Biosorption Studies Research Articles

Biosorption studies of methylene blue dye using NaOH-treated Aspergillus niger-filled sodium alginate microbeads

The effectiveness of NaOH-functionalized Aspergillus niger-filled sodium alginate microbeads on methylene blue (MB) removal was investigated in this study. First of all, Aspergillus niger biomass was obtained, then functionalized using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Lastly, the composites were prepared by dispersing NaOH-treated-Aspergillus niger in sodium alginate gel. The cross-linked composite microbeads in a 3% CaCl2 solution were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). FTIR-ATR results indicated that the hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl groups on the surface of the composite beads acted as binding sites. It was determined that the biosorption of MB occurred via the electrostatic interactions, Van der Waals interactions, π-π interactions, and H-bonding between functional groups and dye molecules. SEM and AFM analyses proved the presence of adsorbed dye molecules on the surface. Besides, optimum conditions were determined by examining the effects of different physicochemical parameters on biosorption. The maximum biosorption capacity of microbeads was obtained as 322.6 mg/g in pH = 7 at 25 °C. Moreover, various isotherms were used, including Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Harkins-Jura. The Langmuir model was found to be the best feasible when the correlation coefficients were taken into account. Biosorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and occurred exothermically and spontaneously. This study indicates that NaOH-treated Aspergillus niger-filled sodium alginate microbeads are promising material as a biosorbent.

Statistical optimization, kinetic, equilibrium isotherm and thermodynamic studies of copper biosorption onto Rosa damascena leaves as a low-cost biosorbent

In this study, Rosa damascena leaf powder was evaluated as a biosorbent for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions. Process variables such as the biosorbent dose, pH, and initial copper concentration were optimized using response surface methodology. A quadratic model was established to relate the factors to the response based on the Box–Behnken design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the experimental data, and multiple regression analysis was used to fit it to a second-order polynomial equation. A biosorbent dose of 4.0 g/L, pH of 5.5, and initial copper concentration of 55 mg/L were determined to be the best conditions for copper removal. The removal of Cu2+ ions was 88.7% under these optimal conditions, indicating that the experimental data and model predictions were in good agreement. The biosorption data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models. The combination of film and intra-particle diffusion was found to influence Cu2+ biosorption. The Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models best fit the experimental data, showing a monolayer isotherm with a qmax value of 25.13 mg/g obtained under optimal conditions. The thermodynamic parameters showed the spontaneity, feasibility and endothermic nature of adsorption. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the biosorbent before and after Cu2+ biosorption, revealing its outstanding structural characteristics and high surface functional group availability. In addition, immobilized R. damascena leaves adsorbed 90.7% of the copper from aqueous solution, which is more than the amount adsorbed by the free biosorbent (85.3%). The main mechanism of interaction between R. damascena biomass and Cu2+ ions is controlled by both ion exchange and hydrogen bond formation. It can be concluded that R. damascena can be employed as a low-cost biosorbent to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

Biosorption Study of Methylene Blue (MB) and Brilliant Red Remazol (BRR) by Coconut Dregs

Water pollution has become a major issue in many countries, including Malaysia. Malaysia is one of the countries that suffers from this detrimental influence on water resource sustainability. Adsorption has been discovered to be a cost-effective and efficient method of removing contaminants such as pigments, dyes, and metal impurities. Many biomass-based adsorbent materials have been successfully used for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. In this study, the potential use of coconut dregs as the new biosorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) (basic dye) and Brilliant Red Remazol (BRR) (acidic dye) was investigated. The effects of adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial dye concentration on coconut dregs adsorption for MB and BRR dye were investigated using 2-Level Factorial Design of Design-Expert 7.1.5. The results indicated that the amount of dye adsorbed on the coconut dregs increased with increasing dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and adsorption time. However, both MB and BRR dyes favor different pH for the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity of MB dye increased with increasing pH, while the adsorption capacity of BRR dye increased with decreasing pH. Removal of MB was optimum at pH 11, contact time of 240 min, a dosage of 0.25 g adsorbent, and an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. Meanwhile, for BRR dye, the optimum condition was pH 2, contact time of 180 min, the dosage of 0.25 g adsorbent, and an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. The equilibrium data for both dyes fitted very well with the Langmuir Isotherm equation giving a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity as high as 5.7208 mg/g and 3.7636 mg/g for Methylene Blue Dye and Brilliant Red Remazol dye, respectively. This study shows that coconut dregs can be one of the potential and low-cost biosorbents for the treatment of industrial dyes soon.

