Translation Studies Research Articles

Exploring linguistic and cultural barriers in literary translation: an analysis of undergraduate students' strategies and challenges in translating Albanian texts into English

Purpose: Investigate the challenges undergraduate students face when translating Albanian literary texts into English, focusing on the cultural and linguistic considerations that impact the translation process and the concept of translation loss. Methodology: Qualitative analysis of the translation methods used by non-English-speaking students, examining the types of cultural loss, challenges, and solutions encountered. Data were collected by studying translated excerpts from the Albanian literary work "Prilli i Thyer" (Broken April), with attention to the strategies employed by students to address translation challenges. Findings: Students predominantly used literal translation, resulting in implicit, modified, and complete cultural losses. Key challenges included translating Albanian cultural words, idiomatic expressions, and grammatical differences. Despite these challenges, students demonstrated proficiency and versatility in literary translation, employing strategies such as adaptation, direct translation, borrowing, and omission. Implications: The findings highlight the need for enhanced cultural competence and linguistic skills in translation education. Recommendations include using Albanian-Albanian dictionaries and a deeper engagement with Albanian culture to improve translation accuracy and reduce cultural loss. Recommendations: Students should be encouraged to develop a comprehensive understanding of the source culture and to utilize creative translation solutions. Peer collaboration and feedback are also recommended to refine translation skills and strategies. Conclusion: This research contributes to the field of translation studies by shedding light on the intricacies of translating Albanian literature into English. It underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity and linguistic proficiency in producing accurate and culturally resonant translations, ultimately fostering a more interconnected and diverse literary world

Multi-scale hierarchical brain regions detect individual and interspecies variations of structural connectivity in macaque monkeys and humans

Macaques are representative animal models in translational research. However, the distinct shape and location of the brain regions between macaques and humans prevents us from comparing the brain structure directly. Here, we calculated structural connectivity (SC) with multi-scale hierarchical regions of interest (ROIs) to parcel out human and macaque brain into 8 (level 1 ROIs), 28 (level 2 ROIs), or 46 (level 3 ROIs) regions, which consist of anatomically and functionally defined level 4 ROIs (around 100 parcellation of the brain). The SC with the level 1 ROIs showed lower individual and interspecies variation in macaques and humans. SC with level 2 and 3 ROIs shows that the several regions in frontal, temporal and parietal lobe show distinct connectivity between macaques and humans. Lateral frontal cortex, motor cortex and auditory cortex were shown to be important areas for interspecies differences. These results provide insights to use macaques as animal models for translational study.

Machine Learning-Based Detection of Bladder Cancer by Urine cfDNA Fragmentation Hotspots that Capture Cancer-Associated Molecular Features.

cfDNA fragmentomics-based liquid biopsy is a potential option for noninvasive bladder cancer (BLCA) detection that remains an unmet clinical need. We assessed the diagnostic performance of cfDNA hotspot-driven machine-learning models in a cohort of 55 BLCA patients, 51 subjects with benign conditions, and 11 healthy volunteers. We further performed functional bioinformatics analysis for biological understanding and interpretation of the tool's diagnostic capability. Urinary cfDNA hotspots-based machine-learning model enabled effective BLCA detection, achieving high performance (area under curve 0.96) and an 87% sensitivity at 100% specificity. It outperformed models using other cfDNA-derived features. In stage-stratified analysis, the sensitivity at 100% specificity of the urine hotspots-based model was 71% and 92% for early (low-grade Ta and T1) and advanced (high-grade T1 and muscle-invasive) disease, respectively. Biologically, cfDNA hotspots effectively retrieved regulatory elements and were correlated with the cell of origin. Urine cfDNA hotspots specifically captured BLCA-related molecular features, including key functional pathways, chromosome loci associated with BLCA risk as identified in genome-wide association studies, or presenting frequent somatic alterations in BLCA tumors, and the transcription factor regulatory landscape. Our findings support the applicability of urine cfDNA fragmentation hotspots for noninvasive BLCA diagnosis, as well as for future translational study regarding its molecular pathology and heterogeneity.

