Correlational Study Research Articles

Work intensification and occupational fatigue on nurses: a cross-sectional and correlational study

PurposeThis research aimed to determine the relationship between work intensification and occupational fatigue in nurses using a cross-sectional and correlational design.MethodsThe sample included 597 nurses from public, private, and university hospitals in Istanbul, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the "Nurse Information Form," the "Intensification of Job Demands Scale," and the "Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale." Analysis involved descriptive tests, correlation, and hierarchical linear regression.ResultsResults showed higher-than-average levels of both chronic and acute fatigue, with acute fatigue being more prevalent. The mean intershift recovery score was below average. A significant positive correlation was found between chronic and acute fatigue, while a significant negative correlation was observed between both fatigue types and intershift recovery. Work intensification levels were above average and correlated positively with chronic and acute fatigue, except for intensified career-related planning. Conversely, a negative correlation was found with recovery, except for intensified skill-related learning demands. Regression analysis revealed that demographic and occupational characteristics of nurses other than age, work intensification, acute fatigue, and intershift recovery explained 59.8% of chronic fatigue. For acute fatigue, these factors explained 11.2%, and for intershift recovery, 12.8%.ConclusionsThis study highlights the correlation between work intensification and occupational fatigue in nurses, suggesting that increased work intensity leads to higher occupational fatigue. The findings contribute to the literature and assist nurse managers and decision-makers in preventing occupational fatigue by re-evaluating and regulating current working conditions where job demands are intensified.

Minority Stressors, Social Connectedness and Degree of Outness in Gay Men: Data from Two Cross-Sectional Correlational Studies in the United Kingdom

Minority Stressors, Social Connectedness and Degree of Outness in Gay Men: Data from Two Cross-Sectional Correlational Studies in the United Kingdom

Unveiling the genetic potential and diversity of rice landraces for grain Fe content

Addressing micronutrient deficiency is increasingly recognized as a critical aspect of food and nutrition security in developing nations. Leveraging diverse genetic resources offers a promising avenue for identifying and enhancing micronutrient-rich genotypes through breeding strategies, thus providing sustainable solutions to this pressing challenge. The study aimed to identify rice genotypes with high Fe content and to study the extent of genetic divergence based on morphological and grain quality traits in a set of 50 native rice landraces over 2 different locations. A wide range of variation for grain Fe content was observed among the studied genotypes, which varied from 9.28–14.45 mg kg-1 and 1.88–4.87 mg kg-1 in brown and polished rice respectively. Results showed that the genotypes Jaya, Kalanamak, Kottara Samba, Gandakasala and Gopalbhog recorded high grain Fe content before polishing whereas Kottara Samba, Kalapathi Black, Jyothi, Chinnar and Kalanamak were found to have high Fe content after polishing. Interestingly, landraces possessing red seed coat color and medium slender grain group were identified to possess high grain Fe content. This was further substantiated by the correlation study where kernel breadth recorded a negative association with Fe content after polishing. Clustering resulted in 5 groups where the high Fe content possessing genotypes were grouped into clusters 2 and 4. Thus, these genotypes could be utilized as donors in further bio-fortification breeding programs.

Effect of Quadriceps Angle and BMI On Static and Dynamic Balance in Young Adults: A Correlational Study

Effect of Quadriceps Angle and BMI On Static and Dynamic Balance in Young Adults: A Correlational Study

Integrating emotional regulation in higher education: an Aristotelian-Thomistic approach

ABSTRACT The present study investigates emotional regulation and its relationship to the cardinal virtues, based on a cross-continental sample of college students and applying an Aristotelian-Thomistic framework. A descriptive, correlational, and comparative study was carried out with universities students across three countries (Chile, Spain, and Mexico). The research involved a sample of 314 students and utilized the WLEIS and the QCV scales. The results reveal a significant correlation between emotional regulation and the virtue of temperance, as well as between emotional assimilation and the virtue of fortitude. The study indicates that students possess a relatively low self-perception of their emotional regulation and emotional competencies of self-control, impulse control, and emotional management—competencies associated with the virtue of temperance. The results are similar across countries The results also reveal a significant correlation between emotional regulation and the virtue of temperance, as well as between emotional assimilation and the virtue of fortitude. The low student perception of emotional education suggests that virtue education should be included in universities. An integral formation that educates desire by integrating emotions with intelligence and will is proposed as a strategy.