Comparative Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium Biosorption Efficiency Using Dead and Live Aspergillus nomius Biomass

Daily industrial activities especially in developing countries produce and discharge wastes containing heavy metals into the water resources making them polluted, threatening human health and the ecosystem. One such heavy metal is Chromium, the hexavalent form of which is extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Biosorption, the process of passive cation binding by dead or living biomass, represents a potentially cost-effective way of eliminating toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The potential of microorganisms to remove metal ions in solution has been extensively studied; in particular, live and dead fungi have been recognized as a promising class of low-cost adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions. Fungal biomass has various advantages; hence, it needs to be explored further to take its maximum advantage in wastewater treatment. In this study, we discuss the live and dead fungi characteristics of sorption, factors influencing heavy metal removal. Biosorption studies were performed with both dead and live biomass and the effectiveness of Cr (VI) biosorption was compared for each parameter. It was observed that biosorption was maximum (approximately): 82% while using sulfuric acid as the pre-treatment agent (hence only dead biomass) and also maximum of 96.5% at 1 N. The optimum pH for maximum biosorption was 6 when dead biomass was used, while it was 2 when live biomass was used. Maximum Chromium removal of 86% was obtained using 2 g live biomass whereas 0.5 g of dead biomass was enough to obtain the maximum efficiency.96% chromium was removed at 25° C using dead biomass, whereas, maximum removal of about 84% was obtained when live biomass was used for biosorption and it took place at 35° C. Maximum Cr (VI) removal of about 95% was obtained when dead biomass was used and 69% when live biomass was used, both at 1mg/L metal concentration. 0.5 g of dead biomass in 100 ml, 1 mg/L solution, was optimum for Cr (VI) removal, while for live biomass, maximum Cr (VI) biosorption of 63% was obtained when 1.5 g of it was used in 300 ml solution. It was finally concluded that dead fungal biomass has better biosorption potentials and also some other inherent advantages over live biomass.

E-waste mining and the transition toward a bio-based economy: The case of lamp phosphor powder.

Replacement of conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical process used in E-waste recycling to recover metals can be possible. The metallurgical industry has been considered biohydrometallurgical-based technologies for E-waste recycling. Biorecovery of critical metals from phosphor powder from spent lamps is an example of transition to a bio-based circular economy. E-waste contains economically significant levels of precious, critical metals and rare-earth elements (REE), apart from base metals and other toxic compounds. Recycling and recovery of critical elements from E-waste using a cost-effective technology are now among the top priorities in metallurgy due to the rapid depletion of their natural resources. This paper focuses on the perceptions of recovery of REE from phosphor powder from spent fluorescent lamps regarding a possible transition toward a bio-based economy. An overview of the worldwide E-waste and REE is also demonstrated to reinforce the arguments for the importance of E-waste as a secondary source of some critical metals. Based on the use of bioprocesses, we argue that the replacement of conventional steps used in E-waste recycling by bio-based technological processes can be possible. The bio-recycling of E-waste follows a typical sequence of industrial processes intensely used in classic pyro- and hydrometallurgy with the addition of bio-hydrometallurgical processes such as bioleaching and biosorption. We use the case study of REE biosorption as a new technology based on biological principles to exemplify the potential of urban biomining. The perspective of transition between conventional processes for the recovery of valuable metals for biohydrometallurgy defines which issues related to urban mining can influence the mineral bioeconomy. This assessment is necessary to outline future directions for sustainable recycling development to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.Graphical

Biosorption of metribuzin pesticide by Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) peels-zinc oxide nanoparticles composite

