Study Of Human Behavior Research Articles

ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR OF UKRAINIANS DURING THE WAR: SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of the research on economic behavior in periods of socio-economic transformations and the empirical data on its peculiarities gathered during 2021–2022. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the concept of economic behavior, to determine the features of such behavior in transforming societies, to analyze the results of research on the peculiarities of the economic behavior of citizens of Ukraine for the last year: the dynamics from the summer of 2021 to the fall of 2022, as well as the changes that have occurred since the beginning of the active phase of the war (Spring of 2022). The theoretical analysis has showed that the economic behavior of the individual is embodied in certain typical models that are related to the types of activities, focusing on the possible real behavior of people in life: means-end-rational, value-rational, affective, traditional. Transformational behavior is associated with goals, motives and means of its implementation, according to which achievement strategies are distinguished; adaptation strategies; regressive strategies; disruptive strategies. Studies of human economic behavior are mainly devoted to motivation, trust, social norms, consistency and commitment. According to the empirical findings (2021–2022), Ukrainians in general have a proactive attitude in life, are ready to actively look for work, want to live no worse than others, but are less confident in their ability to influence incomes during the war. They experienced a reduction in wages, but they are understanding about it. Ukrainians are ready to learn new things, change professions and engage in entrepreneurship. Among the strategies of consumer behavior, more respondents are oriented towards the hedonistic strategy, fewer towards the rational and traditional ones, and even fewer to the strategy of saving.

Unethical Internet Behaviour among Students in High Education Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review

The modern internet era has several advantages and disadvantages, including the advent of immoral Internet conduct in addition to better, quicker, and increased working capacity in less time. Even though the area of study on unethical Internet activity has advanced, systematic literature reviews from a comprehensive perspective on unethical Internet behaviour among university students are still lacking. As a result, this systematic literature will provide theoretical foundation that address the following research questions: RQ1-How are unethical Internet behaviours among university students classified; RQ2-What are the various theoretical lenses that are used in unethical Internet behaviour research; RQ3-What demographic and risk factors are involved in unethical Internet behaviour research; and RQ4-What are the challenges and research opportunities for unethical Internet behaviour research within university settings? To respond to a formulated set of research questions, a total of 64 publications that were published between 2010 and 2020 underwent a systematic review. The study illustrates how university students’ unethical Internet activity is categorised. This study offers a comprehensive grasp of the factors that affect unethical Internet behaviour and an overview of the theories that have been utilised to explain and forecast unethical Internet behaviours in this sector. This study discusses literature gaps for future research to contribute to human ethical behavioural studies.

“Comparative Political Theory” and the Displacement of Politics

Over the course of the past few decades, comparative political theory has acquired a measure of institutional legitimacy and intellectual recognition as part of the ongoing, interdisciplinary challenge to prevailing academic categories, coordinates, and borders. This arrival has been accompanied by a conspicuous focus on methodology both by those who claim the mantle of comparative political theory and those who reject it. The following reflections read this focus symptomatically, as revealing intellectual, institutional, and professional exigencies rather than as distinct to any particular scholar, argument, or publication. Neither a “state of the field” nor a proprietary defense of what comparative political theory is or should be, these observations toggle back and forth between reflections on my own engagement and disengagement with the topic of comparative political theory on the one hand and, on the other, concerns about how this preoccupation with method simultaneously expresses and exacerbates the displacement of politics in the very field that aims to understand it. Among the questions I raise are: What might be driving this disproportionate focus on methodological arguments in and about comparative political theory? What are the stakes of such a focus, particularly for younger scholars in political science departments decreasingly hospitable to political theory? Finally, what does this augur for the future of the study of politics broadly understood within disciplines dedicated to the scientific study of human behavior?

Советская политологическая традиция в университетах: о политике и политической науке в работах А.М. Ковалёва