Organizational, environmental, and sustainability of inputs to the implementation of a smoke-free area policy: A path analysis of Makassar's health facilities

The implementation of smoke-free policies in healthcare facilities represents a critical public health strategy; however, maintaining sustainable compliance remains a challenge globally. While healthcare institutions are expected to exemplify tobacco control measures, the effectiveness of smoke-free policies depends on multiple factors at the institutional and governmental levels. This study aimed to examine the influence of organizational, environmental, and sustainability factors on input indicators for smoke-free area policy implementation in healthcare facilities in Makassar, Indonesia. A quantitative correlational study was conducted across seven healthcare facilities that provide inpatient services. Using random cluster sampling, 232 healthcare workers were selected from a population of 736. Path analysis was employed to evaluate causal relationships between independent variables (organizational, environmental, and sustainability factors) and dependent variables (input indicators, including written policies, monitoring personnel, and promotional media). Data were collected through validated questionnaires and analyzed via structural equation modeling. Path analysis revealed that sustainability factors significantly influenced input indicators, particularly written policies (t statistic = 2.592, p<0.05, β=0.194). Key sustainability components, including funding stability, partnerships, organizational capacity, program evaluation, adaptation, and strategic planning, have demonstrated positive effects on policy implementation. Organizational and environmental factors had no significant impact on the input indicators. Sustainability factors emerged as crucial determinants for the successful implementation of smoke-free policies in healthcare facilities in Makassar city. Future research should investigate the barriers to policy implementation and explore additional input indicators to increase the effectiveness of smoke-free policies.

The relationship between stress, social support, and quality of life among spouses of patients at the end-of-life stage in Thailand: A correlational study.

Non-communicable diseases have become a leading global health challenge, with mortality rates steadily rising. Insufficient patient care can worsen chronic illness, often placing significant caregiving responsibilities on the patient's spouse. In some cases, spouses may need to leave their jobs to provide full-time care, especially during the end-of-life stage. Spousal caregivers often face emotionally distressing circumstances while caring for their loved ones, which can lead to elevated stress levels. However, research indicates that adequate social support can improve caregivers' quality of life, reducing some of the burdens associated with end-of-life care. This study aimed to assess and analyze the relationships between stress, social support, and quality of life experienced by spousal caregivers in Thailand, guided by Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) Stress and Coping Theory. A correlational descriptive study design was used. The study was conducted with 84 spouses of patients in the end-of-life stage at a university hospital between October 2021 and March 2022. Data were collected using a questionnaire covering stress, social support, and quality of life and analyzed using Pearson's Product Moment and Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficients. The majority of spouses were women aged between 31 and 83 years (Mean = 61.24, SD = 10.42). The mean stress level was 6.40 (SD = 1.62), the mean social support was 55.07 (SD = 9.06), and the mean quality of life was 94.69 (SD = 10.04). There was no significant correlation between social support and stress (r = -0.098, p = 0.373). However, stress was negatively correlated with quality of life (r = -0.299, p = 0.006), and social support was positively related to quality of life (r = 0.219, p = 0.045). Spousal caregivers of patients at the end-of-life stage experienced varying levels of stress, social support, and quality of life. While no significant relationship was found between social support and stress, stress negatively impacted quality of life, while higher social support was associated with improved quality of life. Healthcare providers, especially nurses, should assess and address the stress, social support, and overall well-being of spousal caregivers to enhance their quality of life.