Herein, a biosorbent was prepared from cucumber peels modified with ZnO nanoparticles (CPZiONp-composite) for the biosorption of metribuzin. Characterization of the composite was accomplished using FTIR, SEM, EDX, surface area pore size analyzer and pH of point of zero charge (pHpzc). Biosorption study was executed in batch concerning the impact of pH, composite dose, contact time, initial metribuzin concentration and temperature. The biosorption depends on pH and maximum biosorption was acquired at pH 3.0. Surface chemistry of the composite was studied by determining the pHpzc and was found to be 6.1. The biosorption nature was investigated using isotherms and was assessed that Freundlich isotherm is well suited for the fitting of the biosorption data owing to the highest R2. The maximum biosorption capacity of CPZiONp-composite was found to be 200 mg g-1. The biosorption data were fitted in to different kinetic models and the outcomes suggesting that pseudo second order is a satisfactory model to interpret the biosorption data owing to the highest R2. Thermodynamic parameters for instance entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy were computed and revealed that biosorption of metribuzin onto CPZiONp-composite is spontaneous and exothermic process.

Correction to: Recycling of Labada (Rumex) biowaste as a value-added biosorbent for rhodamine B (Rd-B) wastewater treatment: biosorption study with experimental design optimisation

Correction to: Recycling of Labada (Rumex) biowaste as a value-added biosorbent for rhodamine B (Rd-B) wastewater treatment: biosorption study with experimental design optimisation

Experimental and theoretical study of methylene blue biosorption using a new biomaterial Pergularia tomentosa L. fruit

Experimental and theoretical study of methylene blue biosorption using a new biomaterial Pergularia tomentosa L. fruit

Recycling of Labada (Rumex) biowaste as a value-added biosorbent for rhodamine B (Rd-B) wastewater treatment: biosorption study with experimental design optimisation

Recycling of Labada (Rumex) biowaste as a value-added biosorbent for rhodamine B (Rd-B) wastewater treatment: biosorption study with experimental design optimisation

Biosorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye onto chemically modified and unmodified Yarrowia lipolytica biomass.

Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) is a widely used carcinogenic and toxic dye. This study focused on RBBR dye removal using chemically modified and unmodified Yarrowia lipolytica biomass. RBBR dye biosorption studies were carried out as a function of pH, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The pH of the aqueous solution strongly influenced the biosorption percent of RBBR dye. The highest dye biosorption capacity yield was obtained at pH 2-3 range. It has been found that the adsorption capacity is quite low at higher pH values. No differences were found between chemically modified and unmodified biomass in terms of RBBR dye biosorption capacity. In the first 15min, almost 50% RBBR dye was removed from the solution and reached equilibrium within180 min at pH 2. Biosorption isotherm obeyed Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Isothermal and Kinetic Studies of Biosorption of Low Concentration Cr(III) from Aqueous Solution by 4 Microbial Biosorbents

Isothermal and Kinetic Studies of Biosorption of Low Concentration Cr(III) from Aqueous Solution by 4 Microbial Biosorbents

Batch studies of hexavalent chromium biosorption from mining wastewater using Aspergillus niger

The effects of selected process parameters in the biosorption of chromium (VI) ions for wastewater treatment using Aspergillus niger were studied whilst keeping temperature and pH constant. The biosorption capacity was observed to be optimum at 15 h contact time, 2.8 g biomass dose and 200 rpm agitation speed. The Jovanovic isotherm model best represented the biosorption equilibrium data, and the equilibrium biosorption capacity was found to be 0.0574 mg/g. The biosorption kinetics was investigated, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best fit concerning the generated biosorption data according to linear regression analysis. Thermodynamic study of the biosorption process ascertained the values of standard thermodynamic parameters, including ΔGo, ΔHo, ΔSo, which helped characterize the biosorption process to be exothermic, physical, and spontaneous.

Geological, Mineralogical and Comparative Study of Biosorption for Uranium and Thorium Using Different Types of Algae at Wadi Dara Area, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt.

Geological, Mineralogical and Comparative Study of Biosorption for Uranium and Thorium Using Different Types of Algae at Wadi Dara Area, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt.

