Study In Hungary Research Articles

Estimating the environmental footprint of a grid-connected 20 MWp photovoltaic system

Balance-of-system components represent a growing share of environmental impacts in photovoltaic utility-scale solar energy systems. There are, however, no effective methods to carry out screening type life-cycle assessment during the planning phase of the power plant to minimize these impacts. This paper uses the European Commission’s novel product environmental footprint methodology to explore the life-cycle impacts of a case study in Hungary and applies two life-cycle models with different system boundaries and assumptions. The first model represents a full-fledged assessment with a detailed inventory, while the other, simplified model can be directly linked to the main plant design parameters. Our results show that: a) the production of photovoltaic modules account for around half of the total aggregated environmental impacts, b) compared to the Hungarian grid mix, the new power plant reduces the environmental footprint by 75%. It is also shown that the simplified model captures the overwhelming majority of impacts, thus, it is applicable during the eco-design of similar systems.

The use of herbal remedies prior to elective surgical procedures at an urban hospital and a university clinic in Hungary. Descriptive study

Introduction: Herbal medicine use has become widespread in recent years. This is the first study in Hungary evaluating the use of nutraceutical agents in patients undergoing elective surgery. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the types, frequency of use and predisposing factors of the most commonly used herbs among patients of an urban hospital and a university clinic. Method: We conducted an anonymous survey questionnaire at the Jávorszky Ödön Hospital and at the 1st Department of Surgery of Semmelweis University. A total of 1000 questionnaires were distributed. Results: In total, 612 questionnaires were returned. 34.3% of patients used herbal remedies, 19.6% of them two weeks prior to surgery. The most commonly used herbs were garlic, chamomile and lemongrass, while in the two-week period before surgery were garlic, ginger and rosehips. 58.5% of the patients had some type of co-morbidity; in this group, the use of herbal remedies was significantly more frequent. 64.4% of patients were expected to undergo general surgical intervention; in this group, the use of herbs was more popular. Analyzing the sociodemographic factors, women, people with a higher level of education, the ones that live in the capital and are over 60 years of age are more likely to use these compounds. Conclusion: One third of patients waiting for surgery used herbal remedies, one fifth of them two weeks prior to surgery. Only one fifth of the patients reported the use of these compounds to their doctors. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(1): 17-25.

Patients’ Willingness to Ride on a Driverless Ambulance: A Case Study in Hungary

Rapid development of autonomous driving technology leads to spread of driverless vehicles. In healthcare, the maturity of this technology might bring to the replacement of conventional ambulances by self-driving ones. Therefore, our research purpose was to determine whether potential patients are ready to accept such an innovation as an autonomous ambulance. Besides, ‘affect’ data were gathered in order to identify whether emotions played an ‘intermediary’ function between ambulance mode and readiness to travel. The source data were collected using a so-called Autonomous Ambulance Acceptance Questionnaire. t-Test, ANOVA and Mediation analyses were conducted, and the outputs have been discussed. The findings indicate the necessity of creating and spreading of educational materials related to the preparation of potential patients for Autonomous Vehicles technology.

British and American Cultural Stories in Hungary

This paper presents a complex study highlighting English and American cultural stories and makes an attempt at determining to what extent these cultural stories are known among students of English and Translation Studies in Hungary. The first stage of the research was a process of finding out about previous research and then selecting British and American cultural items that might be relevant for Hungarian students. These are presented as a list in the introduction. Nine instances have been singled out for further analysis in this paper, in the second section of which the background of the cultural stories is described in detail. The third section offers information about a survey conducted among a group of students of English and Translation Studies, underlining the need for intercultural education in both courses. The first empirical results of a pilot survey were presented during a HUSSE conference in Veszprém (14th Biennial HUSSE Conference, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, 31 January – 2 February 2019), the title of the forthcoming paper is “I can drink with any tinker in his own language” – Target Language Culture in EFL at Different Levels of Teaching. More information including students’ personal insights can be found on the beliefs and perceptions of students of English about language and culture in a previous paper (Szele 2019).