Quality of life among Indonesian family caregivers caring for dependent older persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community: A cross-sectional, correlational study.

The global prevalence of older adults with diabetes has increased, and family caregivers in Indonesia play a critical role in managing diabetes and providing personal care. However, caregiving can be complex and challenging, often negatively affecting caregivers' quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to develop and test a hypothesized causal model of QoL among Indonesian family caregivers who care for dependent older persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 2024. A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted with 270 family caregivers recruited from five Community Health Centers. Data were collected using various scales: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Zarit Burden Interview, the Duke University Religion Index, the Perceived Knowledge on T2DM Care Scale, the Family-Carer Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Quality-of-Life Index. Descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) were used for analysis. The final model explained 89.1% of the variance in the quality of life (QoL) of family caregivers (R2 = 0.893, Adjusted R2 = 0.891), with 66% predictive relevance. Depression symptoms had the strongest negative direct effect on QoL, followed by caregiver burden. Self-efficacy and perceived knowledge had positive direct effects, while social support showed no significant direct effect. Indirect effects revealed that social support and self-efficacy positively influenced QoL through depression symptoms. The total effect (TE) analysis confirmed that depression symptoms had the strongest negative effect on QoL (TE = -0.744, p <0.001), while social support (TE = 0.443, p <0.001) and self-efficacy (TE = 0.413, p <0.001) had positive effects. Reducing depression symptoms and caregiver burden, strengthening social support, and promoting self-efficacy could significantly improve the QoL of family caregivers who care for older persons with T2DM. Nursing practice should address caregivers' physical and emotional needs, provide education, foster social support, and support caregiver mental health.

Abstract P021: Countering adenosine (ADO) in rectal cancer to improve RT responses to immune checkpoint blockade: a trial to test the safety and efficacy of PD1 (AB122) and ADO dual receptor (AB928) antagonists with chemotherapy after short-course RT

Abstract Background: Rectal cancer (RC) is unresponsive to single agent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), with the exception of microsatellite instability (MSI) high tumors. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT), however, is a standard treatment for locally advanced RC. A recent analysis of RC showed that upregulation of genes reflecting an increased T cell-inflamed and IFN-I response in post-RT samples compared with pre-RT biopsies correlated with pathological responses. The efficacy of combining RT with ICB in RC remains a focus of several ongoing and recently reported clinical trials. Extracellular adenosine (eADO) signaling, an important immunosuppressive pathway in RC, may hinder immune activation as TCGA and our preclinical data, respectively, suggests that eADO generation and signaling is elevated at baseline and exacerbated by RT. In mouse models, the inhibition of eADO generation improved systemic responses to ICB in otherwise refractory tumors. HypothesisWe hypothesize that inhibition of ADO signaling in RC is safe and an effective method to enhance RT-induced anti-tumor T cell responses as a means to sensitize RC to RT and anti-PD1 therapy. Brief Methods: NCT05024097, PANTHER RC trial, is a prospective phase I-II neoadjuvant study in patients with locally advanced RC. Patients receive upfront (wk 1) SC-RT (25 Gy in 5 fx) to the pelvis in combination with the dual A2aR/A2bR (adenosine receptors) inhibitor etrumadenant (AB928). Chemotherapy (wks 3-15), mFOLFOX x 6 cycles, is given with etrumadenant and anti-PD1 antibody zimberelimab (AB122). All patients undergo clinical response assessment (weeks 17-20) followed by watch and wait (if cCR) or total mesorectal excision for pathologic response assessment. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients who achieve a CR. Secondary endpoints include 3-year disease-related treatment failure and 5-year overall survival. Part I is a modified 3+3 safety run-in for etrumadenant plus SC-RT. Part II is an open label single arm Simon’s 2-stage optimal design. With a sample size of 27 patients (stage 1 = 15 patients and stage 2 = 12 patients) the trial is powered to detect a CR rate of 25% or less versus the atlernative, at least 45%. Results: To date 21 patients have enrolled. One of six patients accrued to part I experienced a grade 3+ treatment related toxicity. A CR was observed in one of five (20%) evaluable patients. In part II, the first eleven of fifteen accrued patients to stage 1 completed treatment and were assessed for response. A CR rate of 82% (4 pCRs, 5 cCRs, 2 pPRs) was observed. The trial is anticipated to proceed to stage 2 and accrue an additional twelve patients (27 total). Conclusion: The preliminary responses are promising and patient enrollment is ongoing. Tumor biopsies, blood specimens, and stool samples before and after RT will be comprehensively analyzed to determine the immune contexture at baseline, during, and after therapy. Correlative studies will help determine whether RT with ADO signaling blockade produces anti-tumor T cells capable of achieving CRs in locally advanced RC. Citation Format: Encouse Golden, Sandra Demaria, Nir Ben Chetrit, Mehraneh Dorna Jafari, Manish Shah, Silvia Formenti.Countering adenosine (ADO) in rectal cancer to improve RT responses to immune checkpoint blockade: a trial to test the safety and efficacy of PD1 (AB122) and ADO dual receptor (AB928) antagonists with chemotherapy after short-course RT.[abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr P021

