Final-year Students Research Articles

Assessment of knowledge and usage of interdental aids among clinical dental students of a Neo capital region: A cross sectional survey

Brief Background - Dental floss is highly recommended interdental aid for tight contacts. Interdental brushes, on the other hand, are used for wider interdental spaces. Both the American Dental Association and the British Dental Association recommend using dental floss on a daily basis in conjunction to tooth brushing. The fact that dentists and clinical students do not routinely recommend dental floss to every patient can be attributed to a lack of emphasis on the subject in the dental curriculum. Hence this study was conducted with a purpose to assess the knowledge and use of interdental aids among clinical dental students. Materials and Methods - A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey consisting of 12 questions was carried out among third year, final-year students and interns of the dental institution in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Descriptive statistics were computed. Results - 19.3% of clinical dental students are unaware of any interdental aids. 51.4% stated that they are familiar with both dental floss and interdental brushes. According to 88.6% of those surveyed interdental aids should be utilized atleast once a week together with the toothpaste. Only a small proportion of students(15.7%) thought that regularly passing was required. Interdental aids are exclusively recommended to patients who have food impaction by the students, not to all patients. Conclusions - The study concluded that 92.1% of dental students are aware that interdental aids have a positive impact in the dental practice; yet they do not recommend them to every patient and do not use them themselves. Key Words - Dental floss, Dental students, Interdental, Tooth brush

Evaluation of the Career Stress Levels of Students Studying in the Field of Health Sciences and the Factors Affecting Them.

The aim of this study is to determine the future expectations and career opinions of students who are about to graduate in the field of health sciences. 
 The population of the study consists of final-year students studying in the departments of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, and vocational schools in the field of health sciences of foundations and state universities operating in Istanbul (N:1900). The sample of the study was formed by 581 faculty students (State: 369, Foundation: 212) and 488 SHMYO students (State: 359, Foundation: 129), and 56.26% (n:1069) of the population was reached.
 The research participants consisted of 32% male students (n:339) and 68% female students (n:730). In the conducted comparisons, significant differences were found in all three dimensions of career stress according to the field of study (p0.05). To reduce career stress in students, recommendations may include organizing career days with previous graduates and individuals working in high positions in the field, as well as carrying out joint projects and collaborations to increase university-industry cooperation.

Depression among medical students in Tunisia: Prevalence and associated factors.

Medical school is known for its lengthy process, which is both physically and emotionally draining. Students' mental balance would shrink as they progress in their medical training. A systematic review and meta-analysis reported that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students remained relatively constant at 27.2%. To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Tunisian medical students and evaluate its associated factors. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out in the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018, between April 2018 and July 2018 among 1138 medical students. Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Sixty-four percent (n = 728) of the participants had depressive symptoms, of which 266 (23.4%) met the criteria for mild, 271 (23.8%) for moderate, and 191 (16.8%) for severe depressive symptoms. Female gender, low socio-economic level, smoking habits and history of mental disorder, performing leisure and physical activities, satisfaction toward a career choice, and happiness perception were the main prognostic factors for depression among medical students. Although academic grades may not be considered a prognostic factor, final-year students appeared to be less depressive than their colleagues. These findings give insight into mental health issues and comorbidities among Tunisian medical students. It is a hopeful request for decision-makers and academic authorities to set serious measures and draw effective interventions to minimize the currency of psychological distress among this subpopulation.

International Posture Of Malaysian Learners In Arabic Programme

Language learners with a solid international posture are generally more willing to communicate in the foreign language they learn. However, studies on global posture could have been conducted better, especially for Arabic language learners. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level of readiness of students of Arabic studies programs in terms of international posture. This study uses a quantitative design by distributing online questionnaire instruments to 180 final-year students of the bachelor’s degree from three public universities in Malaysia, namely Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), and International Islamic University (UIA). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The results showed that students in tertiary Arabic Studies programs in Malaysia report that international posture is in the moderate range but relatively lower. Students need to capitalize on all these aspects, which will directly and indirectly contribute to better achievement in learning Arabic.