In the contemporary history of Russian political science, there is a common view that the formation of the Soviet political scientific tradition and Russian political science occurs in the late 1980s - early 1990s. That was the time when Russian political science began to gain its subjectivity, borrowing its tools and agenda from the West: from an understanding of “politics” and “power” to the fashion to research some popular issues as democratization and modernization. One of the objectives of this article is to present an alternative point of view and draw some attention not only to the duration of the history of the Soviet political scientific tradition but also to the developments of domestic authors, demonstrating their intellectual connection with foreign colleagues even in conditions of ideological isolation. The literature review shows that the issue of the Soviet political scientific tradition developing, especially in universities, is given quite a little attention, especially against the background of the study of the institutional and organizational development of Soviet political science in academic institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and, later, political science in Russian universities and analytical centers. The authors draw attention to this issue, following the formation of the Soviet political science tradition in universities with examples from the works of Professor of Moscow University Alexander Kovalev, considering his ideas on politics in the context of world political theory development, its history, and modern approaches. The intellectual legacy of Kovalev demonstrates the importance of such addressing to local subjects of the history of political science of Russia, where the gap between the Soviet and foreign research agenda is not as large as is generally believed. The Soviet political science tradition, including its university branch, reveals its connection with world research in many aspects related to raising the question of politics and the political, in studies of the functions and tasks of politics and political theory, in attention to human nature. The special emphasis on the regulatory and clarifying nature of the political, as shown in the article, brings the positions of Kovalev closer to the positions of modern constructivism and phenomenology in the sociology of knowledge, to the positions of institutionalism, which emphasizes the problem of uncertainty of political behavior. Today we see interest in such phenomena in sociocultural studies of human behavior and values that have a significant impact on public administration. However, it is also important to study how these research interests have historically developed, including within the framework of Soviet political science.

The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Art Design in the Digital Age

With the advancement of technology represented by artificial intelligence, art creation is becoming increasingly rich, and content expression is intelligent, interactive, and data-driven, making the relationship between technology, art, and people increasingly close and bringing opportunities for the development of emerging interaction. Artificial intelligence technologies aim to perfectly replicate the human mind by enabling natural responses based on the surrounding environment, decoding emotions, and recognizing human traits within the energy range. Driven by AI technology, interactive art no longer focuses on a single audiovisual sensory experience but rather on integrated artistic expressions that are highly interactive, kinetic, and emotional, based on the study of natural human behavior and integrated senses, combined with intelligence. In this paper, we first sort out the intersection of AI technology development and interactive art expression streams on the timeline based on historical development and analyze the deconstructive relationship between the two from the macroperspective of the historical development of technology and art. First, based on the conceptual connotation, development history, technical application, and singularity outlook of AI, we identify the current characteristics and development trends of interactive art; second, based on exploring the advantages of AI technology, we propose the impact of AI on the creative thinking, creative mode, and artistic experience of interactive art and establish the paradigm of interactive art creation in the context of AI. It solves the problem that experts are unable to quickly locate the category of painters when facing different styles of unsigned digital Chinese painting images in the authenticity identification task.

Systematic Map of Human-Raptor Interaction and Coexistence Research.

Simple SummaryRaptors are affected by interactions with humans, primarily in the form of persecution and habitat disturbance. Here, we quantify and characterize empirical literature on human–raptor interactions, inclusive of sociocultural, ecological, natural history, and conservation perspectives. We focus on species, geography, and human-caused mortality to understand the scope of research and directions for future raptor conservation research. Although raptor conservation is intrinsically the study of human behavior and social systems, we found ecological research that focuses on the effects humans have on raptors encompasses the majority of human–raptor interaction research. We stress the need to focus on the causes of human–raptor interactions and suggest that the combination of social, ecological, and management-relevant approaches is best to examine problems and identify solutions.Global raptor conservation relies on humans to establish and improve interaction and coexistence. Human–wildlife interaction research is well-established, but tends to focus on large-bodied, terrestrial mammals. The scope and characteristics of research that explores human–raptor interactions are relatively unknown. As an initial step toward quantifying and characterizing the state of applied, cross-disciplinary literature on human–raptor interactions, we use established systematic map (scoping reviews) protocols to catalog literature and describe trends, identify gaps and biases, and critically reflect on the scope of research. We focus on the peer-reviewed (refereed) literature germane to human–raptor interaction, conflict, tolerance, acceptance, persecution and coexistence. Based on 383 papers retrieved that fit our criteria, we identified trends, biases, and gaps. These include a majority of research taking place within North America and Europe; disproportionately few interdisciplinary and social research studies; interactions focused on indirect anthropogenic mortality; and vague calls for human behavior changes, with few concrete steps suggested, when management objectives are discussed. Overall, we note a predominant focus on the study of ecological effects from human–raptor interactions rather than sociocultural causes, and suggest (as others have in various conservation contexts) the imperative of human behavioral, cultural, and political inquiry to conserve raptor species.

Recent Development of Flexible Tactile Sensors and Their Applications.