Kontribusi Self Acceptance terhadap Fear of Intimacy pada Mahasiswa yang Orang Tuanya Bercerai di Kota Padang

Students are individuals aged 18 to 25 who are in the early adulthood phase, which is a period in an individual's life to adjust to new life patterns and new social expectations, as well as to take responsibility for their development and life. This study aims to determine whether self-acceptance contributes to fear of intimacy among students whose parents are divorced in the city of Padang.This research is a correlational quantitative study. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling with a sample size of 110 students, collected over a week from January 9-15 2025. The data for this research were obtained using a Likert scale model and then analyzed with simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that self-acceptance contributes to fear of intimacy among students whose parents are divorced in the city of Padang by 20.7%.

Self-management behavior and its influencing factors among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Colombo, Sri Lanka: A cross-sectional study.

Self-management behaviors are essential to take care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, data on COPD self-management practices in Sri Lankan adults is limited. Therefore, identifying the level of COPD self-management and examining its influencing factors are essential for healthcare providers to manage COPD effectively. This research aimed to describe the level of self-management behaviors and determine whether dyspnea, perceived stress, COPD knowledge, and social support can predict self-management in adults with COPD in Colombo, Sri Lanka. A predictive correlational study was conducted, and 108 adults with mild to moderate COPD were recruited from the central chest clinic in Colombo, Sri Lanka, from March to April 2024 using a simple random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data included demographic characteristics. The other instruments used were the COPD Self-Management Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the COPD Knowledge Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for data analysis. The study showed a moderate self-management level with a mean of 3.04 ± 0.35. All variables could explain 41.7% of the variance in self-management among adults with mild to moderate COPD and COPD self-management behaviors significantly predicted by dyspnea (β = 0.212, p = 0.006), perceived stress (β = -0.195, p = 0.018), COPD knowledge (β = 0.263, p = 0.001), and perceived social support (β = 0.366, p <0.001). The study shows evidence that a program to intervene targeting COPD knowledge and perceived social support, in addition to reducing dyspnea and perceived stress, can be beneficial in promoting better self-management behaviors among adults with mild to moderate COPD.

