Medical College Students Research Articles

Oxaluria in inflammatory bowel diseases (review)

AIM: to analyse and synthesize Russian and foreign literature, to get acquainted with the concept of oxaluria, its types, transport mechanisms of oxalate transport in the intestine and the relationship between hyperoxaluria and inflammatory bowel diseases in order to identify possible options for therapeutic action on the mechanisms of development of these pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the literature review was based on the Internet data, including bibliographic directories, books, journals, and original articles. The literature sources used for the article reflect the essence of the described problem to the fullest extent possible and can be useful for both practicing physicians and students of medical universities. RESULTS: the gastrointestinal tract through epithelial transport of oxalate plays an exclusive role in oxalate homeostasis and hyperoxaluria. Metabolism of dietary oxalate and the formation of endogenous oxalate, its secretion, absorption, transport and biodegradation by intestinal microflora may influence the excretion of this compound by the kidneys. Knowledge of the interrelated relationships of the gut-kidney axis, mechanisms of transport, transport and biodegradation of oxalate, especially in inflammatory bowel disease, is of great importance for understanding the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria as a risk factor for urinary stone formation with a point of pharmacological action in the gut. This literature review introduces the concept and forms of oxaluria, shows the classification of oxaluria, describes each form, and broadly explains the metabolism and mechanisms of oxalate transport in the human body. Special attention is given to intestinal hyperoxaluria and anion exchangers belonging to the large multifunctional SLC26 gene family, most of which are expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The authors emphasise their current role in intestinal oxalate transport, as well as methods of possible drug action on the mechanisms of hyperoxaluria. CONCLUSION: a multidisciplinary approach is needed to address the problems of intestinal hyperoxaluria and, consequently, the treatment of urolithiasis. The role of newly identified intestinal and renal anion exchangers is not fully understood, hence the targets and mechanisms of action on these types of exchangers with the possibility of preventing the development of urolithiasis are not fully understood. Further randomised studies on the problem under investigation are needed.

Future healthcare professionals on working conditions in Poland: perspective of medical university students.

Students of medical universities, future employees, will have an impact on the shaping healthcare system. It is important to know and understand their opinions on the factors affecting working conditions and, consequently, changes necessary to improve effectiveness of health care. Students' expectations can contribute to the changing working conditions for graduates and bring added value to health system redefinition. The study used factor analysis to check whether its use was justified. Reliability analysis was performed and structure indicators were determined for each question. The anonymous survey was conducted from September 2017 until March 2018; 1205 students were randomly selected for the sample. Eighty percent of the students declared interest in healthcare changes, >50% reported that the main factors influencing the work were competencies, financing, medical equipment and organization. Over 90% of the respondents indicated too long wait times for an appointment with a specialist and admission to hospital as the reason for the low efficiency of healthcare, whereas >80% of the survey participants considered insufficient funding to be a barrier. The need for changing the financing scheme was underlined by >90% of the students, and of health priorities by about 80%. Approximately 71% of the respondents were in favour of limiting the role of government in decision-making processes and introducing changes into the education system. Students' views on organizational and financial factors of working conditions can contribute to improvement in systemic solutions at both micro and macro levels. Limiting the role of politicians in planning and implementing reforms can motivate employees to be more creative and decisive. Analysis of opinions can bring added value to health policy and systemic changes and should be extended by further research results after the COVID-19 pandemic. Students' interest in healthcare reform encourages reflection on enriching education with managerial skills. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(4):321-332.