The Challenge of Funding on the Quality of Research in Nigeria

This study examined the challenge of finance in the quality of research among students of Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this study, three research questions and hypotheses were raised. The study adopted a descriptive research design with a sample size of 120 students based on availability. The data collected from the administration of the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The research questions were answered using simple percentages while multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses in SPSS 25 at a significant level of 0.05. The finding of the study revealed that there is a significant financial constraint on the quality of research among students of Delta State University Abraka. There is a significant effect of finance on the quality of research among the students and there is a significant source of fundraising for quality research among students of Delta State University Abraka. It was concluded that finance is the major challenge researchers encounter especially for final-year students who write projects as a requirement for high school, college, and university graduate degrees. It was recommended among others that the government and stakeholders should support final-year students with grants to help them in carrying out the research work.

Explorer la faisabilité, l’acceptabilité et la satisfaction d’un programme virtuel de mentorat par les pairs pour les étudiants et les étudiantes en soins infirmiers de premier cycle : une étude à méthodes mixtes

Final-year nursing students are known to face high levels of stress due to increased demands in academics and clinical practicum. In this study, a virtual peer mentoring program was pilot-tested, involving alumni as mentors. Using a mixed-methods approach, we sought to describe the acceptability, feasibility and satisfaction associated with the intervention. Study intervention involved: a) orientation, b) mindful self-compassion training workshop, and c) virtual mentorship interactions for nine months. Evaluation of study variables was done at the completion of training and at the end of the virtual peer mentoring program via self-reported questionnaires and interviews. The current virtual peer mentoring intervention was deemed acceptable, feasible and satisfactory to mitigate challenges for final-year nursing students. The virtual component of the study was considered to be convenient and appropriate, however, future mentoring interventions could be more effective by employing a form of mixed-contact involving both virtual and in-person interactions.

In response to the Saudi healthcare reform: a cross-sectional study of awareness of and attitudes toward the public health model among health students.

Saudi Arabia's health sector is experiencing a significant transformation toward an emphasis on the public health model. This model is a population-based approach to preventing and controlling disease, and its importance becomes evident during infectious outbreaks and pandemics, such as COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the awareness and attitudes of health students in Jazan toward the public health model. This study applied a cross-sectional online survey. Data were collected from 3-18 November 2020 using Google Forms. A convenience sampling method was used with a final sample of 425 participants. Most participants (71%) were aware of the public health model, with an average score of 11.36 out of 16. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between the awareness level of the public health model and participants' demographics, namely, gender, major of study, year of study, and prior training in public health. Participants who completed public health training (β = 0.220) had higher awareness scores than others. On the other hand, participants from public health (β = -0.342), medicine (β = 0.164), and nursing in Jazan (β = 0.128) had higher awareness of the public health model than the reference group (Nursing at Addayer College). Addayer is an area located in the rural northeast of the Jazan region. In addition, final-year students (β = 0.113) had higher awareness of the public health model than the reference group (year 2 pre-final students). Female participants (β = -0.142) had lower awareness of the public health model than male participants. Most participants (95.3%) believed that the clinical care and public health models are essential for promoting people's health. However, 4.7% of participants believed that clinical health care is more important than public health. Health students, who are future healthcare professionals, must understand and value the public health model to support the planned health system reforms. It is recommended to evaluate how the education and training of students in public health, medicine, and nursing in Jazan impact the understanding and views of this cohort on the public health model compared to those of students in other health-related majors.