When longing goes wrong: Nostalgia can cause a preference for harmful aspects of the past

AbstractNostalgia has many benefits for individuals; it can increase meaning, well‐being, and belongingness. In contrast, we show in six studies the harmful policy implications of nostalgia. We propose that nostalgia can lead people to appreciate negative aspects of the past and oppose modern measures to reduce them, with negative implications for health, safety, and well‐being. Four correlational studies (Ntotal = 3081) show that nostalgia proneness correlates with opposition to smoke‐free laws, discounting of car‐safety, opposition to gender equality, and enjoyment of politically incorrect humor. Two experimental studies (Ntotal = 1004) causally link nostalgia to these beliefs. Speaking to their irrational nature, these effects occurred even among people who are aware of the negative consequences of these aspects of the past for health, safety, and well‐being. For example, even nostalgic non‐smokers longed back to the smoke‐filled bars of the past. Given the noted rise in nostalgia in Western society in response to societal change, these findings have important policy implications.Public Significance Statement: We show that people who are more likely to experience nostalgia tend to redefine negative elements of the past as positive. For example, they oppose smoke‐free laws or discount car‐safety. Given that nostalgia is commonly experienced when people feel lost in a fast‐changing world, these findings suggest a need to provide consistency and meaning, especially during times of rapid societal change.

A multimodal transformer system for noninvasive diabetic nephropathy diagnosis via retinal imaging

Differentiating between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) without a kidney biopsy remains a major challenge, often leading to missed opportunities for targeted treatments that could greatly improve NDRD outcomes. To reform the traditional biopsy-all diagnostic paradigm and avoid unnecessary biopsy, we developed a transformer-based deep learning (DL) system for detecting DN and NDRD upon non-invasive multi-modal data of fundus images and clinical characteristics. Our Trans-MUF achieved an AUC of 0.980 (95% CI: 0.979 to 0.980) over the internal retrospective set and also had superior generalizability over a prospective dataset (AUC: 0.989, 95% CI: 0.987 to 0.990) and a multicenter, cross-machine and multi-operator dataset (AUC: 0.932, 95% CI: 0.931 to 0.939). Moreover, the nephrologists‘ diagnosis accuracy can be improved by 21%, through visualization assistance of the DL system. This paper lays a foundation for automatically differentiating DN and NDRD without biopsy. (Registry name: Correlation Study Between Clinical Phenotype and Pathology of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy. ID: NCT03865914. Date: 2017-11-30).

Conformal collider physics meets LHC data

The remarkably high energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have allowed for the first measurements of the shapes and scalings of multipoint correlators of energy flow operators, ⟨Ψ|E(n→1)E(n→2)⋯E(n→k)|Ψ⟩, providing new insights into the Lorentzian dynamics of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this letter, we use recent advances in effective field theory to derive a rigorous factorization theorem for the light-ray density matrix, ρ=|Ψ⟩⟨Ψ|, inside high transverse momentum jets at the LHC. Using the light-ray operator product expansion, the scaling behavior of multipoint correlators can be computed from the expectation value of the twist-2 spin-J light-ray operators, O[J], in this state, Tr[ρO[J]]. We compute the light-ray density matrix at next-to-leading order, and combine this with results for the next-to-leading logarithmic scaling behavior of the correlators up to six-points, comparing with CMS open data. This theoretical accuracy allows us to resolve the quantum scaling dimensions of QCD light-ray operators inside jets at the LHC. Our factorization theorem for the light-ray density matrix at the LHC completes the link between recent developments in the study of energy correlators and LHC phenomenology, opening the door to a wide variety of precision jet substructure studies. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Correlation Study of Auroral Currents with External Parameters During 10–12 October 2024 Superstorm

This study investigated the correlations between field-aligned currents (FACs), polar electrojets (PEJs), and external solar and geomagnetic activity parameters during the intense geomagnetic storm that occurred from 10 to 12 October 2024. Notably, the merging electric field (Em) had a greater impact on FACs and PEJs compared to the May 2024 storm, while the influence of solar wind pressure (Pd) was equally important in both storms. The peak FAC densities in the northern dawn (southern dusk) and nighttime sectors correlate strongly with Em, whereas Pd dominates in the northern dusk (southern dawn) and daytime sectors. For PEJs, Em correlates strongly with current densities in the northern dawn–dusk and southern nighttime sectors, while Pd is the primary correlated parameter on the dayside. FAC (PEJ) latitudes are most strongly influenced by Em (Pd or Dst) on the dawnside–duskside. Additionally, FACs and PEJs are mostly more intense on the dawnside than on the duskside and extend to lower latitudes at dusk than at dawn. Analysis of the May and October 2024 storms reveals that FACs in the summer hemisphere are generally stronger and situated at more poleward latitudes than those in the winter hemisphere. This pattern is largely driven by summer–winter variations in ionospheric conductivity, with some differences also arising from the asymmetric magnetic field geometry between the two hemispheres.