ISTVÁN UDVARI’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE REHABILITATION OF ANTONY HODINKA’S SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE

The merit of István Udvari is enormous in the field of investigation of Ukrainian language history, the Ukrainian and Rusyn historical dialectology, the language of the Bachka-Srem Rusyns, the Ukrainian and Ruthenian Studies in Hungary, the Ukrainian-Hungarian and the Rusyn-Hungarian interlingual contacts, the identification, study and publication of the ancient Eastern and South Slavic written monuments; it was he who brought back to the science the forgotten linguists, historians, and other cultural figures. A significant contribution to the «rehabilitation» of the scientific activity of the scientist Antony (Antal) Hodinka belongs to Professor Udvari. A. Hodinka (1864–1946) is a famous historian, philologist, folklorist, publicist, and educator. He made a significant contribution to the development of Transcarpathia and Hungary's history and culture, particularly the history of the Greek Catholic Church, Hungarian-Slavic and Hungarian-Eastern Slavic historical and interlingual contacts. With the accession of Transcarpathia to the Soviet Union, with the ban on the functioning of the Greek Catholic Church, the activity of A. Hodinka was forgotten for many decades. The article aims to investigate and properly evaluate the scientific heritage of A. Hodinka through István Udvari's scientific research. Keywords: István Udvari, University of Nyíregyháza, history of Transcarpathia, prominent figures of Transcarpathia, Antony Hodinka.

Dominant Consumer Attitudes in the Sharing Economy—A Representative Study in Hungary

As a result of the digital revolution, new business models are emerging, and one of the most dynamic is the sharing economy. In many cases, the strategic communication of sharing economy firms is linked to current socio-economic trends, such as digital innovation, consumers’ empowerment, experience gaining (instead of stock), environmental awareness, and community building. In our research (a nationwide representative sample of 3520), we aimed to determine how open the Hungarian population is toward sharing economy services. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between openness and consumers’ socio-demographic factors, attitudes related to the current consumer trends and Internet usage habits. As a result, we found that 38.4% of the Hungarian population is open toward sharing economy services. From a socio-demographic point of view, wealthy, metropolitan, family-oriented, educated, and younger people are more open toward sharing activities. In terms of consumer attitudes, people who take risks, like having a social life, are environmentally and health conscious, spend their leisure time actively, enjoy quality things, and have a positive attitude toward digitalization are more open to using the sharing economy services. As a final result of the regression modeling, we found that the examined consumer attitudes and Internet usage habits determine openness, but socio-demographic factors largely lose their significant effect, except for generation and wealth, in the case of the integrated model. Our results show that a well-defined and relatively large segment is open to the sharing economy, and sharing economy companies could target them directly to achieve a more sustainable environment.

A Survey of the Interrelation Between Sports and Persistence Among Students in Five Countries

The goal of our survey has been to reveal the interrelation between students’ doing sports and the subjective indicators of their persistence in their studies in Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, and Romania. In the neighboring countries, the students of ethnic Hungarian, minority institutions were involved in the research. The theoretical background for our research was constituted by the development model as well as the institutional integrational model. For the analyses, we used the database of Center for Higher Education Research and Development, Hungary ( N = 2017). Our results contradict the integrational model, as membership in a sports club reduces the persistence of the student concerned, regardless of the gender, the home country of the student’s institution, and the effects of the major social background variables.

Revoking the MA in Gender Studies in Hungary and Right-Wing Populist Rhetoric

Revoking the MA in Gender Studies in Hungary and Right-Wing Populist Rhetoric

Transient nature of riverbank filtered drinking water supply systems - A new challenge of natural radioactivity assessment

In Hungary the drinking water supply is mainly based on groundwater, in which radionuclides are common components. Since the mobility of the most common radionuclides, uranium and radium, is strongly influenced by the geochemical conditions, knowledge on the geochemical parameters of water is required. This depends on the flow system and the flow regime. Therefore, hydrogeology has a crucial role in revealing the origin of elevated activity concentrations. This research presents a case study in Hungary where the drinking water supply is provided by bank filtered and karst wells. In most of the wells of the research area the gross alpha values are above the screening level, 0.1 Bq L−1. The aim of this study is to determine which radionuclides may cause the elevated radioactivity and explain their occurrence using the hydrogeological approach. All samples of the study were analysed for (U-238+U-234), Ra-226, Rn-222. Alpha spectrometry applied on Nucfilm discs was used to measure the uranium and radium activity while radon activity was determined by liquid scintillation. The study revealed the correlation between the river water level fluctuation and the uranium content of the wells. The results of this study highlighted the transient nature of river bank filtered systems, which should be taken into account in the monitoring and water supply strategy.