Isotherm and Thermodynamic Studies of Biosorption of Brilliant Green on Surface of Low Cost Biomass Obtained from Michelia champaca Leaf

The capacity to remove brilliant green from aqueous solutions through biosorption using the Michelia champaca leaf powder (MCLP), was examined in batch experiments. Almost 99.00% of brilliant green has been removed from 10 mg L-1 brilliant green solution and 93.22% from 50 mg L-1 brilliant green solution for 0.8 g L-1 biosorbent. The biosorption capacity of Michelia champaca leaf powder (MCLP) was independent on the pH of the brilliant green solution. For that reason all the adsorption experiments were done without adjusting the pH value. Langmuir monolayer sorption capacity, qm decreases from 200 to 55.56 mg g-1 (109.63 mg g-1, mean) with increase in MCLP amount from 0.2-1.0 g L-1. The adsorption capacity increases with speed of agitation and most favourable adsorption was achieved at 100 revolution per min (rpm). The extend of adsorption of brilliant green onto MCLP was observed to increase with increase in temperature indicating interaction between MCLP-brilliant green is endothermic in nature. The biosorption of brilliant green on MCLP was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which indicates that the presence of brilliant green ions in the biomass, affects the bands correlated with −OH, −CHO, −CO and −CN groups. Complete characterization of parameters indicate MCLP to be an excellent biosorbent for treating wastewaters containing brilliant green.

Biosorption of Copper(II) and Iron(II) using Spent Mushroom Compost as Biosorbent

The application of the biosorption process and agricultural waste to treat heavy metals has drawn much attention. This method seems to be a more economical, environmentally friendly, and simple way for removing heavy metals from effluents. The study was conducted to explore the efficiency of the biosorption process utilizing spent mushroom compost to remove copper (II) and iron (II) from synthetic wastewater. Biosorption studies at different operating parameters, such as biosorbent dosage (1.0 – 5.0 g), pH (pH 4 – 8), contact time (1 - 30 minutes), and initial heavy metal concentration (10 - 100 mg/L), were conducted in batch experiments. The highest performance for copper (II) and iron (II) biosorption was found at 5.0 g biosorbent dosage of spent mushroom compost, unadjusted pH 6, 10 minutes of contact time, and 10 mg/L of initial concentration. The study was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.95) for copper (II) and iron (II) biosorption, which are much greater compared to the Freundlich model. The study is also very well suited to the pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.999) than the pseudo-first-order kinetic models. In conclusion, the spent mushroom compost has the potential to be an effective biosorbent for removing copper (II) and iron (II) from synthetic wastewater.

Use of brewery spent grains as a biosorbent for reactive blue 5G dye removal: batch and continuous flow studies

The biosorption of the Reactive Blue 5 G dye (RB5G) in batch and continuous flow systems was investigated using brewery spent grains (BSG) as a biosorbent. The biosorbent was characterized by the point of zero charge, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transforms infrared, and N2 adsorption/desorption. A rotational central composite design was used in the batch biosorption studies. This design generated a model with a determination coefficient of 0.98. The design results showed that the removal of the dye was favored by the increase in temperature and the pH and mean particle diameter reduction. Equilibrium was reached after 24 h, achieving a dye removal of approximately 94.5%. Batch biosorption data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal model, indicating the prevalence of chemical biosorption. The maximum biosorption capacity achieved was 83.42 mg g−1. Considering the continuous flow system, a better biosorption column performance was found for the flow rate of 2 mL min−1 associated with 4 g of biosorbent mass. The equilibrium data for the fixed bed column showed a good fit for both Langmuir and Freundlich models, which may suggest the coexistence of chemical and physical biosorption. The maximum removal capacity was 74.10 mg g−1. The column performance was maintained for both low and high fed dye concentrations. In general, the BSG achieved good results for the biosorption of the RB5G, representing an alternative to remove this dye from textile effluents and also for the destination of this abundant biomass.