Study of Correlation of Clinical Parameters and Radiological Abnormalities in Acute Pyelonephritis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Study of Correlation of Clinical Parameters and Radiological Abnormalities in Acute Pyelonephritis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

DOP089 Shaping the Future of IBD Diagnostics: A Multicentric AI-Driven Capsule Endoscopy Study

Abstract Background Capsule endoscopy (CE), is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool critical for evaluating small bowel conditions, particularly Crohn's disease. Detecting ulcers and erosions is essential for assessing disease activity, guiding treatment decisions, and monitoring therapeutic responses. While CE revolutionized lesion detection, its manual interpretation is time-consuming and prone to variability. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have emerged as transformative solutions, improving detection accuracy, reducing variability, and enabling faster, more reliable lesion identification. This study aimed to develop and validate an AI model capable of detecting and differentiating small bowel ulcers and erosions across multiple CE devices and clinical centers. Methods A multicenter, prospective study was conducted from January 2021 to April 2024, involving centers in Europe (Portugal and Spain) and the USA. The study utilized two CE devices (PillCamSB3 and Olympus EC-10) and analyzed 137 anonymized CE exams. The AI-assisted readings generated by the deep learning model were compared with standard-of-care (SoC) readings, using expert board consensus as the gold standard. Comparisons between SoC reading and AI-assisted reading were assessd by standard metrics (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, AUROC). Results Ulcers and erosions were detected in 56 patients (40.9%) during expert board review. SoC had 60.7% sensitivity, 98.8% specificity, 97.1% PPV, 78.4% NPV and 83.2% accuracy for detection of ulcers and erosions. AI-assisted reading detected ulcers and erosions with 94.6% sensitivity, 80.2% specificity, 76.8% PPV, 95-6% NPV and 86.1% accuracy. The AI-assisted model diagnosis was non-inferior (p&amp;lt;0.001) and superior (p&amp;lt;0.001) to conventional SoC diagnosis for detection of ulcers and erosions. The AI model identified 68 lesions compared to 35 detected by SoC demonstrating consistent performance across different CE devices and centers. These results were accompanied by a mean reading time of 239 seconds (SD 138 seconds) per exam with AI-assisted reading. Conclusion The AI-assisted model achieved superior diagnostic performance compared to SoC, with higher sensitivity (94.6% vs. 60.7%) and accuracy (86.1% vs. 83.2%), with a significant decrease in reading time.This landmark study represents the first interoperable, multicenter validation of an AI model capable of detecting and differentiating ulcers and erosions using data from multiple CE devices. By ensuring compatibility and high diagnostic performance across diverse settings, this technology is set to transform endoscopic practice and clinical management in IBD. References Piccirelli, S. et al. New Generation Express View: An Artificial Intelligence Software Effectively Reduces Capsule Endoscopy Reading Times. Diagnostics (Basel) 12 (2022). https://doi.org:10.3390/diagnostics12081783 Mascarenhas, M., Afonso, J., Andrade, P., Cardoso, H. &amp; Macedo, G. Artificial intelligence and capsule endoscopy: unravelling the future. Ann Gastroenterol 34, 300-309 (2021). https://doi.org:10.20524/aog.2021.0606 Cardoso P, Mascarenhas M, Afonso J, et al. Deep learning and minimally invasive inflammatory activity assessment: a proof-of-concept study for development and score correlation of a panendoscopy convolutional network. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2024;17:17562848241251569. Published 2024 May 27. doi:10.1177/17562848241251569 Afonso, J. et al. Automated detection of ulcers and erosions in capsule endoscopy images using a convolutional neural network. Med Biol Eng Comput 60, 719-725 (2022). https://doi.org:10.1007/s11517-021-02486-9