Occurrence of internal diseases in the premotor phase of Parkinson’s disease by analyzing a large database covering a whole population

Abstract The premotor phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD) precedes the appearance of motor symptoms by years. Many non-motor diseases have been associated with an increased risk of developing PD, but results of these studies are conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of certain internal diseases (metabolic, circulatory, gastrointestinal) based on diagnosis codes, before the diagnosis of PD. There were 5209 patients included in the study who received diagnosis of PD at least in 2 years and we analyzed data retrospectively between 2004 and 2016. Out of metabolic diseases dyslipidemia (41%) and diabetes mellitus (32%), out of circulatory diseases hypertension (89%) and ischemic heart disease (51%) and out of gastrointestinal diseases gastroesophageal reflux disease (51%) and gallstones (25%) were the first two most common disorders in the examined PD patients. This is the first study in Hungary which analyzed PD in a large database in the context of internal diseases, and raised the possibility of a link between dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, gastooesophagial reflux, gallstones and PD.

The politics of fiscal consolidation and reform under external constraints in the European periphery: comparative study of Hungary and Latvia

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the diverse experiences of fiscal consolidation under external constraints in Hungary and Latvia. The financial crisis that hit in the early years of the twenty-first century had a profound effect on the economies of many EU member states. The responses, however, were diverse. Some countries, such as Latvia, implemented deep consolidation within a relatively short amount of time, while retaining political stability. Other countries, such as Hungary, went through an extensive period of fiscal consolidation, and experienced a significant shift in domestic politics. This paper looks at the factors explaining the variety of responses to the crisis.

Еміль Балецький - дослідник закарпатських українських говорів (другий етап наукової діяльності) До 100-річчя від дня народження

Emil Baleczky (his pseudonyms: E. Latorchanin, O. Vyshchak, and his cryptonym: E. A.) is one of the most prominent personalities in the history of Ukrainian studies in Hungary in the twentieth century. His main scientific interests include Transcarpathian dialectology and historical lexicology of the Ukrainian language. The second stage of the scientist's professional carrier is connected with the University of Budapest, where in 1951, Emil Baleczky was appointed head of the Department of the Russian Language at the Institute of Foreign Languages, and at the same time assistant professor of the Russian Institute at the University. Among the scientific interests of Emil Baleczky was the investigation of lexical units commonly used in Transcarpathia, first of all, in terms of their etymology. Among the achievements of the researcher, special attention must be paid to Emil Baleczky's attempt to determine the origin of some borrowed words, including those originally Slavic, which are common in the Carpathian Ukrainian dialects. Emil Baleczky performed a deep etymological and lingual-geographical analysis of the word урик, урюк, орек in the Ukrainian language, that of the word дюг widespread in Precarpathian Ukrainian, Polish, and Slovakian dialects, and also that of the noun kert in Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialects. The author devoted a separate paper to the study of the origin of dialecticisms like фотляк, csulka ~ csurka, бôшн’ак, булґар’, валах, ґириґ, тôўт, and циганин, investigated the etymology of the terms of national dishes widespread in Carpathian Ukrainian dialects, in particular of the token бáник. He considered the role of the Old Church Slavonic language in the history of the Carpathian Ukrainian dialects. According to his contemporaries, it is known that Emil Baleczky did not maintain official connections with the Soviet Transcarpathians but was surprisingly well-informed about the scientific processes in his native land. He analyzed the works contained in the two editions of the Dialectological Collection of Uzhgorod State University. In addition to examining the issues raised, Baleczky complemented, specified, and sometimes criticized the achievements of his colleagues, which indicates his deep knowledge of Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology. Thus, we can state that Emil Baleczky's works testify the high professionalism of the author, his profound knowledge in the field of synchronic and diachronic dialectology. The love of Transcarpathian dialects inspired the researcher to study them thoroughly as well as to present the research results to the general public of Slavists. The main area of Emil Baleczky's scientific interest until the end of his life was Ukrainian linguistics, particularly Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology. The aim of this paper is to present the Emil Baleczky's achievements in the field of Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology, focusing on the period from 1957 to 1979.

Cutaneotrichosporon suis sp. nov., a lipolytic yeast species from food and food-related environment.