A Study of Chinese Translation of The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language from the Perspective of Grammatical Metaphor

In Systemic Functional Linguistics, grammatical metaphor is categorized into ideational and interpersonal types. Translation, as a process of code-switching, involves choosing between congruent and metaphorical forms, each serving different communicative purposes. Distinguishing these forms clarifies their distinct functions. This paper explores the use and importance of grammatical metaphors in translating The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language based on the author’s independent translation practice. Given this, the study achieves three objectives through quantitative and qualitative analysis: (1) examining the distribution of grammatical metaphors in the translation of The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language; (2) exploring the reasons behind their emergence; and (3) analyzing the role these metaphors play in the translation. Translation strategies were classified into two types based on the retention of grammatical metaphors: congruent translation, which simplifies the text and reduces metaphors, and metaphorical translation, which sustains a formal, academic, and concise style. The study reveals that the same translation techniques can be applied across various word, sentence, and text types, with different contexts requiring different methods even for identical grammatical and semantic units. Regardless of whether metaphors are retained, it is essential to ensure faithfulness, fluency, and aesthetics of the translation. Translators should avoid rigid application and decide on metaphor preservation based on the specific context and text type to best convey the original meaning.

Transplacental Transfer of Oxytocin and Its Impact on Neonatal Cord Blood and In Vitro Retinal Cell Activity.

The development of fetal organs can be impacted by systemic changes in maternal circulation, with the placenta playing a pivotal role in maintaining pregnancy homeostasis and nutrient exchange. In clinical obstetrics, oxytocin (OXT) is commonly used to induce labor. To explore the potential role of OXT in the placental homeostasis of OXT, we compared OXT levels in neonatal cord blood among neonates (23-42 weeks gestation) whose mothers either received prenatal OXT or experienced spontaneous labor. Our previous research revealed that the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), essential in forming the blood-retina barrier, is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We hypothesized that perinatal OXT administration might influence the development of the neural retina and its vasculature, offering therapeutic potential for retinal diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Plasma OXT levels were measured using a commercial OXT ELISA kit. Human fetal RPE (hfRPE) cells treated with OXT (10 µM) were assessed for gene expression via RNA sequencing, revealing 14 downregulated and 32 upregulated genes. To validate these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), hfRPE cells were exposed to OXT (0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 µM) for 12 h, followed by RNA analysis via real-time PCR. Functional, enrichment, and network analyses (Gene Ontology term, FunRich, Cytoscape) were performed to predict the affected pathways. This translational study suggests that OXT likely crosses the placenta, altering fetal OXT concentrations. RNA sequencing identified 46 DEGs involved in vital metabolic and signaling pathways and critical cellular components. Our results indicate that the perinatal administration of OXT may affect neural retina and retinal vessel development, making OXT a potential therapeutic option for developmental eye diseases, including ROP.

Aging-dependent loss of functional connectivity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and reversal by mGluR5 modulator.

Amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with synaptic damage and altered connectivity in brain networks. While measures of amyloid accumulation and biochemical changes in mouse models have utility for translational studies of certain therapeutics, preclinical analysis of altered brain connectivity using clinically relevant fMRI measures has not been well developed for agents intended to improve neural networks. Here, we conduct a longitudinal study in a double knock-in mouse model for AD (AppNL-G-F/hMapt), monitoring brain connectivity by means of resting-state fMRI. While the 4-month-old AD mice are indistinguishable from wild-type controls (WT), decreased connectivity in the default-mode network is significant for the AD mice relative to WT mice by 6 months of age and is pronounced by 9 months of age. In a second cohort of 20-month-old mice with persistent functional connectivity deficits for AD relative to WT, we assess the impact of two-months of oral treatment with a silent allosteric modulator of mGluR5 (BMS-984923/ALX001) known to rescue synaptic density. Functional connectivity deficits in the aged AD mice are reversed by the mGluR5-directed treatment. The longitudinal application of fMRI has enabled us to define the preclinical time trajectory of AD-related changes in functional connectivity, and to demonstrate a translatable metric for monitoring disease emergence, progression, and response to synapse-rescuing treatment.

Linguodidactic and interdisciplinary analysis of the concept of mediation as a terminological problem

Importance. CEFR Companion Volume 2018 pays special attention to the development of four modes of communication (including mediation) along with the formation of communicative competence. The purpose of this research is to conduct an interdisciplinary analysis of the term “mediation” as well as to clarify this term in the Russian language.Materials and Methods. Research methods include analysis and interpretation of literature. The research materials are literature review of foreign and Russian scientists in the field of jurisprudence and law, philosophy, philosophy of religion, social philosophy, sociology, management, psychology, reflexive psychology, cultural-historical psychology, conflictology, linguistics, pedagogy, translation and translation studies, as well as linguodidactics.Result and Discussion. The concept of “mediation” is analyzed in various fields. The terminology in Russian for three types of mediation activities is clarified according to the CEFR Companion Volume 2018.Conclusion. In most scientific fields, mediation is viewed as a procedure involving three parties: two parties in conflict and one party acting as a neutral intermediary (mediator). However, in methodology of teaching foreign languages, the emphasis shifts to the fact that any student while developing his/her communicative competence, mastering four modes of communication, including mediation, can independently act as a mediator with any interlocutor or group of interlocutors.