A Correlational Study to Assess the Percieved Stress and Professional Quality of Life among Nicu Staff Nurses at Selected Hospitals of Bagalkot, with View to Develop an Interventional Package

A Correlational Study to Assess the Percieved Stress and Professional Quality of Life among Nicu Staff Nurses at Selected Hospitals of Bagalkot, with View to Develop an Interventional Package

P1355 Analysis of fecal bacterial and viral characteristics in patients with ulcerative colitis based on metagenomic sequencing

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease mainly characterized by intestinal lesions, with persistent or recurrent diarrhea, mucous purulent stools as the main symptoms, accompanied by abdominal pain, urgency, and various systemic symptoms. The coexistence of viral bodies and other components of the microbiota with the host, in a dynamic equilibrium state, is a key factor in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and function[1]. Methods Perform metagenomic sequencing on the feces of 52 UC patients and 15 normal individuals to analyze the abundance of gut microbiota and viruses and their correlation with clinical indicators. Results 1. UC patients have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, with a significant decrease in Bacteroidetes and a significant increase in Actinobacteria and Pseudomonas. There was a significant difference (q&amp;lt;0.05) in the presence of intestinal Rosebery bacteria between the healthy control group and the severe UC group; There were significant differences (q&amp;lt;0.01) between the healthy control group and the UC severe group in terms of Streptococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Plantarum lactis, Lactobacillus rectalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus reuteri. 2. UC patients have intestinal viral dysbiosis, There were statistically significant differences (q&amp;lt;0.05) between healthy individuals and patients with severe UC in terms of Bacteriophage sp., Enterococcus phage plant, Porcine type-c oncovirus, Lactobacillus phage LfeSau, and Siphaviridae sp. ctsfh5; There is a statistical difference (q&amp;lt;0.05) between mild and severe UC patients in Siphaviridae sp. ct4aE30, Enterococcus phage plantet, Siphaviridae sp. ctqOv4, Lactobacillus phage LfeSau, and Siphaviridae sp. ctsfh5. 3. We conducted a correlation study between differential microbiota and viruses and clinical indicators, and found that intestinal Roseburi bacteria were negatively correlated with modified Mayo score, ESR, and hsCRP; It is positively correlated with HGB. Siphaviridae sp. ctPB44 is negatively correlated with the modified Mayo score, ESR, and hsCRP. 4. We observed significant changes in the functional composition of the fecal microbiome in UC, with several microbial genes and functions identified in severe UC being more abundant than those in healthy individuals, including K13140, K01223, K02761, and K09454. Conclusion The gut microbiota and viruses of UC patients are disrupted, and whether in healthy individuals or UC patients, the predominant gut virus is Caudovicetes sp. However, the abundance of Caudovicetes sp. increases in UC patients. There is a certain correlation between intestinal Roseburia bacteria, Siphaviridae sp. ctPB44, and clinical indicators such as ESR, hsCRP, and HGB.

Project-Based Learning and Students’ Motivation: Kacem Amine High School as a Case Study

The learning methods can either increase or decrease students' motivation. Project-based learning is one of the modern learning methods that have been found to create a welcoming and motivating learning environment where learners enthusiastically participate in constructing knowledge on their own. To investigate this in the Moroccan context, the researchers conducted a correlational study to explore the relationship between project-based learning as an independent variable and students’ motivation types as a dependent variable. The twenty students who participated in the experiment were given a project to conduct. The project was related to what they had studied in unit four of the Ticket to English textbook. The results indicate that PBL and students’ motivation are to a greater extent interrelated.