Alcohol use and dysfunctional beliefs in students

The article presents the results of a study of dysfunctional beliefs of senior medical university students who consume alcohol (199 people in total). To diagnose patterns of alcohol use, the corresponding fragment of the M.I.N.I. 5.0.0 questionnaire was used. Dysfunctional beliefs were diagnosed by means of an adapted version of Jeffrey Young’s YSQ. Statistical data analysis was performed using the computer program STATISTICA 5.0. At the time of the study, 66.8% of the sample consumed alcohol with varying regularity (the study group), while 33.2% did not drink alcohol (the control group). Compared with the control group, the study group showed significantly higher values for the following deep beliefs: helplessness, unattractiveness, suppression of emotions and needs.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Prevention Practice towards Scabies among Haramaya University Health and Medical Science Students, Harar, Ethiopia 2022

Background: Scabies is a skin disease caused by infestation and sensitization to Sarcoptes scabies mites and is an endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a common skin infestation, endemic in developing countries, usually affecting families and large groups of people living together. Objective: The study was aimed to assess Knowledge, attitude, and prevention practice towards scabies among Haramaya university health and medical science students, Harar, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: Institutional -based Cross-sectional study was conducted from April 25- May 21, 2022 among 417 randomly selected students. Self-administered questioner was used to collect data. The collected data was entered into SPSS version 22 for analysis. Descriptive and analytic data was used to present the finding. Result: Approximately 62.85% of the students demonstrated a high understanding of scabies, encompassing its transmission, symptoms, and prevention methods. Conversely, 6.1% exhibited poor knowledge. A finding of attitudes towards scabies among students only 36.7% demonstrating good attitude towards the condition. The data provided underscores a significant variation in scabies prevention practices among students with 65.8% exhibiting good practices. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of continuous education and awareness programs to enhance knowledge and attitudes, which in turn can lead to better practices. It also underscores the need for targeted interventions to address the gaps identified in both knowledge levels and attitudes to foster a more proactive approach to scabies prevention and management. The findings serve as a valuable benchmark for the university and health authorities to develop tailored strategies that can improve health outcomes related to scabies within the community.

Competency Approach in Nurse Training

In the current conditions of market relations, especially in the context of reforming the medical education system, it is necessary to change the quality of training of specialists in order to train demanded and competitive graduates of secondary vocational educational institutions using a competency approach. The competence approach contributes to the orientation of the young specialist to obtain theoretical knowledge, increasing the level of practical knowledge that a graduate of a medical college should have and his ability to master in the labor market. The opinion of medical college students about the knowledge and practical skills required by the graduate is important. To this end, a questionnaire survey of 84 medical college students was conducted. First-year students do not yet have a clear idea of ​ ​ the competence approach in the learning process and the importance of not only theoretical knowledge, but also clinical disciplines, practical communication skills. Students of the 3rd year have already formed an opinion about the importance of all subjects and motivation for future professional training. The introduction of a competency approach in the training of nurses makes it possible to conduct the educational process at a qualitative level, contributing to the training of highly qualified, competitive specialists in the medical labor market.

Study on association of dry eye disease (DED) with visual display terminal (VDT) use among medical college students

To study the prevalence of Dry Eye Disease (DED) among undergraduate medical students using Visual Display Terminal (VDT). : Cross-sectional study was conducted on 444 students at Medical college Hospital in the department of Ophthalmology. All the consented study participants, after ruling out the exclusion criterion, underwent dry eye workup which included routine slit lamp examination and Tear film break up time (TBUT). In this study, TBUT ≤ 10 seconds was considered abnormal. They were asked to fill out an OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) questionnaire (Allergen Inc, Irvine, Calif, USA). The participants were asked to answer questions related to VDT use. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software (IBM). Based on the OSDI questionnaire, clinically significant DED was found in 28.8%. DED was classified as mild DED in 17.1%, moderate DED in 6.3% and severe DED in 5.4% of the participants. Among those with DED, VDT use was 2 to 4 hours in 29% of the participants, VDT > 4 hours was seen in 32.7% of participants. Thereby, indicating that increase in VDT use had an association with increase in prevalence of DED. DED based on signs (TBUT< or = 5 sec) was observed in 86.3% of participants.: There is a statistically significant association between VDT use and DED among young students.

Knowledge and Awareness of Risk Factors for HIV Infection and about HIV Testing among Medical Students in Warsaw.