With the rapid development of society in recent decades, the wearable sensor has attracted attention for motion-based health care and artificial applications. However, there are still many limitations to applying them in real life, particularly the inconvenience that comes from their large size and non-flexible systems. To solve these problems, flexible small-sized sensors that use body motion as a stimulus are studied to directly collect more accurate and diverse signals. In particular, tactile sensors are applied directly on the skin and provide input signals of motion change for the flexible reading device. This review provides information about different types of tactile sensors and their working mechanisms that are piezoresistive, piezocapacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric. Moreover, this review presents not only the applications of the tactile sensor in motion sensing and health care monitoring, but also their contributions in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years. Other applications, such as human behavior studies, are also suggested.

Pets and people: information experience of multispecies families

PurposeThis paper introduces more-than-human perspective in information behaviour and information experience studies. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to understandings of the concept of multispecies families by exploring their significant dimensions related to information phenomena involving multiple contexts, situations, spaces, actors, species, and activities.Design/methodology/approachBased on previous research in human information behaviour and human-animal studies, our ideas around information experience of multispecies families are developed conceptually. The paper builds both on previous empirical findings about human information behaviour and the new domain of information experience.FindingsThe paper proposes a holistic approach both to information phenomena in everyday living with companion animals including embodied, affective, cognitive, social, digital, and objectual information that shapes pet care and management practices, and to the context of study, including work, domestic, and leisure aspects of multispecies family.Originality/valueThis study broadens our understanding of information phenomena in multispecies families, and so contributes to the field of information experience. It also provides insights for animal welfare scientists to help them understand the information behaviour of humans who are responsible for keeping and caring for animals.

Real‐world multimodal lifelog dataset for human behavior study

To understand the multilateral characteristics of human behavior and physiological markers related to physical, emotional, and environmental states, extensive lifelog data collection in a real-world environment is essential. Here, we propose a data collection method using multimodal mobile sensing and present a long-term dataset from 22 subjects and 616 days of experimental sessions. The dataset contains over 10 000 hours of data, including physiological, data such as photoplethysmography, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature in addition to the multivariate behavioral data. Furthermore, it consists of 10 372 user labels with emotional states and 590 days of sleep quality data. To demonstrate feasibility, human activity recognition was applied on the sensor data using a convolutional neural network-based deep learning model with 92.78% recognition accuracy. From the activity recognition result, we extracted the daily behavior pattern and discovered five representative models by applying spectral clustering. This demonstrates that the dataset contributed toward understanding human behavior using multimodal data accumulated throughout daily lives under natural conditions.

Infographic: Fifteen years of Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior

The Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior (BJMB) is a quadriannual, peer-reviewed, free of charge/fee and open-access journal published by the Brazilian Society of Motor Behavior (SOCIBRACOM). The BJMB has published original contributions within the multidisciplinary study of human motor behavior, in the broad scope of motor control, development and learning, movement disorders, sports, clinical, theoretical and model studies. Since 2019 the BJMBpublishes manuscripts only in English. In the same year, BJMB started to invite researchers to be guest editors in article collections, providing an excellent opportunity to promote high-quality contents within the field.
 The BJMB is the main motor behavior journal in the Latin American. It is widely recognized for its significant academic contribution and indexed in the UlrichsWeb Global Serial Directory, Diadorium, Gale Directory Library, Google Scholar, Road Directory of Open Access Scholary resources and Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico. The number of edition and papers has sustainable and significantly increased in the last years, with over 500 authors contributing with 121 manuscripts, distributed in 40 numbers. The time of peer-reviewed process is short (first revision- 26 days) and paper publication is quick (57 days).
 The BJMB was launched with its first edition published in December of 2006 and, thus, we are celebrating its 15thanniversary. For that, the BJMB launches a new type of manuscript: INFOGRAPHIC. This initiative aims to provide a quick, easy-to-use and enjoyable publication that conveys notable knowledge. Two types of infographics will be publishable: a) theory perspective: visual material to theory acknowledge to facilitate the understanding of models, theory frameworks, concepts, principles, and approaches in the field; b) article infographic: visual material about interventional effects on motor learning, development and control sustained by reviews and/or meta-analysis.
 The infographic section will be added to those already existing: research, systematic review and meta-analysis, mini review, scoping review, research notes, current opinion, critique, and tutorials. It is interesting to highlight the section about tutorial, which emphasizes and provides reflection on the use of one or several methods or self-instruction in motor behavior. Finally, the current opinion section publishes pieces of diverse authors around the world that provide perspectives on a hot, relevant, and perhaps controversial topic within the scope of BJMB.
 We would like to congratulate all for this important occasion and to wish that the BJMB continues publishing impactful and relevant contributions in the motor behavior field still for many years to come.