Nursing students' attitude and perception toward machine translation for learning English medical terminologies

Nursing students must learn English medical terminologies since they must read and follow them to deliver patient care. Arab students highly use machine translation (MT) to understand those terminologies. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the attitude and perception towards MT for learning English medical terminologies among undergraduate nursing students in Saudi Arabia. This study used an exploratory study design and comprised all final-year nursing students of the undergraduate nursing program in Abha (n=80) and Muhayil (n=80) female campuses of King Khalid University (KKU), Saudi Arabia. Those students (N=160) were administered a self-structured online questionnaire, and 132 responded to the questionnaire. More than 95% agreed that MT tools were easy to use, fast, and saved time. Though, 81.1% required more training in using MT tools. Furthermore, 97.7% perceived that MT helped them learn English medical terminologies. More than 90% reported that MT helped them understand and memorize English medical terminologies. Most nursing students stated that MT boosted their confidence (94.7%) and improved the quality of learning (96.2%) concerning English medical terminologies. Nursing students of KKU presented a positive attitude and perception toward MT for learning English medical terminologies. Saudi nursing schools should provide adequate training in using MT tools to enhance their students' learning of English medical terminologies, which would help them in clinical practice.

Dental Students' Perception and Self-Perceived Confidence Level in Key Dental Procedures for General Practice and the Impact of Competency Implementation on Their Confidence Level, Part I (Prosthodontics and Conservative Dentistry).

Evaluating the level of dental students' competence is crucial for validating their preparedness for graduation. Confidence has a significant role in achieving competence. There are limited studies that assess the level of self-perceived confidence among final-year dental students regarding their ability to conduct key dental procedures. This study aims to assess the self-perceived confidence level of final-year dental students in performing essential dental procedures across various dental disciplines and to assess the effect of implementing competencies in the curriculum on the self-perceived confidence level of students by comparing two cohorts of final-year students in two different years 2016 (Traditional Cohort) and 2019 (Competencies Cohort). An questionnaire was answered by two cohorts of final-year dental students: one group in 2016 before the implementation of the competency-based assessment system (group 1, n = 153), and the other in 2019 after the implementation of this system (group 2, n = 199), the same questionnaire was used for both cohorts. The results from the two groups were compared regarding the degree of self-perceived confidence in conducting key dental procedures. The data were analysed using SPSS statistics and Levene's Test for Equality of Variances and t-test for Equality of Means calculated. Group 1 showed a significantly higher means of self-perceived confidence levels than group 2 in the ability to conduct seven out of the 20 prosthodontics procedures studied: providing patients with Cobalt-Chromium (Co-Cr) removable partial dentures (RPD) (3.77 vs. 3.56), providing the patient with Acrylic RPD (3.70 vs. 3.23), treatment planning for partially edentulous patients (3.83 vs. 3.34), giving OHIs for denture patients (4.17 vs. 3.95), dealing with CD postinsertion complaints (3.97 vs. 3.76), giving postinsertion instructions for removable prostheses cases (4.12 vs. 3.82), and providing patients with immediate dentures (2.67 vs. 2.32). The same applies to 6 out of 16 conservative dentistry procedures: placing anterior composite (4.41 vs. 4.12), placing posterior composite (4.43 vs. 3.88), placing posterior amalgam (4.29 vs. 4.02), placing matrix band for Class II restorations (4.24 vs. 3.71), placing a prefabricated post (3.34 vs. 2.88), and placing fiber post (3.45 vs. 3.34). On the other hand, group 2 shows higher means of self-perceived confidence than group 1 in only two conservative dentistry procedures: onlay restorations (2.18 vs. 2.76) and inlay restorations (2.22 vs. 2.75). No significant differences in means of self-perceived confidence were found between the two groups in the remaining 21 procedures studied. This study has shown that final-year dental students have high self-perceived confidence levels in doing simple dental procedures yet less confidence in more complex ones. Although, students' self-perceived confidence decreases after the introduction of a competency-based assessment system. Competency implementation and execution criteria may differ between schools which may have an impact on final outcomes. Hence, there is a need for regular evaluation of competencies being assessed to maintain a curriculum that is up to date.