P3.03I.14 Osalmid Inhibits the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Sensitizes It to EGFR-TKIs: A Preclinical and Translational Study

P3.03I.14 Osalmid Inhibits the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Sensitizes It to EGFR-TKIs: A Preclinical and Translational Study

Different gene expression patterns between mouse and human brain pericytes revealed by single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing

AimsPericytes in the brain play important roles for microvascular physiology and pathology and are affected in neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Mouse models are often utilized for pathophysiology studies of the role of pericytes in disease; however, the translatability is unclear as brain pericytes from mouse and human have not been systematically compared. In this study, we investigate the similarities and differences of brain pericyte gene expression between mouse and human. Our analysis provides a comprehensive resource for translational studies of brain pericytes. MethodsWe integrated and compared four mouse and human adult brain pericyte single-cell/nucleus RNA-sequencing datasets derived using two single-cell RNA sequencing platforms: Smart-seq and 10×. Gene expression abundance and specificity were analyzed. Pericyte-specific/enriched genes were assigned by comparison with endothelial cells present in the same datasets, and mouse and human pericyte transcriptomes were subsequently compared to identify species-specific genes. ResultsAn overall concordance between pericyte transcriptomes was found in both Smart-seq and 10× data. 206 orthologous genes were consistently differentially expressed between human and mouse from both platforms, 91 genes were specific/up-regulated in human and 115 in mouse. Gene ontology analysis revealed differences in transporter categories in mouse and human brain pericytes. Importantly, several genes implicated in human disease were expressed in human but not in mouse brain pericytes, including SLC6A1, CACNA2D3, and SLC20A2. ConclusionsThis study provides a systematic illustration of the similarities and differences between mouse and human adult brain pericytes.

Positron emission tomography neuroimaging of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and related behavior in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition affecting multiple sensorimotor and cognitive systems. The Pink1-/- rat model exhibits vocal, cognitive, and limb use deficits seen in idiopathic PD. We sought to measure glucose metabolism in brain regions in Pink1-/- and wild type (WT) rats, and to associate these to measures of ultrasonic vocalization, cognition, and limb use behavior. Pink1-/- (n = 12) and WT (n = 14) rats were imaged by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in a repeated measures design at approximately 10 months of age and 6 weeks later. Relative regional glucose metabolism was indexed by whole brain normalized FDG uptake, which was calculated for 18 regions identified a priori for comparison. Behavioral measures included tests of communication via ultrasonic vocalization, cognition with 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Test (5-CSRTT), and limb use with Cylinder Test and Challenge Beam. Relative glucose metabolism was significantly different in Pink1-/- rats in prelimbic area, striatum, nucleus ambiguus, globus pallidus, and posterior parietal association cortex compared to WT controls. For behavioral measures, Pink1-/- rats demonstrated quieter vocalizations with a restricted frequency range, and they showed increased number of foot-faults and hindlimb steps (shuffling) in limb motor tests. Significant behavior vs. brain correlations included associations of ultrasonic vocalization parameters with glucose metabolism indices in locus coeruleus and substantia nigra. FDG PET reveals abnormalities in relative regional brain glucose metabolism in Pink1-/- rats in brain regions that are important to cognition, vocalization, and limb motor control that are also impacted by Parkinson disease. This method may be useful for mechanistic studies of behavioral deficits and therapeutic interventions in translational studies in the Pink1-/- PD model.

Tissue-resident T cells in Clinical Response and Immune-related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Blockade.