Evidence on the Relationship between Place Attachment and Behavioral Intentions between 2010 and 2021: A Systematic Literature Review

Place attachment is a key concept in understanding affective person–place relationships, and it provides an appropriate approach for the study of human behavior. This systematic literature review based on the PRISMA guidelines focuses on the relationships between place attachment and behavioral intentions. Due to the high number of studies that used place attachment as an independent or mediating variable, we categorized the studies into different research areas, which include business and management, risk and crisis, urban planning, environmental psychology, leisure, and hospitality and tourism. The results of the qualitative analysis revealed that most of the studies provided empirical evidence of a significant relationship between place attachment and willingness to pay, loyalty, risk coping behavior, land management practices, civic engagement, pro-environmental behaviors, and pro-tourism behaviors such as revisit and recommendation intentions. After we present our results and conclusion, we provide an outlook on the need for further research.

Subtle alterations of the physical environment can nudge young children to cheat less.

Cheating is a common human behavior but few studies have examined its emergence during early childhood. In three preregistered studies, a challenging math test was administered to 5- to 6-year-old children (total N=500; 255 girls). An answer key was present as children completed the test, but they were instructed to not peek at it. In Study 1, many children cheated, but manipulations that reduced the answer key's accessibility in terms of proximity and visibility led to less cheating. Two follow-up studies showed that the answer key's visibility played a more significant role than its proximity. These findings suggest that subtle and seemingly insignificant alterations of the physical environment can effectively nudge young children away from acting dishonestly.

ADAM-sense: Anxiety-displaying activities recognition by motion sensors

In the field of Human Activity Recognition (HAR), human activities are recognized based on sensors’ streaming data. HAR has been utilized widely in various fields of application where the studies of human behaviors are conducted such as healthcare, personal care, aged care, and several other domains. This approach can also be beneficial in the field of psychiatry where the patients suffer from mental, emotional, and behavioral disorder. According to American Psychiatric Association (APA), the most common form of mental disorder is Anxiety Disorder (AD) effecting 30% of the adult population at some point in their life. In this paper, a HAR based method is proposed to recognize some behaviors pertaining to anxiety display. To make such model, a novel dataset of anxious behaviors is also created with unique features using motion sensors of smartphone and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Several deep learning-based models are created and compared against random forest and gradient boost algorithms, where a deep model comprising Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) is shown to perform better than other models and could recognize anxiety-related behaviors with over 92% accuracy.

Challenges Faced by Behavioral Genetic Studies: Researchers Perspective from the MENA Region

BackgroundBehavioral genetic studies are important for the understanding of the contribution of genetic variations to human behavior. However, such studies might be associated with some ethical concerns.MethodsIn the current study, ethical challenges related to studies of genetic variations contributing to human behavior were examined among researchers. To achieve the study purpose, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region researchers were taken as an example, where the after- mentioned ethical challenges were discussed among a group of researchers, who were the participants of an online forum. Discussions and responses of the participants were monitored and were later qualitatively analyzed.ResultsDiscussions revealed that several ethical challenges, including subjects’ recruitment, the difficulty of obtaining informed consents, and issues of privacy and confidentiality of obtained data as information leakage, in this case, will lead to social stigma and isolation of the participants and their immediate family members. Jordanian social and cultural norms, faith, and the tribal nature of the population were raised as a major challenge that might face conducting behavioral genetic studies in the Arab populations of the MENA. The lack of regulation related to the conduction of genetic studies, misunderstanding, and misuse of genetic information are other challenges. A full explanation of genetic research and the current and future possible benefits/risks of such research could be potential solutions.ConclusionIn conclusion, the MENA populations are tackled with major challenges in relation to conducting research studies in genetics/antisocial behavior field/s. Establishment of guidelines related to genetic studies, capacity building, increasing public awareness about the importance of genetic testing, and enhancing responsible conduct of research will facilitate the conduct of such sensitive studies in the future in the region.

Sources of variation in search and foraging: A theoretical perspective.

Search-the problem of exploring a space of alternatives to identify target goals-is a fundamental behaviour for many species. Although its foundation lies in foraging, most studies of human search behaviour have been directed towards understanding the attentional mechanisms that underlie the efficient visual exploration of two-dimensional (2D) scenes. With this review, we aim to characterise how search behaviour can be explained across a wide range of contexts, environments, spatial scales, and populations, both typical and atypical. We first consider the generality of search processes across psychological domains. We then review studies of interspecies differences in search. Finally, we explore in detail the individual and contextual variables that affect visual search and related behaviours in established experimental psychology paradigms. Despite the heterogeneity of the findings discussed, we identify that variations in control processes, along with the ability to regulate behaviour as a function of the structure of search space and the sampling processes adopted, to be central to explanations of variations in search behaviour. We propose a tentative theoretical model aimed at integrating these notions and close by exploring questions that remain unaddressed.