Assessment of Final Year Nursing Students’ Willingness and Readiness to Work With Patients With COVID-19 During the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Indonesia faced shortages of medical supplies and healthcare workers. With a limited supply of healthcare workers, we examined the possibility of bringing final-year nursing students into COVID-19 patient care. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among final-year nursing students to assess their willingness and readiness to work with patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia. We recruited 1,028 final-year nursing students in East Java, Indonesia, during October 7-20, 2021. Data were collected using an online questionnaire designed for this study using Google Forms. Response data were extracted from Google Forms to MS Excel 2016 for analysis. We performed univariate analysis for descriptive statistics, followed by multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression to analyze the effect of independent variables on study outcomes. The characteristics of the study participants showed that most respondents were female (97.1%) and of Javanese ethnicity (75.3%). More than 90% of participants reported no chronic diseases (96.2%) and were vaccinated (81.4%). Most participants were willing to work (84.3%)and ready to work (94.4%) with patients with COVID-19. Adjusted analysis showed that sex, type of institution, ethnicity, household condition, and history of chronic diseases were independent determinants of willingness to work with patients with COVID-19. Male and private university students were significantly more willing to work with patients with COVID-19. Nursing students were willing to work with patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic; however, a longitudinal study is recommended for trend analysis.

Knowledge and perception of pharmacovigilance among pharmacy students and pharmacy professional students

Background: Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) contributes to high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. This can be minimised through pharmacovigilance. It is important to evaluate the level of knowledge and perception of pharmacovigilance among pharmacy students. Objective: To describe the level of knowledge and perceptions of final-year pharmacy students and students of pharmacy professional programs in Yogyakarta regarding pharmacovigilance. Method: A cross-sectional study involved 437 pharmacy students from five different universities in Yogyakarta, who were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were analysed to describe the characteristics of the respondents and their level of knowledge and perceptions about pharmacovigilance. Result: The majority of final year students in pharmacy and pharmacy professional programs had acquired a high level of knowledge about pharmacovigilance with a percentage of 54.0%. They also shared a positive perception of the implementation of pharmacovigilance with a percentage of 55.6%. Conclusion: Final-year pharmacy students and students of the pharmacy professional program have good knowledge and perceptions towards pharmacovigilance.

Why move abroad? Factors influencing migration intentions of final year students of health-related disciplines in Nigeria

BackgroundLimited human resource for health may impede the attainment of health-related sustainable development goals in low-income countries. This study aims to identify migration factors among final-year students of health-related disciplines at a Nigerian university, reflecting trends in Nigeria and sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 402 final-year students of Medicine/Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy and Occupational therapy Physiotherapy at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate data analysis were conducted and a p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 24.3 ± 2.3 years. Most (326; 81.1%) respondents had intentions to migrate and majority (216; 53.7%) of respondents had an unfavourable attitude towards practising in Nigeria. Students of Nursing constitute the highest proportion (68; 91.9%) of those willing to migrate (p = 0.009). The common preferred destinations for those who intend to migrate were the United Kingdom (84; 25.8%), Canada (81; 24.8%), and the United States of America (68; 20.9%). Respondents who had favourable attitude towards practicing abroad (AO.R: 2.9; 95% C.I 1.6–5.2; p = 0.001) were three times more likely to have migration intentions compared with those who had an unfavourable attitude towards practicing abroad, while the odds for those who had favourable attitude towards practicing in Nigeria (AO.R: 0.4; 95% C.I 0.2–0.7; p = 0.002) was two times less than those who had an unfavourable attitude towards practice in Nigeria. Respondents who desire specialist training (AO.R: 3.0; 95% C.I 1.7–5.4; p < 0.001) were three times more likely to have intention to migrate abroad when compared to those who were undecided or had no desire to pursue specialist training.ConclusionMost respondents had the intention to migrate abroad after graduation and this could be attributed to the desire for specialist training and their attitude towards practising in Nigeria. Interventions aimed at improving specialist training in Nigeria and incentivizing health care practice may reduce migration trends among Nigeria’s health professionals in training.