T cell surveillance of tissues is spatially organized: circulating memory T cells perform surveillance of secondary lymphoid organs while tissue-resident memory T cells act as sentinels in barrier tissues. In the context of infection, tissue-resident memory T cells survive long term in barrier tissues and are poised to respond to re-encounter of infectious agents. The activity of such tissue-resident T cells is regulated by the PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitory receptors targeted by cancer immunotherapies. This review investigates the hypothesis that T cells with a tissue residency program play an important role in both protective anti-tumor immunity and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). A series of translational studies have demonstrated that a higher density of tissue-resident T cells within tumors is associated with favorable survival outcomes in a diverse range of cancer types. Tissue-resident T cells have also been implicated in clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade, and dynamic tracking of T cell populations in pre- and on-treatment tumor samples demonstrated that T cells with a tissue residency program responded early to ICB. Investigation of colitis and dermatitis as examples of irAEs demonstrated that tissue-resident memory T cells were reactivated at these epithelial sites, resulting in a highly cytotoxic state and secretion of inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNFα. It will therefore be important to consider how a tissue residency program can be enhanced to promote T cell-mediated tumor immunity while preventing the development of irAEs.

Biocompatibility and Bone Regeneration by Shape Memory Polymer Scaffolds.

Biodegradable, shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) offer unique advantages as a regenerative treatment strategy for critical-sized bone defects. In particular, a conformal fit may be achieved following exposure to warm saline, thereby improving osseointegration and regeneration. Advancing the clinical translation of these SMP scaffolds requires establishment of efficacy not only in non-loading models, but also load-bearing or load-sharing models. Thus, the present study evaluated the biocompatibility and bone regeneration potential of SMP scaffolds in a rabbit distal femoral condyle model. Two distinct SMP scaffold compositions were evaluated, a "PCL-only" scaffold formed from PCL-diacrylate (PCL-DA) and a semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) formed from PCL-DA and poly(L-lactic acid) (PCL:PLLA). Semi-IPN PCL:PLLA scaffolds possess greater rigidity and faster rates of degradation versus PCL scaffolds. In vivo biocompatibility was assessed with a rat subcutaneous implantation model, whereas osseointegration was assessed with a 4 mm × 8 mm rabbit distal femoral condyle defect model. Both types of SMP scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility marked by infiltration with fibrous tissue and a minimal inflammatory response. When implanted in the rabbit distal femur, both SMP scaffolds supported bone ingrowth. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the SMP scaffolds are biocompatible and integrate with adjacent host osseous tissues when implanted in vivo in a load-sharing environment. This study provides key proof-of-concept data necessary to proceed with large animal translational studies and clinical trials in human subjects.

Developing Robust Probiotic Consortia: A Methodological Optimization Approach.

Developing effective probiotic consortia requires a comprehensive understanding of strain interactions. While traditional methods focus on direct interactions of the participating microbes, the role of microbial metabolites remains largely unexplored. Present study introduces a novel approach of evaluating the impact of strains as well as their secondary metabolites on compatibility during co-culture by assessing the antagonistic and synergistic attributes for multi-strain probiotic formulation. Assessment of antagonistic activity by spot method indicated suppressive nature of PIG1FD and PIG1IR on other strain's growth, hence not appropriate for consortia formulation. Findings of synergistic attribute demonstrated growth promoting role of cell supernatants from isolates PIG6IR and PIG5CI significantly, as it accelerated the entry of all other isolates into the log phase by 5-6h and 0-2h, respectively. By employing this methodology, we identified PIG5CI and PIG6IR (isolates identified as Bacillus spizizenii BAB 7915 and Bacillus subtilis BAB 7918 by 16S RNA sequencing method) as promising candidates for consortium formation due to their ability to enhance the growth of other strains through metabolite production. By attempting to elucidate the microbial interactions and metabolite-mediated effects, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of probiotic consortia dynamics and offers valuable insights for future translational studies.

Extending the Borders of Translation and Translation Studies: Cultural Translation as a Portal

The essay explores the evolving conceptualisation of translation, moving from a traditional focus on linguistic aspects to an expansive cultural and metaphorical approach. It analyses how this shift challenges and redefines the boundaries of translation studies. The essay specifically underscores the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of cultural translation, showcasing its possible role as a nexus among diverse academic fields such as linguistics, sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies. It advocates that cultural translation c an serve as a crucial tool not only for deciphering intricate intercultural dynamics and exchanges but also for expor ting theories and insights from translation studies to other disciplines. In this way, cultural translation emerges as a liminal interdisciplinary portal, which reciprocally broadens and amplifies the scope and impact of translation studies. That is, while the co nceptual robustness of cultural translation enriches the field of translation studies, the insights and theories nurtured within this field can be propagated to adjacent disciplines via the intermediary of cultural translation.