Two conspecific yeast strains, which based on DNA sequence comparisons represented an undescribed species in the order Trichosporonales were isolated during two independent studies in Hungary and France. One of them (NCAIM Y.02224) was recovered from minced pork in Hungary while the other one (UBOCC-A-218003) was isolated from the air of a dairy plant in France. The two strains shared identical nucleotide sequences in the D1/D2 domain of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Analysis of the concatenated DNA sequences for the ITS region and D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene indicated that the novel species belongs to the recently erected genus Cutaneotrichosporon. According to sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, the novel species is most closely related to Cutaneotrichosporon curvatum (formerly Cryptococcus curvatus), which is often associated with humans and warm-blooded animals. The physiological characteristics of this novel species are also very similar to that of Cutaneotrichosporon curvatum. The only clear-cut difference is that, unlike C. curvatum, the novel species does not utilize imidazole as a nitrogen-source. The species name Cutaneotrichosporon suis sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the above-noted two strains.

NDVI dynamics as reflected in climatic variables: spatial and temporal trends – a case study of Hungary

Understanding climate change and revealing its future paths on a local level is a great challenge for the future. Beside the expanding sets of available climatic data, satellite images provide a valuable source of information. In our study we aimed to reveal whether satellite data are an appropriate way to identify global trends, given their shorter available time range. We used the CARPATCLIM (CC) database (1961–2010) and the MODIS NDVI images (2000–2016) and evaluated the time period covered by both (2000–2010). We performed a regression analysis between the NDVI and CC variables, and a time series analysis for the 1961–2008 and 2000–2008 periods at all data points. The results justified the belief that maximum temperature (TMAX), potential evapotranspiration and aridity all have a strong correlation with the NDVI; furthermore, the short period trend of TMAX can be described with a functional connection with its long period trend. Consequently, TMAX is an appropriate tool as an explanatory variable for NDVI spatial and temporal variance. Spatial pattern analysis revealed that with regression coefficients, macro-regions reflected topography (plains, hills and mountains), while in the case of time series regression slopes, it justified a decreasing trend from western areas (Transdanubia) to eastern ones (The Great Hungarian Plain). This is an important consideration for future agricultural and land use planning; i.e. that western areas have to allow for greater effects of climate change.

Kurdish Students’ Motivation to Study in Hungary

The present study intends to explore the motivation of Kurdish students to study in Hungary. To answer the query of the study; an in-depth qualitative interview method was employed. Nine higher education level students (BA, MA or PhD), five males and four females who are studying at four different universities in Hungary were interviewed. Individual face to face interviews were organised to engage into the details of what could be achieved from the participants and to discover their study experiences deeply. Based on the collected data outcomes; a process model of Kurdish student motivation to study in Hungary was designed which identifies the main stages of their motivational behavior in a process way from the initial wishes to accomplishments. The findings reveal that several reasons have impacts on responders` decision making and the choice of country. Also, the participants are highly motivated on their studies because of the future accomplishments they could gain as the result of pursuing their studies abroad and getting an international qualification.

Kurdish Students’ Motivation to Study in Hungary

The present study intends to explore the motivation of Kurdish students to study in Hungary. To answer the query of the study; an in-depth qualitative interview method was employed. Nine higher education level students (BA, MA or PhD), five males and four females who are studying at four different universities in Hungary were interviewed. Individual face to face interviews were organised to engage into the details of what could be achieved from the participants and to discover their study experiences deeply. Based on the collected data outcomes; a process model of Kurdish student motivation to study in Hungary was designed which identifies the main stages of their motivational behavior in a process way from the initial wishes to accomplishments. The findings reveal that several reasons have impacts on responders` decision making and the choice of country. Also, the participants are highly motivated on their studies because of the future accomplishments they could gain as the result of pursuing their studies abroad and getting an international qualification

Bernát Munkácsi and Finno-ugric studies in Hungary at the turn of 19–20 centuries.

The article presents a chronology of scientific research of the Hungarian linguist and ethnographerб who studied Finno-Ugric peoples – Bernát Munkácsi (1860–1937). The first scientific trip of B. Munkácsi took place in the summer of 1880 to the Hungarians speaking the Csángó dialect in Moldova province. The route of the expedition in 1885 led him to different ethnographic groups of the Udmurts. The longest trip was taken in 1888 to the Northern Urals and Western Siberia to the Ob-Ugric peoples. A special place is occupied by the analysis of his collecting work among prisoners of war during the First world war. The author of the fundamental volumes of folk poetry and ethnographic texts about Udmurts and Mansi, Munkácsi went down in the history of Finno-Ugric studies as one of the pioneers of field research and a humanist.