The number of late diagnoses of HIV remains very high in Poland, leading to a high proportion of patients developing and dying of HIV-related diseases. The main reason for this is the very low utilization of HIV testing. Our analyses aimed to investigate knowledge about the indications for HIV testing among medical university students, as well as identify their own HIV testing experiences. A cross-sectional survey study was designed to collect information on the students' demographics and their experiences of HIV testing, as well as their knowledge of virus transmission and the indications for testing. Data were collected as part of the HIV_week@WUM project conducted at the Medical University of Warsaw in parallel with the 18th European AIDS Conference, which took place in Warsaw between 18 and 21 October 2023. In total, 545 questionnaires were collected. The median age of the study participants was 20 (interquartile range (IQR): 19-22 years). The majority of respondents were as follows: women (67.5%), born in Poland (97.8%), and were attending the medical faculty (56.7%). Only 114 (21.43%) participants had ever been tested for HIV. For all modes of HIV transmission, most of the respondents overestimated the risk of acquiring HIV, but, at the same time, they had never been tested for HIV. Only one in five health sciences students has ever had a test for HIV, which is less than estimates for the general population of Warsaw. There is an ongoing need to popularize testing among future health care providers in order to address both the indications for testing for individuals and the better use of HIV testing in clinical practice.

Factors associated with acculturative stress among international medical students in an Egyptian university

BackgroundInternational students frequently face difficulties that are specific to the typical college experience, in addition to facing other factors of acculturative stress, including cultural differences, language barriers, and comfortability in accommodation.AimThe study aims to measure the prevalence of acculturative stress among first-year international students enrolled at Faculty of Medicine in an Egyptian University and aims to reveal the factors that are associated with acculturative stress in these students.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 international students in the academic year 2021–2022, using the Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students (ASSIS). The factors associated with acculturative stress were examined using the following criteria: comfort in accommodation, student adjustment to college, language proficiency, and academic pressure.ResultsThis study showed that 28.7% of the international students were “above the warning sign” of acculturative stress (above 109). The major stressors of acculturative stress among international students were the non-specific concerns, homesickness, and perceived discrimination, while the least reported stressors were fear and guilt. International students who scored in the “above the warning sign” in the (ASSIS) were mostly females (35.3%) and non-Arab students (37.8%). Having a friend or a family member living in Egypt significantly reduced the level of acculturative stress. Moreover, the ASSIS total score showed a negative correlation with the scores for overall language proficiency, comfort in accommodation, academic adjustment, and student adjustment to college.ConclusionAcculturative stress among the studied groups is influenced by several factors, including nationality, English and Arabic language proficiency, academic adjustment, and comfort of living. That being said, the most significant stressor is the country of origin, which is defined in terms of nationality or language proficiency. Consequently, resources that ensure the sustainability and growth of international students throughout their educational process must be made available to a multicultural environment in order to support and retain those students.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Features of adolescent health in the Belgorod region

Adolescence is acritical transition period in life. During this period, physical, emotional and psychological changes occur that can greatly affect the development and future life of ateenager. Comprehensive health care for adolescents requires joint efforts of the state, medical institutions, educational institutions and the public. We analyzed the health status of Medical College students, their heredity, socio-economic history, attitude towards bad habits and the consequences of their use using an anonymous survey. The results of the study: adolescents assess their state of health as good and satisfactory in 91% of cases; Only aquarter of respondents noted the presence of chronic diseases; Most teenagers have anegative attitude towards smoking and drinking alcohol.