Multinomial Sampling of Latent Variables for Hierarchical Change-Point Detection

Bayesian change-point detection, with latent variable models, allows to perform segmentation of high-dimensional time-series with heterogeneous statistical nature. We assume that change-points lie on a lower-dimensional manifold where we aim to infer a discrete representation via subsets of latent variables. For this particular model, full inference is computationally unfeasible and pseudo-observations based on point-estimates of latent variables are used instead. However, if their estimation is not certain enough, change-point detection gets affected. To circumvent this problem, we propose a multinomial sampling methodology that improves the detection rate and reduces the delay while keeping complexity stable and inference analytically tractable. Our experiments show results that outperform the baseline method and we also provide an example oriented to a human behavioral study.

Penerapan Vector Space Model Dalam Klasifikasi Penilaian Thematic Appeception Test

Psychology is the study of human mental behavior and functions scientifically. In practice, a person's personality can be assessed from psychological tests. One of the psychological tests is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). TAT Test is a projective psychological test consisting of various themes presented in the form of an image which is then projected accordingly with the response. The purpose of the TAT is to reveal the dynamics of the subject's personality in the form of encouragement, sediment, complex, and various dominant conflicts. Thematic Apperception Test still uses a card and tape recorder to record Testee's voice. Calculation of results or assessments is still done manually. Errors in the assessment will affect the results, so we need an intelligent information system using the vector space model method based on experience in the field of psychology. A web-based system which can provide personality test results and information about the Thematic Apperception Test. From the test results using 10 stories, it was found that the average precission value was 72.7%, the average recall value was 86.7%, and the average f-measure value was 78.3%.

Immersion analysis during gameplay in VR and on a PC

This article concerns the study of immersion and human behavior while in a virtual reality (VR) world. It was compared with the behavior of participants during the traditional process of watching the image displayed on a LCD monitor. The study was conducted on the original test stand and the following vital signs were measured: pulse rate and stress. Additional data about the participants were collected by conducting a questionnaire concerning, among others, feelings and well-being during the game. The obtained results clearly show that VR gameplay provides much more emotions to the participants. It also makes them able to forget that they are in a virtual world regardless of whether they have used a VR generating device before or not. These results will determine the impact of immersion on gameplay appeal and player engagement.

An Affordable and Efficient "Homemade" Platform for Drosophila Behavioral Studies, and an Accompanying Protocol for Larval Mitochondrial Respirometry.

The usefulness of Drosophila as a model organism for the study of human diseases, behaviors and basic biology is unquestionable. Although practical, Drosophila research lacks popularity in developing countries, possibly due to the misinformed idea that establishing a lab and performing relevant experiments with such tiny insects is difficult and requires expensive, specialized apparatuses. Here, we describe how to build an affordable flylab to quantitatively analyze a myriad of behavioral parameters in D. melanogaster, by 3D-printing many of the necessary pieces of equipment. We provide protocols to build in-house vial racks, courtship arenas, apparatuses for locomotor assays, etc., to be used for general fly maintenance and to perform behavioral experiments using adult flies and larvae. We also provide protocols on how to use more sophisticated systems, such as a high resolution oxygraph, to measure mitochondrial oxygen consumption in larval samples, and show its association with behavioral changes in the larvae upon the xenotopic expression of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX). AOX increases larval activity and mitochondrial leak respiration, and accelerates development at low temperatures, which is consistent with a thermogenic role for the enzyme. We hope these protocols will inspire researchers, especially from developing countries, to use Drosophila to easily combine behavior and mitochondrial metabolism data, which may lead to information on genes and/or environmental conditions that may also regulate human physiology and disease states.

Capturing the objects of vision with neural networks.

Human visual perception carves a scene at its physical joints, decomposing the world into objects, which are selectively attended, tracked and predicted as we engage our surroundings. Object representations emancipate perception from the sensory input, enabling us to keep in mind that which is out of sight and to use perceptual content as a basis for action and symbolic cognition. Human behavioural studies have documented how object representations emerge through grouping, amodal completion, proto-objects and object files. By contrast, deep neural network models of visual object recognition remain largely tethered to sensory input, despite achieving human-level performance at labelling objects. Here, we review related work in both fields and examine how these fields can help each other. The cognitive literature provides a starting point for the development of new experimental tasks that reveal mechanisms of human object perception and serve as benchmarks driving the development of deep neural network models that will put the object into object recognition.