A study of retrospective and concurrent foreign language learning experiences: A comparative interview study in Hungary

Despite the fact that the influence of learning experiences on foreign language learning motivation has been widely acknowledged and emphasised, there are hardly any studies concentrating on these learning experiences. Hence, the aim of this study is to map the language learning experiences of former and current language learners in order to provide a detailed account of the possible components of the foreign language learning experience. Data were collected with the help of a qualitative interview schedule involving 22 language learners in two subsamples. Ten participants are English language teachers as former foreign language learners, while 12 students, current learners of English, have also been recruited. The most important result of our study is that foreign language learning experience seems to be a complex construct including immediate and present aspects as well as self-related components and attributions. Language learning success, the teacher’s personality, contact experiences, as well as attitudes towards the L2 seem to stand out as important components for both groups of learners. Apart from discussing the differences and similarities between retrospective and concurrent experiences, we will provide pedagogical and research-related implications as well.

Epidemiology and resistance trends of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from vaginal samples: a 10-year retrospective study in Hungary

The vaginal flora is a complex microbial environment. The disruption of this niche usually leads to a pathological state and symptoms in patients. Aerobic vaginitis is a distinct form of vaginal inflammation, mainly caused by aerobic/facultative anaerobic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and members of the Enterobacteriaceae). This study describes the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of S. aureus isolated from vaginal samples from females at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Hungary. This retrospective study was carried out using data collected at the Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center (University of Szeged) corresponding to a 10-year period (2008-2017). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method and gradient diffusion, using EUCAST interpretative standards. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected on mannitol salt agar using cefoxitin disks, the PBP2' Latex Agglutination Test Kit, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The median age of affected patients was 31 years. Most (93.95%) of the samples received were vaginal swabs. A total of 3,356 individual isolates were recorded (335.6 ± 89.10/year, range: 213-480 isolates). In 91.4% of samples, S. aureus was the only pathogen isolated. The highest levels of resistance were detected against erythromycin (11.11 ± 3.65%, range: 6.76-17.17%) and clindamycin (10.85 ± 3.36%, range: 6.49-15.54%), whereas resistance rates against doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and gentamicin were much lower (0-4.48%). Susceptibility to cefoxitin was observed in 97.79% of the isolates; 74 strains were MRSA. All MRSA strains were susceptible to the antibiotics used for therapy for multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infections. A slow and steady increase in resistance levels could be observed (mainly corresponding to MRSA isolates). Although the present resistance trends are still advantageous (compared to European resistance levels) and do not hinder adequate therapy, continuous surveillance of resistance levels is recommended. Macrolides and clindamycin should be used with caution, and, if available, only when susceptibility to these drugs has been verified.

A költség - haszon elv stratégiája Tudomány határok nélkül – brazil hallgatók Magyarországon

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER The Brazilian government established the Science Without Borders scholarship programme, in the scope of which it was allowed for students to study for a year at foreign universities. Hungary was the first of the Central European countries to join the programme, thus the offer of Hungarian higher education institutions appeared alongside the offers of the universities of the largest countries. With regard to the future, we found it important to learn how foreign people see us Hungarians, what they think about our education system, to what extent the structure and standards of our education complies with international expectations, what our strengths are, and which areas that still face a number of challenges. METHODOLOGY The first part of the study introduces the Science Without Borders scholarship programme. Then, in the course of the scientific literature review, the main attributes of the three poles of international student mobility – the Pacific, Iberian and Central European poles – are discussed. Following the introduction of the topics of the questionnaire survey, the obtained findings will be presented. The questionnaire was processed through an SPSS-based statistical data analysis. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS The present article describes the cost of subsistence of Brazilian students who pursue their higher education studies in Hungary. Through the analysis of costs, we managed to answer the question whether the scholarship provided to students covered all of their needs. Our research results supported our hypothesis according to which students prioritize their ability to study under more favourable financial circumstances, thus potential scholarships and the amount of living costs played an important role in the choice of the given training. RECOMMENDATIONS Financing education is a long-term investment in all countries of the world; its return is not quantifiable, or at least difficult to be measured through numbers. Beyond financially measurable profits, international mobility must represent much greater values, such as openness and understanding through becoming familiar with various cultures, development of critical thinking, and the improvement of skills. The choice of studying abroad is a very complex process, thus mapping the motivations behind student mobility will continue to open up numerous areas of research in the future.