Morphofunctional indicators of the body students of the medical university

Introduction. The period of adolescence accounts for the completion of the growth processes of the body, and the beginning of stabilization of functional indicators, which, as more plastic factors, are more sensitive to environmental conditions. Measuring, evaluating, and predicting morphofunctional parameters of the body of medical university students, taking into account regional standards of physical development, is one of the priorities of modern medicine and scientific research in general.The aim of the study is to study the features of anthropometric and functional characteristics, vegetotype of medical university students in comparison with the current regional standard.Materials and methods. Anthropometric and functional parameters were measured in 300 medical students (77 males, 223 females), aged 19,1±0,88 years.Results. It is shown that anthropometric characteristics of students significantly exceed the regional standard, in boys it is body length (p<0,01), and weight-height ratio (p<0,05), in girls it is body length, chest circumference and weight-height ratio (p<0,01). Cardiointervalography parameters revealed 4,01 % vagotonics, 88,33 % eutonics and 7,62 % sympathotonics, a significant difference (p<0,01) was also found in linear cardiointervalogram parameters in cohorts of these vegetotypes. Functional indices in absolute terms revealed compliance with the regional standard only in vital capacity of lungs, carpal dynamometry is significantly lower than the standard, in girls (p<0,01), boys (p<0,05), haemodynamics in terms of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate significantly (p<0,01) exceeds the reference values. Integral functional indices: vital index, vegetative index, minute volume of respiration differ significantly by sex (p<0,05); Kerdo index, minute volume of blood circulation showed a significant difference by vegetotype (p<0,05); pulse pressure showed a significant difference by sex and vegetotype (p<0,01).Conclusion. The studies showed statistically significant excesses relative to the regional standard in young men in body length (p<0,01) and mass-height ratio (p<0,05), in chest circumference in girls (p<0,01); in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in boys and girls (p<0,01). Absolute and integral indices of cardio-respiratory system are significantly higher in sympathotonics than in vagotonics. Young men, relative to girls, demonstrate higher absolute, linear values of cardiointervalogram (p<0,01), in the whole population these indices are within the range of norm of the regional standard. Among students the majority 88,33 % have normotonic type of ANS. The obtained results, in our opinion, show the need for systematic monitoring of objective morphofunctional state of modern youth.

Simulation Training in Medicine: Innovative Technologies as a New Approach to Training

In order to modernize medical education at Grodno State Medical University, methods using modern simulation technologies were included in the curriculum of medical universities. One of the innovative approaches to improving the quality of training for students of medical universities is the creation of a simulation and certification center.

Dynamics of Satisfaction with the Simulation Course on Basic Medical Manipulations

This study presents a comparative analysis of the survey data of the 2nd year medical university students who completed a simulation course on basic medical manipulations for the period from 2018 to 2023. The purpose of the study is to assess changes in students' perception and satisfaction with this course, as well as to identify trends and factors influencing their opinion. The study highlights the importance of regular monitoring and evaluation of educational programs to ensure that they meet the needs of students and improve the quality of medical education.

Оценка профессиональной готовности студентов медицинского колледжа к работе в системе здравоохранения (по материалам социологического исследования)

Введение. Дефицит квалифицированных кадров среднего медицинского персонала в отечественном здравоохранении ощущается особенно остро: по оценкам Минздрава РФ осенью 2023 г. нехватка специалистов среднего звена в государственных медицинских организациях составила около 50 тыс. чел. Цель. Оценка готовности студентов медицинского колледжа к работе по выбранной профессии после окончания колледжа. Методы. Одномерный, двухмерный и сравнительный анализ. Онлайн-опрос проведен в марте–апреле 2023 г.; всего опрошено 2358 чел. В основу исследования лег принцип достижимой выборки, составившей 17,2 %. Ошибка выборки составила 1,84 %, что позволяет утверждать о достаточно высокой степени надежности полученных данных. Результаты. Представлен анализ профессиональной готовности студентов медицинского колледжа к работе в государственной системе здравоохранения. Заявили о такой готовности 63,8 % опрошенных. На формирование профессиональной готовности наиболее существенное воздействие оказывает качество образовательной среды. Незначительное воздействие – психологическая мотивация выбора медицинской профессии и трудовая занятость студентов в период обучения. Научная новизна. Субъективные оценки профессиональной готовности студентов к работе в здравоохранении являются важным индикатором качества подготовки будущих специалистов. Практическая значимость. Учет выявленных в ходе исследования факторов, оказывающих влияние на готовности студентов к будущей профессиональной деятельности, дает возможность корректировать основные направления профориентационной работы в колледже и добиваться высокого уровня трудоустройства выпускников по полученной специальности. Introduction. The shortage of qualified paramedical personnel in domestic healthcare is particularly acute: according to estimates from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in the fall of 2023, the shortage of mid-level specialists in state medical organisations amounted to about 50 thousand people. Aim. Assessment of the professional readiness of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College to work in the healthcare system. Methods. Univariate, bivariate and comparative analysis. The online survey was conducted in March-April 2023; a total of 2358 people were surveyed. The study was based on the principle of an attainable sampling of 17.2%. The sampling error was 1.84%, which suggests a fairly high degree of reliability of the data obtained. Results. An analysis of the professional readiness of medical college students to work in the public health care system is presented. 63.8% of respondents declared such readiness. The quality of the educational environment has the most significant impact on the formation of professional readiness. Minor impact – psychological motivation for choosing a medical profession and students’ employment during the training period. Scientific novelty. Subjective assessments of students’ professional readiness to work in healthcare are an important indicator of the quality of training of future specialists. Practical significance. Taking into consideration the identified factors that have an impact on students’ readiness for future professional activities makes it possible to adjust the main directions of career guidance work in college and ultimately achieve a high level of employment of graduates in their specialty.