IMPLEMENTING DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC WRITING SUPPORT FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN THE OMANI CONTEXT

This paper evaluates how a writing centre in a private higher education institution in Oman supports discipline-specific academic writing for undergraduate students in Computing, Business, and Electronics Civil and Mechanical Engineering. One of the key interventions introduced by the centre was adopting a writing in the disciplines (WID) approach by offering scheduled writing classes for selected modules in these disciplines and incorporating genre-based pedagogy in final-year capstone projects. The embedded sessions were designed to support 550 students enrolled in seven modules across the three disciplines in meeting their coursework requirements. Integrating this intervention into the curriculum involved close collaboration with subject teachers to understand the assigned genres, designing relevant course materials for synchronous and asynchronous learning, and implementing innovative and research-informed pedagogies. Students were also offered individual consultations to complement the support offered during the classroom sessions. This study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of these embedded modules and the genre-based pedagogy approach for the capstone projects undertaken by final-year students. Feedback was collected from students, as well as the faculty members involved, through the institutional module evaluation surveys and feedback forms. The findings indicate that there is significant improvement in the quality of assignments of those students who availed the services of the center. Although the interventions are specific to these programmes and contexts, they may provide a model for other writing and language centres to develop innovative pedagogical models to support disciplinary student writing at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Factorial Structure and Psychometric Validation of Social Media Intelligence Quotient (SMIQ) Scales among Graduates

The Social Media Intelligence Quotient (SMIQ)'s underlying factorial structure will be extracted, and validated, and its psychometric properties will be examined in this study. Self-administered questionnaires from the universities that produce the most employable graduates in Malaysia, such as Universiti Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, and Universiti Teknologi Mara, were utilized by the researcher to gather the data. It involved 352 final-year students from the Faculty of Business Management. To ascertain the factorial structure of the SMIQ, the researcher used the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Additionally, the confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of each item to confirm and validate it. A structural model was also developed to measure the nomological validity between social media dependency and SMIQ. It revealed that SMIQ is second order with three factorial structure constructs and met the psychometric criteria. Thus, the findings have essential implications for future research directions and the management of social media skills.

The Effect of Social Support on Academic Burnout of Final Year Students of the Undergraduate Nursing Study Program at Harapan Bangsa University

Student burnout can lead to feelings of helplessness, loss of attention or avoidance of the learning environment, and dropping out of dreams. This condition can occur due to excessive workload or continuous academic demands. This creates stress and negatively impacts mental health. This study aims to determine how social support impacts the academic boredom of undergraduate nursing study program students at Harapan Bangsa University. This study conducted correlation descriptive research using a cross-sectional approach. The total sampling involved 84 students. To measure social support, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) scale questionnaires and academic boredom were used. with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) questionnaire. For analysis, the Spearman rank test is used. The results showed that students experienced academic burnout. The final level of the Nursing Study Program The Bachelor Program at Harapan Bangsa University is the most dominant with the medium category (67.9%). Social support for final-year students of the Undergraduate Nursing Study Program at Harapan Bangsa University is the most dominant in the medium category (65.5%). The conclusion is that there is a relationship with p value 0.009 (p &lt; 0.05), the level of academic fatigue of Nursing students of the Undergraduate Program of Universitas Harapan Bangsa.

The Impact of a Simulation-Based Learning Activity Using Actor Patients on Final Year Nursing Students’ Learning