Transcriptional changes of genes encoding sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium binding and up-taking proteins in normal and Duchenne muscular dystrophy dogs

BackgroundCytosolic calcium overload contributes to muscle degradation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is the primary calcium storage organelle in muscle. The sarco-endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (SERCA) pumps cytosolic calcium to the SR during muscle relaxation. Calcium is kept in the SR by calcium-binding proteins.MethodsGiven the importance of the canine DMD model in translational studies, we examined transcriptional changes of SERCA (SERCA1 and SERCA2a), SERCA regulators (phospholamban, sarcolipin, myoregulin, and dwarf open reading frame), and SR calcium-binding proteins (calreticulin, calsequestrin 1, calsequestrin 2, and sarcalumenin) in skeletal muscle (diaphragm and extensor carpi ulnaris) and heart (left ventricle) in normal and affected male dogs by droplet digital PCR before the onset (≤ 2-m-old), at the active stage (8 to 16-m-old), and at the terminal stage (30 to 50-m-old) of the disease. Since many of these proteins are expressed in a fiber type-specific manner, we also evaluated fiber type composition in skeletal muscle.ResultsIn affected dog skeletal muscle, SERCA and its regulators were down-regulated at the active stage, but calcium-binding proteins (except for calsequestrin 1) were upregulated at the terminal stage. Surprisingly, nominal differences were detected in the heart. We also examined whether there exists sex-biased expression in 8 to 16-m-old dogs. Multiple transcripts were significantly downregulated in the heart and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle of female dogs. In fiber type analysis, we found significantly more type I fiber in the diaphragm of 8 to 16-m-old affected dogs, and significantly more type II fibers in the extensor carpi ulnaris of 30 to 50-m-old affected dogs. However, no difference was detected between male and female dogs.ConclusionsOur study adds new knowledge to the understanding of muscle calcium regulation in normal and dystrophic canines.

A REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF THE TRANSLATION OF EDGAR ALLAN POE’S WORKS INTO THE FRENCH LANGUAGE IN THE XIX CENTURY

The literary legacy of Edgar Allan Poe transcends borders, captivating readers worldwide with his haunting tales of mystery, macabre, and psychological depth. Among the numerous languages into which Poe’s works have been translated, the French language occupies a prominent place, reflecting the enduring fascination of French readers with his oeuvre. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the history of French translations of Poe’s works made in the 19th century and the special passion French artists had for the American writer. Through a meticulous overview of archival materials, literary criticism, and translation studies, this research illuminates the evolution of French translations of Poe’s writings, shedding light on the cultural, linguistic, and editorial factors that have shaped their reception in France. It explores the pivotal role played by translators, such as Charles Baudelaire and Stephan Mallarmé, in introducing Poe to the French literary scene and examines the strategies employed to render his unique style and thematic preoccupations into French. In analyzing the translations, we have drawn on some archival material from the French press, literary criticism, and a body of existing research on the subject. This study considers the ways in which French translators have interpreted and reinterpreted Poe’s works in light of changing literary and cultural sensibilities. By tracing the trajectory of French translations of Poe’s works, this paper not only contributes to our understanding of the reception of one of America’s foremost literary figures in France but also offers insights into the dynamics of literary translation and cultural exchange. It underscores the enduring relevance and adaptability of Poe’s writings across linguistic and cultural boundaries, highlighting the ways in which they continue to resonate with readers in France and beyond.

Nose-to-brain delivery of stem cells in stroke: the role of extracellular vesicles.

Stem cell transplantation offers a promising therapy that can be administered days, weeks, or months after a stroke. We recognize 2 major mitigating factors that remain unresolved in cell therapy for stroke, notably: (1) well-defined donor stem cells and (2) mechanism of action. To this end, we advance the use of ProtheraCytes, a population of non-adherent CD34+ cells derived from human peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, which have been processed under good manufacturing practice, with testing completed in a phase 2 clinical trial in post-acute myocardial infarction (NCT02669810). We also reveal a novel mechanism whereby ProtheraCytes secrete growth factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are associated with angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Our recent data revealed that intranasal transplantation of ProtheraCytes at 3 days after experimentally induced stroke in adult rats reduced stroke-induced behavioral deficits and histological damage up to 28 days post-stroke. Moreover, we detected upregulation of human CD63+ EVs in the ischemic brains of stroke animals that were transplanted with ProtheraCytes, which correlated with increased levels of DCX-labeled neurogenesis and VEGFR1-associated angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, as well as reduced Iba1-marked inflammation. Altogether, these findings overcome key laboratory-to-clinic translational hurdles, namely the identification of well-characterized, clinical grade ProtheraCytes and the elucidation of a potential CD63+ EV-mediated regenerative mechanism of action. We envision that additional translational studies will guide the development of clinical trials for intranasal ProtheraCytes allografts in stroke patients, with CD63 serving as a critical biomarker.