The Importance of a Detailed Explanation by a Teacher of the Algorithm of Actions in an Emergency Situation in Simulation Training for the Formation of Sustainable Professional Competence of Medical University Students

The study involved 51 students divided into 2 groups, trained in the algorithm of emergency care for acute coronary syndrome on the virtual patient simulator "BodyInteract". The first group (30 students) followed the algorithm without explanations from the teacher, the second (21 students) — with detailed explanations and the opportunity to ask questions. After 2 months, the assessment on the checklist showed that students with explanations were 5-10% more effective than those who did not receive explanations.

Features of the Formation of the Practical Skill of Conducting Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Undergraduate Students of Medical Universities

The conducted single-center prospective study of the formation of practical skills for performing basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation demonstrated high results in eduction using phantom simulation techniques. At the same time, the terms and volumes of reduction of the performance skill in the absence of periodic repeated training are determined.

Development of Professional Competencies of Mid-Level Medical Personnel among Students of Medical Colleges through Team Trainings with Distribution of Roles Together with Students of the Medical University

To develop professional competencies of mid-level medical personnel, team trainings with role distribution together with students of the medical university were used for students of medical colleges. As a result, it was revealed that practicing isolated practical skills is insufficient for developing high-range professional competence. Team trainings allow forming real professional competencies of both medical and mid-level medical personnel, allowing to adjust and consolidate technical and non-technical skills.

Understanding Self-medication Trends in First-year Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Objectives: The objective is to explore self-medication perceptions and practices among 1st year undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1st-year medical students in a private college in North Karnataka. A prevalidated questionnaire assessing self-medication perceptions and practices was administered to 176 participants through Google Forms. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Nearly half of our study participants (52.3%) reported engaging in self-medication. The common sources of information included previous experience/prescriptions (43.8%) and advice from parents/friends (41.5%). Reasons for self-medication included perceiving the illness as nonsevere (82.4%) and time-saving (10.8%). The most common conditions prompting self-medication were the common cold (29%), fever (25.6%), and pain (18.8%). Analgesics (28.4%) and antipyretics (27.3%) were the most commonly used drug classes. Conclusion: The relatively lower prevalence of self-medication among 1st-year medical students in this study may be attributed to factors such as the targeted focus on this specific demographic, limited availability of self-medication resources in hostels, and foundational training emphasizing evidence-based medicine principles. However, concerns arise regarding the use of alternative medicine systems like Ayurveda, potentially leading to herb–drug interactions. To address these issues, structured educational initiatives, regulatory enforcement, and improved access to health-care consultations are crucial for promoting rational medication use and mitigating self-medication risks among medical students.