Fundamental to clinical nursing is the ability to recognise patient deterioration and know what to do. These skills are vital for patient safety and yet remain a challenge to teach nursing students. Simulation provides a means for students to develop the necessary skills in a safe learning environment. This qualitative descriptive study investigated final-year nursing students’ perception of the effectiveness of a ward-based simulation learning activity using actor patients. The research question that underpinned this study is as follows: Does actor patient simulation help preparedness for clinical practice? The simulation setting was a mock medical-surgical ward in a tertiary education clinical skills centre. Focus group interviews were conducted in two parts: immediately after the simulation and then three months later when students had completed their clinical placements. Thematic analysis identified three main themes: decreasing the theory-practice gap; decision-making; and acting like a registered nurse. This study found that simulation with actor patients positively impacted nursing students’ learning, reinforcing other studies that support simulation as an effective learning strategy. Although the simulation was challenging, students valued the opportunity to role-play as a registered nurse, which provided insight into the skills and abilities needed for clinical practice. Te reo Māori translation Te pānga o tētahi ngohe akoranga ā-whakatakune mā te whakamahi i ngā tūroro kaiwhakaari, ki te akoranga tau whakamutunga o ētahi akonga tau tuatahi Ngā Ariā Matua He mea tino hira te kite wawe i te heke o te tūroro, waihoki te mōhio me aha te tapuhi, mō te haumarutanga tūroro, engari e noho ana hei mea uaua ki te whakaako ki ngā akonga tapuhi. Ko te whakatakune tētahi ara pai mō ngā ākonga hei whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga haumaru i roto i tētahi horopaki ako haumaru. I tūhura tēnei rangahau kounga whakaahua i ngā kitenga o ngā ākonga tapuhi tau whakamutunga mō te whāinga hua o tētahi ngohe ako i te wāhanga hōhipera nā te whakamahi i ngā tūroro kaiwhakaari. Ko te pātai rangahau i roto i tēnei mahi ko tēnei: Hei āwhina te whakatakune i te takatū mō te mahi i te taha o te tūroro? Ko te wāhi o te whakaritenga whakatakune ko tētahi wāhanga hōhipera taurima mate-hāparapara i tētahi pūtahi pūkenga tiaki turoro mātauranga matua. I kawea ētahi uiuinga rōpū arotahi i ētahi wā e rua: i muri tonu mai i te whakatakune; ā, e toru marama i muri i te whakatakune i te otinga o ngā whakanohonga tiaki tūroro o ngā ākonga. E toru ngā tāhuhu matua i tautohutia i roto i te tātaritanga tāhuhu: te whakaheke i te āputa ariā-mahi, te whakatau take, me te kawe i te mana o te tapuhi rēhita. I kitea e tēnei rangahau i whai hua te whakatakune me ngā tūroro kaiwhakaari ki te akoranga o ngā tapuhi, me tōna whakatūturu i ētahi atu rangahau e tautoko nei i te whakatakune hei rautaki ako whai hua. Ahakoa te uaua o te whakatakune, he mea hira ki ngā akonga te kawe i te tūranga o te tapuhi rēhita, i puta ai he māramatanga ki ngā pūkenga me ngā āheinga e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi tiaki tūroro tūturu. Ngā kupu matua: tūroro kaiwhakaari, akonga tapuhi, hekenga o te tūroro, te whakatakune, te tātari tāhuhu

The relationship between physical activity towards anxiety and stress levels among college students

Background: A healthy body condition is a vital thing everyone needs, which can be achieved by doing enough physical activity. As final-year students who will end their studies in college, students will make a final project, commonly called a thesis. While finishing their thesis, students are at risk of experiencing anxiety and stress disorders. Anxiety and stress, when they occur continuously, irrationally, uncontrollably, and with increased intensity, anxiety, and stress can interfere with daily activities and lead to further mental disorders. This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and anxiety and stress levels in final-year students.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023. The sample was collected using a stratified random sampling technique, with 98 final-year students preparing their thesis. Physical activity was measured using the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), anxiety level used the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS), and stress level used the perceived stress scale (PSS).&#x0D; Results: Based on Spearman's rho analysis test, the results show that there was a relation between physical activity and anxiety level (p=0.000) with moderate correlation strength (r = -0.459), and there was a relation between physical activity and stress level (p=0.001) with low correlation strength (r=-0.331).&#x0D; Conclusion: There was a relationship between physical activity and anxiety and stress levels in final-year students of the Medical Faculty, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia.&#x0D; Background: A healthy body condition is a vital thing everyone needs, which can be achieved by doing enough physical activity. As final-year students who will end their studies in college, students will make a final project, commonly called a thesis. While finishing their thesis, students are at risk of experiencing anxiety and stress disorders. Anxiety and stress, when they occur continuously, irrationally, uncontrollably, and with increased intensity, anxiety, and stress can interfere with daily activities and lead to further mental disorders. This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and anxiety and stress levels in final-year students.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023. The sample was collected using a stratified random sampling technique, with 98 final-year students preparing their thesis. Physical activity was measured using the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ), anxiety level used the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS), and stress level used the perceived stress scale (PSS).&#x0D; Results: Based on Spearman's rho analysis test, the results show that there was a relation between physical activity and anxiety level (p=0.000) with moderate correlation strength (r = -0.459), and there was a relation between physical activity and stress level (p=0.001) with low correlation strength (r=-0.331).&#x0D; Conclusion: There was a relationship between physical activity and anxiety and stress levels in final-year students of the Medical Faculty, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia.

