies. By integrating the concept of ‘persuasive technology’ with the concept of ‘technological mediation’, as developed in theoretical frameworks from the field of persuasive technology and from the philosophy of technology, it will be possible to identify three such points of application. Cf. Verbeek (2010)] (Fig. 1). Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) is concerned with the design, implementation and evaluation of interactive computer-based systems, as well as with the multi-disciplinary study of various issues affecting this interaction. The aim of HCI is to ensure the safety, utility, effectiveness, efficiency, accessibility, and usability of such systems. In recent years, HCI has attracted considerable attention by the academic and research communities, as well as by the Information Society Technologies industry. The ongoing paradigm shift towards a knowledge-intensive Information Society has brought about radical changes in the way people work and interact with each other and with information. Computer-mediated human activities undergo fundamental changes, and new ones appear continuously, as new, intelligent, distributed, and highly interactive technological environments emerge, making available concurrent access to heterogeneous information sources and interpersonal communication. The progressive fusion of existing and emerging technologies is transforming the computer from a specialist’s device into an information appliance. This dynamic evolution is characterized by several dimensions of diversity that are intrinsic to the Information Society. These become evident when considering the broad range of user characteristics, the changing nature of human activities, the variety of contexts of use, the increasing availability and diversification of information, knowledge sources, and services, the proliferation of diverse technological platforms, etc. HCI plays a critical role in the context of the emerging Information Society, as citizens experience technology through their contact with the user interfaces of interactive products, applications, and A. K. Tripathi (&) Department of Philosophy of Technology, Institute for Philosophy, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany e-mail: arun.tripathi@waoe.org

Toward a comprehensive hospital noise reduction research program

Over the last few years there has been a growing interest in the control of hospital noise. This is prompted by a number of drivers: the recognition that hospital noise is a top complaint of patients, staff, and visitors; the move to a digital hospital and the impediment of speech recognition in very noisy environments; the implications of HIPAA and speech privacy on hospitals; and concerns about safety when communication is compromised by noise. Although there are now a number of studies of various issues associated with hospital noise, each views only a small piece of the very complicated problem. This presentation outlines a comprehensive noise research program designed to link acoustical measures with noise interventions and with staff and patient outcomes. Only through such an approach will it be possible to answer important questions such as which noise interventions are most effective and what hospital design strategies are most effective in terms of noise mitigation.

ON THE APPLICATIONS OF CHANGE BLINDNESS

An overview is presented of the ways that change blindness has been applied to the study of various issues in perception and cognition. Topics include mechanisms of change perception, allocation of attention, nonconscious perception, and cognitive beliefs. Recent work using change blindness to investigate these topics is surveyed, along with a brief discussion of some of the ways that these approaches may further develop over the next few years.

The predictive value of the erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ESR) in rheumatic polyarthritis

Interest in the study of acute articular rheumatism has increased enormously in recent years. As a more detailed study of various issues related to acute rheumatism, we are faced with certain questions of a purely practical nature, which have not yet received their final resolution, for example, when a patient who has suffered acute articular rheumatism can be considered quite able to work.