Biosorption of Chromium from Spent Semi-Chrome Liquor: Part 1 Effective Pollution Abatement using Bacillus cerus

The current study focuses on the isolation of Bacillus cerus from mangrove rhizosphere and its ability to treat semi-chrome process liquor of upper leathers. This strain has been identified by its molecular characteristics (16s rRNA sequencing) and confirmation has been obtained from neighbor joining tree. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the strain has been found to be 50 ppm. The growth pattern of this organism has been investigated in the presence of chromium, which showed the bacterial strain can grow luxuriantly at 50 and 100 ppm concentration of chromium. Biosorption study has been conducted at different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) of chromium. The biosorption capability of Bacillus cerus has been found to be 80.78, 73.19, 65.86, 59.44 and 39.27% for 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm respectively. Chromium sorption from the semi-chrome process liquor by Bacillus cerus has also been investigated, which showed a reduction of 76.15, 68.56, 61.63, 56.29 and 36.51% against 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of chromium. Sorption characterization has been carried out by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses and the results confirmed the presence of sorption of chromium in Bacillus cerus.

Biosorption of Copper (II) from Aqueous Solution using a Combination of Orange Peels and Tea Waste

The ability of biosorbents, which are a combination of orange peels and tea waste to treat copper (II) using the biosorption method was examined. The experiment was performed under batch biosorption studies with various operating parameters. The pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, and initial copper (II) concentration were optimized from pH 3 - 8, 0.25 - 1.0 g, 2 - 20 minutes and 10 - 100 mg/L, respectively. The findings found that a pH of 5.5, a biosorbent dosage of 0.75 g, a contact period of 5 minutes, and an initial copper (II) concentration of 10 mg/L were shown to be the best operating parameters for copper (II) biosorption. For isotherm models, the experimental data for copper (II) biosorption was fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with R2 value of 0.7775 compared to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 value of 0.1073. The value for RL was 0.4, indicating that copper (II) biosorption using the combination of orange peels and tea waste is favourable. For kinetic models, the experimental data for copper (II) biosorption was well fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 value of 0.9865 compared to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with R2 value of 0.1006. In conclusion, the combination of orange peels and tea waste functions very well for biosorption of copper (II).

Biosorption of zinc from aqueous solution using algae and plant biomass

In the present study, the sorption capacity of plant biomass has been studied; particularly the ability of biomass algae Chlorella vulgaris, filamentous green algae Spirogyra sp. and roots, stems and leaves of an invasive plant Reynoutria japonica to bind up Zn2+ ions. The results of this biosorption study revealed that the rate and extent of uptake were affected by pH level, contact time and initial metal concentration. The maximum uptake of metal ions was obtained at pH 6.0. The equilibrium sorption data for metal system at pH 6 were described by the Langmuir isotherms model. For Zn2+, sorption capacity qmax of 17 mg/g was achieved using biomass from leaves. Removal of Zn2+ with 1g of biosorbent from leaves was almost 77% when present in low concentrations, whereas it is lower at higher concentrations.

A new soil microcosm to evaluate the Cd, Cu and Pb biosorption by Absidia cylindrospora

Fungi could be considered as an effective tool for treating metal pollution in soils because of their metal tolerance and biosorption capacity. While most of biosorption studies intended for bioremediation trials are carried out in liquid medium, this study presents the development of a new type of soil microcosm, designed to evaluate the fungal biosorption of metals in a solid medium. The research focused on the bioaugmentation with the fungus Absidia cylindrospora of a soil artificially contaminated by metals (Cd, Cu, and Pb). Soil microcosms were performed in layers, and a separation technique including a centrifugation step was developed. The results showed that the centrifugation step does not cause the leaching of metals from the soil. The developed procedure allows to effectively separate the mycelium from the soil at the end of the experiment. It leads to an accurate evaluation of the metal accumulated by the fungus, by better estimating the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) which was superior to 1 for the metals studied. In addition, Absidia cylindrospora was viable after 30 days experiment, and able to biosorb considerable amounts of the metals studied from the contaminated soil; it accumulates 171 mg.kg−1 of Cu, 146 mg.kg−1 of Cd and 119 mg.kg−1 of Pb. These results confirm the ability of the fungal strain to be used for bioremediation studies.