Social Media Addiction and its Association with Sleep Quality Among Medical Students in A Medical College In Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Medical students' social media addiction disrupts and lowers sleep quality, hurting their everyday life and academic performance, stressing the need for effective ways to promote their well-being and achievement. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of social media addiction and to find out the association with sleep quality among medical students in private medical college. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving 792 MBBS students from a private medical college in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, utilized the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) to assess social media addiction and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality. Data were collected through a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 25. Results: The study revealed a 17.7% prevalence of social media addiction among medical students, significantly associated with poor sleep quality, female gender, and morning social media use. Other factors included dependence on social media for updates, more than three hours of daily use, eye discomfort, Snapchat use, compulsion to post at least six photos and subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, duration, disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and Daytime dysfunction. Conclusions: Research demonstrates a significant correlation between social media addiction and poor sleep quality among medical students, highlighting the need for focused interventions and awareness activities to counteract its harmful influence.

Study of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance at Engineering and Medical Universities

The relevance of this study is related to the breadth of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method application in modern engineering and medical technologies. The purpose of the work is to adapt the material using the NMR method for students of medical, engineering and socio-humanitarian specialties and areas of study at different levels of presentation. The novelty of the research is as follows: the elements of knowledge for explaining the NMR method are highlighted; three levels of NMR explanation are justified and defined – classical and two quantum (qualitative and quantitative). The following methods have been used in the work: analysis and generalization of scientific, educational and methodological literature (on the content of the NMR method, nuclear spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging, the main professional educational programs of specialties and areas of study for undergraduate and graduate students of engineering and medical universities); designing the content of educational material; designing teaching methods and methods. Specific results include the development of three levels of NMR study. The classical level is based on the concepts of the magnetic induction vector of a circular current and its rotation around the magnetic induction of a constant magnetic field with a certain frequency, resonant absorption of radio signal energy by the core when their frequencies coincide. Quantum levels of study operate with the concepts of the orbital and magnetic spins of the atomic nucleus, the gyromagnetic ratio, Larmor precession, splitting of the energy levels of the atomic nucleus, the Bohr magnetone, and resonant absorption of energy by the nucleus. The classical level is recommended for students of social and humanitarian fields who do not study pure physics. The quantum qualitative level is recommended for students of specialties and fields of study at medical and engineering universities who do not study quantum physics as a special discipline. For students of engineering specialties related to quantum technologies, and medical specialties “Pharmacy” and “Dentistry”, undergraduates studying medical technology, a quantum quantitative level is recommended. The material of this study is of practical importance in teaching students of engineering and medical universities the physical basics of modern methods and technologies. Keywords: nuclear magnetic resonance, physics course, difficulty levels, engineering university, medical university, production technologies, medical technologies

Vasyl Yakovych Danylevskyi's lecture on science, university and faculty selection (1921): annotated translation

Kharkiv National Medical University has the honor to present a series of lectures by the outstanding doctor of Kharkiv region Danylevskyi V.Ya., which for 100 years have not lost their relevance and can be a guideline for modern doctors and students of medical universities. In this abstract, we will briefly outline the advice of the author of the lecture to young doctors. Without a general scientific education, even a good practicing doctor will remain a narrow empiricist with a limited mental horizon. The student must complete the entire curriculum, because he cannot yet understand the suitability of the academic subjects in his future profession. The formalistic system of educational institutions suppresses higher educational interests, logic and scientific truth. Scientific successes bring people together and promote international communication based on knowledge and art, work and peace. True, mutual understanding covers only the cultural top of the population. Therefore, the democratization of science is necessary for the universal sharing of spiritual and material benefits. That is why they fought so hard for the development of the education of their people in European countries after the wars, and that is why the general rise of the cultural and political power of Japan began with the development of public education. Our physical and mental health depends on all conditions of human existence, starting with the mental and social state. That is why in all matters of physical, mental and social life, their organization and reform, the voice of the doctor should be highly respected. To earn such respect, the doctor must have great tact, understanding of people, and most importantly, great scientific knowledge. What should someone do who has already spent 2–3 years at medical school and then became convinced of his worthlessness? Of course, leaving medicine. Keywords: medical university, medical education, history of medicine.