Knowledge and attitudes of Nigerian final-year pharmacy students towards genital warts and practice regarding human papillomavirus vaccine: A cross-sectional study

Background: Genital warts are clinical presentations of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The study evaluated the knowledge and attitudes of Nigerian final year pharmacy students towards genital warts and practice regarding the HPV vaccine. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from February 2022 to April 2022 with a 31-item structured self-administered questionnaire and analysed using IBM SPSS Version 25.0. Pearson’s Chi-Square was used to test the association between variables. Statistical significance was set as p &lt; 0.05. Results: The study enrolled 620 respondents from 15 universities in Nigeria. Overall, slightly above half of the respondents had good knowledge of genital warts (n=344, 55.5%). More than half of them had favourable attitudes towards genital warts (n=422, 68.1%). Few respondents reported that they had been vaccinated against genital warts (n=12, 1.9%). Conclusion: The study revealed that final year pharmacy students in Nigeria showed good knowledge and favourable attitudes towards genital warts and human HPV prevention, which did not translate into good practice. It highlights the need for interventions that would promote good practices towards genital warts prevention.

Contraceptives Knowledge and Perception: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Future Pharmacists in Jordan.

Unintended pregnancy has huge burdens on healthcare resources and society. Contraception is essential to reduce it, and pharmacists are usually the first healthcare providers who are asked for advice about contraceptives. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate future pharmacists' knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of contraceptive methods and assess the factors influencing their knowledge, awareness, and perceptions. This cross-sectional study was conducted among senior pharmacy ‎students at four universities. Data was collected over three months using a structured and validated questionnaire. Both inferential (Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test) and descriptive analyses were employed. A total of 310 eligible participants completed the questionnaire, and more than half of them ‎‎(N=172; 55.5%) were final-year students. The Mann-Whitney U-test revealed that final-year students had significantly better knowledge (U= 14,261.5, p<0.002) and a higher level of awareness (U= 13,971.5, p<0.007) than fourth-year students. Interestingly, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the type of training (hospital, community, none) had a statistically significant impact on awareness scores (p<0.001). Final-year students had higher knowledge and were more aware of contraception than fourth-year students. Also, community pharmacy training was associated with better awareness about contraceptives‎. Therefore, future studies should explore the impact of incorporating more targeted contraceptive education into earlier years of pharmacy education to bridge the knowledge gap observed between final-year and fourth-year students. Additionally, research should also investigate the effectiveness of specific community pharmacy training modules on contraceptive awareness.

Frequency and Risk Factors of Depression among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Karachi

OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine the frequency of depression among medical students and to identify the different risk factors associated with depression. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at a private medical college in Karachi. The study was initiated after approval was taken from the ethical committee. Consent was taken before the data collection after explaining the details of the study. Students were selected for this study as per inclusion criteria. They were provided with the PHQ-9 questionnaire in which they were inquired about the factors for depression. The total students with depression positive were presented by their frequencies with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTSThree hundred seventy medical students participated, and 207 (56%) tested positive for depression. Notably, depression was more prevalent among final-year students, with 80% affected. Additionally, the severity of depression gradually increased with advancing medical years, reaching the highest level in the final year, where 61 students (80%) reported significant depression. The most frequent causes of depression were living away from home and facing the challenges of a demanding curriculum. CONCLUSION The study findings revealed a higher likelihood of depression among medical students, particularly in their final year. This vulnerability was exacerbated by the stress associated with extensive coursework and peer pressure to achieve excellent exam grades.