LINGUOCOGNITIVE AND LINGUOCULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PROCESSES OF TERMINOLOGIZATION IN MODERN KAZAKH AND TURKISH LANGUAGES

The intensification of the activity of the Kazakh language in accordance with its state status in all spheres of society, the renewal of its potential strengthened the connection of the language with the form of linguistic consumption, began to influence the requirements of everyday practice. This is evident from the active process of terminology creation in the social, economic, political, scientific and technical spheres. In addition, the core of the neonominational process, which created the interrelationships of language~ society, language~consciousness, language ~ culture, etc., is not only scientific and informational, but also cultural and social content. This is the basis for improving not only the quantitative, but also the qualitative level of modern language development. Therefore, the recognition of the influence of language and culture on each other in the form of new terms and the function of language as a unique means of transmitting culture within the framework of cultural representation is especially relevant. Based on this, new names and terms in the Kazakh language, which also serve as a unique feature of the cognitive level of language users, are considered in the article as a “linguistic picture of the world” in accordance with the process of updating the language. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to compare and characterize the linguocognitive and linguocultural foundations of terminologization processes in modern Kazakh and Turkish languages. The following methods were used in the course of the study: descriptive, comparative, cognitive, ethnolinguistic and conceptual. Also, to determine the cultural and national component structured in the mind of a native speaker in a terminologized word, diachronic, contrasting, definitive were used, and discursive analysis, connotative approach, and motivation methods were used to recognize the process of terminologization. The value of the research: by describing and showing the linguocognitive and linguocultural foundations of terminologization processes in modern Kazakh and Turkish languages, we contribute to the improvement and strengthening of the “Turkic world”. The linguistic data and conclusions presented in the article can be used as practical and theoretical material for research by students, undergraduates, doctoral students and young people studying at the faculties of Philology, Translation Studies, Oriental Studies and Turkology.

Comparative Study on Aesthetic Representation in the Translations of The Peach Blossom Fan (Excerpt) from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics: With Xu Yuanchong s and Stephen Owen s Translations as Case Studies

From the perspective of translation aesthetics, this paper compares the differences in aesthetic representation between the translations of The Peach Blossom Fan (excerpt) by Stephen Owen and Xu Yuanchong so as to provide constructive insights to the study of the English translation of the drama. The findings indicate the disparities between these two translations in dealing with language forms and also reveal Owen s and Xu s different interpretations of the imagery and emotions.

Glutamate concentration of medial prefrontal cortex is inversely associated with addictive behaviors: a translational study

In both preclinical and clinical settings, dysregulated frontostriatal circuits have been identified as the underlying neural substrates of compulsive seeking/taking behaviors manifested in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions including internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the neurochemical substrates for these disorders remain elusive. The lack of comprehensive cognitive assessments in animal models has hampered our understanding of neural plasticity in addiction from these models. In this study, combining data from a rat model of compulsive taking/seeking and human participants with various levels of IGD severity, we investigated the relationship between regional glutamate (Glu) concentration and addictive behaviors. We found that Glu levels were significantly lower in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) of rats after 20-days of methamphetamine self-administration (SA), compared to controls. Glu concentration after a punishment phase negatively correlated with acute drug-seeking behavior. In addition, changes in Glu levels from a drug naïve state to compulsive drug taking patterns negatively correlated with drug-seeking during both acute and prolonged abstinence. The human data revealed a significant negative correlation between Glu concentration in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the human PrL counterpart, and symptoms of IGD. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between Glu levels in the dACC and self-control, as well as mindful awareness. Further analysis revealed that the dACC Glu concentration mediated the relationship between self-control/mindful awareness and IGD symptoms. These results provide convergent evidence for a protective role of dACC/PrL in addiction, suggesting interventions to enhance dACC glutamatergic functions as a potential strategy for addiction prevention and treatment.